April, 1888, and filled, at various times, all positions in the underwriting department, up to chief clerk. In January, 1896, he was appointed special agent for New York State, and entered the service of the Union of London as special agent for large cities in the West, April, 1897. He was appointed agency manager for the western department of Hall & Henshaw Companies, in April, 1899, and October 1, 1900, was appointed secretary of the Orient Insurance Company. On the removal of the underwriting department of the London & Lancashire to Hartford in December, 1905, he was appointed agency secretary of that company. In August, 1906, he was transferred to the Pacific coast as manager for the two companies. He was elected a vice-president of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company in 1913.

Y

YANG-TSZE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION, LTD. Shanghai, China. Willcox, Peck & Hughes, New York, United States managers. United States branch assets, December 31, 1914, $445,406.10; liabilities, $131,027.25.

YATES, MORTIMER B., general agent, Atlanta, Ga., was born in Leeds, England, in 1866, and educated at Halifax, England, coming to America at the age of twenty. He was engaged in the local agency business for several years in Texas, afterwards becoming special agent of the German of Freeport for Texas and Arkansas, resigning to become special agent of the Imperial of London for Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Indian Territory, under the Southern department. When the Imperial retired from the United States, Mr. Yates gave his active attention for three years to the oil business in the Beaumont district, where he was already largely interested. When the Atlanta-Birmingham Fire Insurance Company was organized, he became home office special agent, having jurisdiction over the company's business in all the large cities. He resigned October 1, 1906, to form a general agency partnership with Robt. N. Hughs, under the firm name of Hughs & Yates, which later became Hughs, Yates & Hurt, and which was dissolved in 1915. He is now state agent for the Peoples National and United Fireman's for Georgia, Florida, and Alabama.

YORKSHIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, LTD., York, England. Frank & Du Bois, New York, United States manager. Ernest B. Boyd, underwriting manager; O. E. Lane, assistant manager. Admitted assets, December 31, 1914, $950,876.64; liabilities, $513,511.66.

LIFE

Casualty and Miscellaneous

Insurance Section

A

ABELS, HENRY, secretary of the Franklin Life Insurance Company, Springfield, Ill., is a native of Illinois, and was born on a farm in Jasper County, February 19, 1867. After leaving school he accepted a clerkship in the office of the secretary of state, and on leaving his position acquired his first experience in life insurance as a solicitor for the Franklin Life Association. He accepted a position as pardon clerk under Governor Joseph W. Fifer, and following a connection with the Illinois National Bank of Springfield, again entered life insurance work as general agent of the Fidelity Mutual Life Association of Philadelphia. In 1896 he accepted a position in the home office of the Fidelity, and two years later returned to the Franklin Life, and assisted in the reorganization of that company. He was appointed auditor and in 1901 was elected secretary. He was elected president of the American Life Convention at the annual meeting in 1913, and is now a member of the Executive Committee of that organization.

ACCIDENT INSURANCE. The ordinary accident insurance policy grants a fixed compensation to the insured for a limited time in case of disabling accident, and also a definite amount to be paid to a designated person if death results from accident. Such policies are in general strictly limited by their terms to accidents which totally disable or kill the insured. Companies now issue modified forms providing for injury and death, with an additional clause as to partial disabilities of a permanent nature, such as loss of a limb, an eye, a hand, or foot. In order to recover, the injury must arise from " external, violent, and accidental means," and must be incurred while the insured is not unnecessarily exposing himself to "obvious danger," and while he is not engaged in an occupation more hazardous than that in which he has elected to be classified and insured; or if more hazardously occupied at the time of the injury, then recovery can be had only to the extent to which the premium paid would have purchased insurance in the more hazardous class. Within these limits there has been found a great deal of ground for differences of opinion, and many of the points which have been settled have only been disposed of after harassing litigation.

The following is a statement of the personal accident business of the principal companies in 1914: