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hope was disappointed, and he felt therefore that he must retire from the denomination with which he had been associated."

We fully agree with the Times when it commends Dr. Penman's course as a straightforward, honest, manly one, and when it adds: "Churches are entitled to maintain their standards of doctrine. He who holds a commission of a church, and is not in sympathy with its doctrines, does himself and the church injustice by remaining. He is a mere time-server unless he takes his departure." The Times closes its article with the pertinent suggestion: "When a friend and disciple of Prof. Briggs feels compelled to the course pursued by Dr. Penman, surely the professor himself must have some misgivings as to the honesty of his own position."

Perhaps we should not call Mr. Penman the latest heretic; for another has just appeared over in Canada. Prof. John Campbell of the Presbyterian College in Montreal has been indicted for heresy by the Montreal Presbytery for utterances made by him in an address recently delivered before the students of Queen's University in Kingston. His trial is announced as to begin August 1.

Departments.

SUNDAY-SCHOOL.

With every desire to see and acknowledge the difficulties in the path of a Sundayschool teacher, still it is needful to have an ideal,-not for cavil and discouragement, but as an inspiration and guide. How can we depict the ideal Sunday-school teacher? She (women being in the majority) will put her heart into her work; good will and sympathy will be visible in her face and voice. The dry fact and abstruse truth will be touched with a glow of interpreting interest. She will individualize her scholars, and have a key to the springs of character in each. How to reach one as distinguished from the next will be her study not less than the topic. She will make her text-book subordinate to her own fertile suggestions, and to the talk and questions evoked in the class. Abhor, must she, the strictly mechanical method of question-and-answer. Aiming to create thought and to quicken mental activity, the ideal teacher follows no stereotyped course. She will always keep a wise

and beneficial perspective in the treatment of her subjects. Before the lesson is dismissed there must be a clearing up of the thought, so that the essential facts and principles are disentangled from small and distorting discussions. She will take a deep interest in the welfare of the whole school; speak for it, advocate it, co-operate to further its prosperity. She will attend teachers' meetings faithfully, and in all ways seek fitly to prepare herself for the coming Sunday's duty; for preparation concerns not the lesson alone: one's self must have the right spirit. The Sunday-school is the church in its religious and moral educational phase. To serve it properly, the spiritual mood and attitude must be companions.

Then there is the model Sunday-school scholar. He appreciates the opportunity. His parents join to aid him in the adequate preparation of his lessons. He loves to be with his mates in the regular exercises. Attentive to the teacher's words, he brings his own mind to bear on the topic, and helps on the hour's conversation. He shows to his friends the love he bears the school by loyal word and zeal, so that they seek the saine place. As he grows older, the beliefs of his Church, and the reasons for his faith, are distinctly understood. Gradually he sees the volunteers to serve in the departments of the union of the church and the Sunday-school; church life, and becomes a hearty representative of organized religion, with a strong, rounded character to meet social and mercantile vicissitudes.

One more etching,-the ideal minister in relation to the Sunday-school. He believes in the organization as inevitable and necessary. Beholding its weakness and its trials, he is not daunted. He plans for its better fulfilment, keeps a living, inspiring contact with the teachers, is a vital part in the year's work, cheers on the toilers, and makes himself young with the pupils. Holds teachers' meetings, keeps the Sunday-school prominently before the congregation, arranges joint services on special occasions. Utters optimistic comments, bridles the censorious impulse, aims to obtain a maximum of instruction with a minimum of waste time, never allows a rivalry to arise between the church worship and work and the young people's doings. Bindeth together all things, hopeth all things, trieth all things, is never afraid to ask for money from his people to aid Sunday-school affairs. He is a man who sees full well that the future of the Church, the faith, and progress in religion depend on the allegiance and intelligent aid of the rising generation.

We gave in the last Unitarian announcements of various new publications by the Unitarian Sunday School Society. In addi

tion, we are now ready to state that a three years' course of study, to be issued in weekly leaflet form, will be offered, beginning in September. This scheme will be one topic, with three grades,- primary, intermediate, advanced. Subject for the first year, Old Testament; second year, Life of Jesus; third year, Teachings of Jesus. The lessons for the advanced classes will be prepared by Rev. W. Hanson Pulsford; intermediate lessons, by Rev. W. H. Lyon; primary lessons (illustrated), by Mrs. J. C. Jaynes. There will be talks in Channing Hall every Saturday afternoon on the topic for the following Sunday, conducted by the authors of the lessons, free to teachers and those interested. The committee originally chosen to mature and present a course of lessons and of normal class instruction was from the Unitarian Sunday School Society and the Boston Sunday School Union, consisting of R. C. Metcalf, A. C. Dockham, A. C. Burnham, and the President of the Sunday School Society.

