DANIEL WEBSTER

A speech delivered at a dinner of the Royal Agricultural Society, Oxford, England, July 18, 1839.1

Earl Spencer presided, and in introducing Mr. Webster, said: . . . Among these foreigners [present] is one gentleman, of a most distinguished character, from the United States of America, that great country whose people we are obliged legally to call foreigners, but who are still our brethren in blood. It is most gratifying that such a man is present at this meeting, that he may know what the farmers of England really are, and be able to report to his fellow-citizens the manner in which they are united, from every class, in promoting their peaceful and most important objects. I propose, "The health of Mr. Webster and other distinguished strangers.

Mr. Webster said:

The notice which the noble earl at the head of the table has been kind enough to take of me and the friendly sentiments which he has seen fit to express toward the country to which I belong, demand my most cordial acknowledgments. I should therefore begin by saying how much I am gratified in having it in my power to pass one day among the proprietors,

1 Reprinted from "The Works of Daniel Webster," Vol. I, Eleventh Edition. Boston, 1858.

the cultivators, the farmers, of Old England — that England of which I have been reading and conversing all my life and now have the privilege of visiting.

I would say in the next place, if I could say, how much I have been pleased and gratified with one portion of the exhibition for which we are indebted to the formation of the Royal Agricultural Society, and that is, the assemblage of so large a number of the farmers of England. When persons connected with some pursuit, of whatever description, assemble in such numbers, I cannot look on them but with respect and regard; but I freely confess that I am more than ordinarily moved on such occasions, when I see before me, on either continent, a great assemblage of those whose interests, whose hopes, whose objects and pursuits in life are connected with the cultivation of the

soil.

Whatever else may tend to enrich and beautify society, that which feeds and clothes comfortably the great mass of mankind should always be regarded as the great foundation of national prosperity. I need not say that the agriculture of England is instructive to all the world; as a science, it is here better understood; as an art, it is here better practised; as a great interest, it is here as highly esteemed as in any other part of the globe.

The importance of agriculture to a nation is obvious

to every man; but it perhaps does not strike every mind so suddenly, although certainly it is equally true, that the annual produce of English agriculture is a great concern to the whole civilized world. The civilized and commercial states are so connected, their interests are so blended, that it is a matter of notoriety that the fear or the prospect of a short crop in England deranges and agitates the business transactions and commercial speculations of the whole trading world.

It is natural that this should be the case in those nations which look to the occurrence of a short crop in England as an occasion which may enable them to dispose profitably of their own surplus produce. But the fact goes much farther, for when such an event occurs in the English capital,—the centre of commercial speculations, where the price of commodities is settled and arranged for the whole world, where the exchanges between nations are conducted and concluded, consequences are felt everywhere, as no one knows better than the noble earl who occupies the chair. Should there be a frost in England fifteen days later than usual in the spring, should there be an unseasonable drought, or ten cold and wet days, instead of ten warm and dry ones, when the harvest is reaped, every exchange in Europe and America is more or less affected by the result.

I will not pursue these remarks. I must, however, say that I entertain not the slightest doubt of the great advantages to the interest of agriculture which must result from the formation and operation of this society. Is it not obvious to the most common observer that those who cultivate the soil have not the same conveniences, facilities, and opportunities of daily intercourse and comparison of opinions as the commercial and manufacturing interests? Those who are associated in the pursuits of commerce and manufactures naturally congregate in cities. They have immediate means of frequent communication. Their sympathies, feelings, and opinions are instantaneously circulated, like electricity, through the whole body.

But how is it with the cultivators of the soil? Separated, spread over a thousand fields, each attentive to his own acres, they have only occasional opportunities of communicating with each other. If among commercial men, chambers of commerce, and other institutions of that character, -if among the trades, guilds are found expedient, how much more necessary and advisable to have some such institutions as this society, which, at least annually, shall bring together the representatives of the great agricultural interest ! In many parts of the country to which I belong there are societies upon a similar principle which have

been found very advantageous. As with you, they offer rewards for specimens of fine animals and for implements of husbandry supposed to excel those which have been known before. They turn their attention to everything designed to facilitate the operations of the farmer, and improve his stock and interest in the country. Among other means of improving agriculture, they have imported largely from the best breeds of animals known in England. I am sure that a gentleman who to-day deservedly obtained many prizes for stock will not be displeased to learn that I have seen, along the rich pastures of the Ohio and its tributary streams, animals raised from those which had been furnished by his farms in Yorkshire and Northumberland.

But, apart from this subject, I beg leave to make a short response to the very kind sentiments, which went near to my heart, as uttered by the noble earl at the head of the table.

The noble chairman was pleased to speak of the people of the United States as kindred in blood with the people of England. I am an American. I was born on that great continent, and I am wedded to the fortunes of my country, for weal or for woe. There is no other region of the earth which I can call my country. But I know, and I am proud to know, what blood flows in these veins.