Volume VIII. of Every Other Sunday is now ready in tasteful bound form, offering a large variety of interesting reading matter and attractive illustrations. Price 75 cents.

The annual meeting of the Unitarian Sunday School Society will be held in October at West Newton.

EDWARD A. HORTON.

GUILDS.

STEADFASTNESS.

stopping nowhere, but with a will that can have a principle, and can stand steadfastly by it.

These questions often arise in our daily lives: Why are our lives so full of failures? Why are there more defeats than victories? The answer is this: "that the power of resistance and steadfastness are unused powers."

We go into our work in the world, the various scenes of duty and discipline, the places where temptations meet us, the places where many times already they have mastered us; but we go again and again, just as we have again and again gone, thoughtless, heedless, ourselves tempting temptation, and the result is we meet with failures and discouragement.

We have gone into life as an army would which goes into an engagement without a cannon or a bayonet, a bullet or a sword. We have discarded every means of repelling an attack, we have placed ourselves in front of the post of danger where we are assaulted front, flank, and rear; and we have not even the means for covering our retreat, but, unarmed and exposed, we stand at the mercy of a merciless foe. We violate all law, and then upbraid God because he has not helped us.

All this trouble arises for one reason: we are not steadfast, and are not prepared for all danger.

We have two courses open to us: in one we find the powers of faith, courage, persistence, and steadfastness,- -no unattainable qualities, no rare gifts of God, but things within your reach and the reach of all. This course leads to eternal life, but the Which shall we have? "Even by bartering his birthright gained his life," but only misery and shame does a man get who is not steadfast, and yields his soul to the wiles of temptation.

Read before the Guild at Milford, N.H., by other leads to destruction.

Lena M. Sargent.

"I make a decree that in every dominion of my kingdom men tremble and fear before the God of Daniel, because he is a living God, and steadfast forever."-DAN. vi. 26.

We should be steadfast in all things, have a purpose in life, and stand firmly by it. Our great difficulty is that we are purposeless.

We should stand up in the face of every opposition, and declare, as Paul did, "I will not come under the power of any one.”

To the demand "Resist and overcome" we are inclined to say, "I won't" or "I can't." None is too unwilling, if he be so disposed,

to resolve to be steadfast. God does not ask of any one what he has not given him the power to perform, and he does not expect us to conquer if he has not given us the ability to do so. He may ask difficult things, but never impossible ones.

Man was not made as volatile as a dead leaf, to be whirled about over the world,

God make us heirs to honor, glory, and immortality: these shall be the portion of every one who, like Paul, can say, "I will not be brought under the power of any one."

An encouraging account is given of the Children's Guild in Winchendon, Mass. Very young children have led meetings and given their own little papers on practical themes.

field, Mass., made a very good showing by the report of the secretary at the annual meeting. Dr. Clarke's "Self-culture" was used the first year, and his "Ten Great Religions" the past season. The guild has raised money for various purposes. Altogether, we feel that this organization must be of decided helpfulness to the new church of our faith in Pittsfield,

The Guild of the Good Shepherd at Pitts

At the anniversary of the Sunday-school in Concord, Mass., the guild had charge of the preparation of plants and the distribution of them to all the children of the school and parish. It was a pleasant sight to see the plants raised on high at the same time, making the place look like a large conservatory or greenhouse.

We are glad to find that guilds are to be recognized in the International Congress of

Unitarians at the World's Fair. From Sat

urday, September 16, to Friday, September 22, Unitarianism has a share in the World's Congress of Religions. The president of the Alliance has been asked to give a fifteen-minute address in regard to the guild movement on Friday, September 22, along with various other speakers who represent "The Present Organized Forces of Unitarianism."

Now is the time for officers and committees in our young people's religious organizations to be looking forward to the arrangement of courses and plans of work for the next season. As we believe in our cause, let us see to it that the next year shall record sure progress in our work.

B. R. BULKELEY.

TEMPERANCE NOTES.

The South Carolina Experiment.—It will be remembered that South Carolina has passed a somewhat novel law, taking the whole liquor business, wholesale and retail, into the charge of the State, with local option for those communities who wish entire prohibition of the business. This experiment cuts directly at the menacing liquor ring and its vast money power, and its greed of gain. The same object is in view at which the Norwegian system aims; namely, the taking away all private interest in increasing the sale of intoxicating drinks. It appears now that in one of the circuit courts of the State the new law has been pronounced unconstitutional. The ground of this judgment seems to be that, while the State can make police regulations restricting, or even forbidding, the sale of intoxicants, it has no more right to establish for itself a monopoly and to go into the liquor business than it would have to make a State monopoly for the sale of "meats, vegetables, mineral waters, provisions," etc.

One wonders whether this decision can stand in the final arbitrament of the Supreme Court. There are surely reasons in consideration of the public good for treating the business of the intoxicating drinks as we treat the sale of poisons and explosions, in an entirely different manner from most of the articles mentioned by Judge Hudson. Even if the judge is right in deeming the

new law unconstitutional, the further question will recur whether such a law ought not to be made constitutional. If the State can confer a monopoly upon licenses, it is hard to see why it cannot assume the same monopoly which its licensees have abused.

The Swiss System.-The Review of Reviews quotes from a paper in the Economic Review (London). The Swiss have undertaken the experiment of maintaining a State monopoly of the strong drinks. This is quite in accord with their democratic spirit. It appears that already the consumption of liquors per head has fallen off almost one quarter. Mr. King, the writer of the article upon this subject, says:

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"It is remarkable, and a good omen for the future, that the greatest step which the Swiss have yet taken in socialism was taken to cope with the greatest moral evil besetting Europe to-day,-the evil of exces sive alcohol drinking. The Swiss nation has shown, what all Europe should be glad to learn, that legislation may lessen the evils of drink without interfering with individual freedom; that a policy of State socialism may be one of higher morality and of economical and efficient administration, and that moral regeneration and progressive statesmanship cannot afford to part company."

Coffee-houses. It is an interesting question why coffee-houses have not had a larger success in this country. We learn that the amount of capital invested in coffee-houses, temperance restaurants, and hotels in Great Britain is estimated as probably in excess of $10,000,000. There are seven thousand such establishments, employing fifty-six thousand persons. One company has sixtyfour coffee-houses in the single city of Liverpool. It is maintained that the coffee-house movement has probably "done more than any other single agency to diminish intemperance." These houses, moreover, are generally made to pay.

"Evening attractions are made a special study. Newspapers and periodicals are on the tables, a piano is a requisite piece of furniture. In some cases concerts, entertainments, and debates are arranged. Games of skill, such as chess, draughts, and billiards, are provided and encouraged; for here they can be practised apart from drink, gambling, profanity, and bad company, with which they are too often associated elsewhere."

It is true that we have many restaurants which are practically temperance houses. But they commonly lack the attractive features which are needed to win drinking men from the saloons. Is it not possible that our American temperance reformers, in their haste to settle the drink question once for all by prohibition, had neglected their nearer opportunities? C. R. ELIOT.

LITERARY NOTES.

"Civilization's Inferno." By B. O. Flower. Arena Publishing Co., Boston. Paper, 50 cents.-We have here a series of what the author calls "studies in the social cellar." It is an earnest and graphic portraiture of the condition of the poorer and more neglected classes in our great cities, set off against the condition of the rich, fashionable, and heartless class, who shut their eyes to all this misery, and only concern themselves with their own selfish pleasures. The book reads very much like the utterance of a nineteenth-century Jeremiah; but in this world Jeremiahs will long be necessary. Its stern and pitiless facts ought to be put before the public, and kept before the public until they are heeded. The titles of the chapters are Society's Exiles, Two Hours in the Social Cellar, The Democracy of Darkness, Why the Ishmaelites multiply, The Froth and the Dregs, A Pilgrimage and a Vision, What of the Morrow? Among the rest Mr. Flower utters some strong words to the churches, at which they ought to wince, then lay the words to heart, and thank him.

It is a happy thought, and a manifestation of true piety, that has suggested the preservation of the early home of Whittier as a memorial of the great poet. Says the Boston Commonwealth: "The interior of the house on the old Whittier homestead at Haverhill, which has undergone changes since the poet's boyhood, has been restored as nearly as possible to the same condition it was in those days. The partition that made the kitchen smaller has been removed, and the fireplace restored to its former size. Pieces of the old appointments of the rooms, which were given away by the Whittier family to relatives and friends, are to be returned, and resume their former places in the various apartments." Already the place is becoming one of pious pilgrimage to hundreds.

The Non-sectarian is the name of a monthly journal "devoted to the cause of liberal religion," published in St. Louis and edited by H. R. Whitmore, having Rev. Messrs. John Snyder, John C. Learned, Howard MacQueary, Jacob Merrifield, H. D. Stevens, Dr. H. W. Thomas, and other well-known names on its list of "regular contributors." It is now in its third volume. It has printed much excellent matter. We need hardly say that we are in most hearty sympathy with its aims, and wish it the largest measure of success. The July number, which lies before us, contains articles upon "Fraternalism," by Rev. J. L. Duncan; “Unity," by J. C. Learned; "The Super

natural," by Thomas H. Musick; and "False and True Liberalism," by Rev. J. T. Sunderland.

Mr. Philip Green, 4 and 5 Essex Street, Strand, has been appointed by the Committee of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association Publisher of Books of Liberal and Progressive Theology. He will shortly issue a "Hand-book of Rational Piety," by Rev. H. W. Crosskey, LL.D., F.G.S., "The Beginnings of Christendom," by Rev. W. G. Tarrant, B.A., "The Development of Theology as illustrated in English poetry from 1780 to 1830," by Rev. Stopford A. Brooke, M.A., LL.D. He will also keep on sale American and English Biblical and religious works of a heterodox type.

Once, when Tennyson was reading "Maud" aloud to a group of friends, he paused at the passage

"Birds in the high Hall-garden
When twilight was falling,
Maud, Maud, Maud, Maud,

They were crying and calling."

and asked one of his hearers what birds these were. She was scared into replying sentimentally, "Nightingales." "Bosh!" rejoined Tennyson. "What a cockney you are! Nightingales don't say 'Maud.' Rooks do, or something like it. Caw, caw, caw, caw!" And he resumed the reading.

The

"Discourses," a volume of eighteen sermons by Rev. Edward H. Hall, pastor of the First Parish, Cambridge, is in press. The sermons are of various years, from 1870 to 1893, among them being a few discourses for special occasions,-Christmas, Easter, Harvest, and Communion Service. volume includes also the "Soldiers' Pension" sermon of 1890, and ends fittingly with Mr. Hall's farewell discourse of March 26, 1893. The collection is dedicated "to the First Parish in Cambridge, in memory of eleven years of uninterrupted fellowship." It will be awaited with interest by many. [George H. Ellis, publisher.]

The First Unitarian Church of Portland, Ore., has just published a memorial volume containing a history of the church for twenty-five years, from 1867 to 1892, written by Rev. Earl M. Wilbur, the junior pastor. The volume also contains a sketch of the life of Dr. Thomas L. Eliot, the senior pastor, an account of the twenty-fifth anniversary, the constitution and covenant of the church, a list of the members, etc. It is illustrated by numerous half-tone engravings, and is sold in cloth for 75 cents, in morocco for $1.25. Address First Unitarian Church, 346 Yamhill Street, Portland.

The Pacific Unitarian says of Joseph Shippen's paper on "Music in the Sundayschool" which we printed in our June issue: "It seems to us the best word on the subject from a practical standpoint that we have ever read. It ought to be reprinted as a tract." We are quite of the same opinion. Will not some of our Sunday-school societies give it to us in tract form?

Our very highly esteemed contemporary, the Christian Union, has changed its name to the Outlook. We can only say we are sorry, for the old name seems to us far the more virile and significant. We are glad to be assured that the paper will continue to be what it has been in the past in every particular except its name.

The important pamphlet on "The Apostle's Creed" by Prof. Harnack, which has caused such a sensation in religious circles in Germany, has been translated by Mrs. Humphry Ward, and published in the July Nineteenth Century,

The Cosmopolitan, one of the best and most widely circulated of our popular monthlies, makes the almost startling announcement that its price will be hereafter only 12 cents per number.

Another volume of essays by George William Curtis will soon be published. The essays have been selected with care from the large number of Mr. Curtis's contributions to Harper's Magazine.

Rev. James Vila Blake of Chicago protests against the new extradition treaty with Russia in a strong poem published in the July number of the New England Mag

azine.

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The Gospel and its Earliest Interpretations. By Orello Cone, D.D. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Cloth, $1.75.

An Inquiry into the Truth of Dogmatic Christianity. By William D. Harden. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Cloth, $1.75.

Ai. A Social Vision. By Charles Daniel. Philadelphia: Miller Publication Company, 206 N. 29th Street. Cloth, $1; paper, 50 cents.

Reincarnation. A Study of Forgotten Truth. By E. D. Walker. New York: John W. Lovell Company. Paper, 50 cents. Atonement. By Rev. William Tucker, D.D. Boston: Universalist Publishing House. Cloth, 25 cents.

Wit and Humor of the Bible. By Marion D. Shutter, D.D. Boston: Arena Publishing Company. Cloth.

REVIEWS AND MAGAZINES.

We name below some of the more impor tant articles in the magazines and reviews of the month:

The Century Magazine (July). Color in the Court of Honor at the Fair. By Royal Cortissoz.

The Most Picturesque Place in the World. By J. and E. R. Pennell.

Leaves from the Autobiography of Salvini. By Tommasso Salvini.

An Artist's Letters from Japan. By John La Farge.

A Voice for the People of Russia. By George Kennan.

The New World (July). Modern Explanations of Religion. Hermann Schultz.

Evolution: A Restatement.

Morgan.

By

By C. L.

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