feeling. Prevents endless confusion; the service of God, liable to be degraded through carelessness or ignorance of the minister. This prevented by a prescribed form.

III. The use of a form sanctioned by Holy Scripture Extempore prayers in public not used by either the Jews or Gentiles. A liturgy used in the Jewish Church and by our Blessed Lord, and His Apostles.

1. The song of praise, composed by Moses, sung by Miriam, and the congregation of Israel, of necessity precomposed. (Ex. xv.)

2. The Benediction to be used by the high priest, (Num. vi. 22,) and the prayer used by Moses, (Num. x. 45.) precomposed by God himself.

3. Jesus Christ when attending the services of the Jewish Church must have joined in its Liturgy. He enjoined the use of a form upon His disciples; this was composed from a prayer in use among the Jews.

4. "Psalms, hymns and spiritual songs" alluded to by St. Paul. Christians exhorted to use them.

5. The prayers of the Church on St. Peter's delivery from prison, joined in with one accord, not mentally but audibly. (Acts iv. 23.)

IV. The practice of the Primitive Church. The Lord's Prayer used and called "The Prayer," "the appointed Prayer." Liturgies very ancient, some ascribed to St. James, St. Mark, and St. Peter.

V. Practical Lessons. To use this form reverently; to meditate upon its meaning; to pray with the heart, not merely to recite with the lips.

W. I. L.

GATHERINGS FROM SCIENCE,-No. III.

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.

THE Atmosphere is composed of air and of the clouds and vapours floating in it; it is a thin fluid, elastic, (in this it differs from other liquids) and surrounds the earth similar to an ocean. It extends forty-five miles above the earth. There is a great weight or pressure equal to fourteen pounds on every square inch of surface, on all things, animate and inanimate, sideways as well as downwards; heaviest nearest the earth, rarified higher up. A man of moderate stature, therefore, is subject to a pressure of upwards of thirteen tons, his body containing two thousand inches. We are insensible of this weight, all fluids pressing equally on all sides, and the opposite pressures counteracting each other. This external pressure is necessary to our existence, or the internal would distend the body, and finally burst it:-e. g., persons ascending great heights, surrounded by rarified air, the external pressure being less than the internal, their noses bleed, &c.

EXPERIMENTS.

1. The hand being placed over a vessel communicating with an air-pump, the air exhausted, the hand is bent by the pressure.

2. Cupping;-Air exhausted, the flesh rises, and blood flows from wounds previously made with lancets.

3. Suction;-Raising water by a straw or reed, air drawn out, water under, relieved of the pressure, rises in the straw, or reed. Toys called suckers adhere to the stone by this pressure. Side pressure; a large sucker placed against

a wall, it could not be pulled away by horses. Upward pressure, Insects can walk on smooth panes of glass or on the ceiling, of a room, with their bodies suspended, their feet being supplied with apparatus excluding the air between them and the surface; they are supported by the air against the force of gravitation. The Java lizard weighs six ounces, yet climbs walls by the same power. In the same manner, shell fish cling to rocks.

4. Vent holes to admit air necessary before liquids will run, e.g., hole in the tea-pot lid.

5. A wine-glass filled with water and covered with paper when inverted, the water and paper both supported by upward pressure. The barometer and common pump, both constructed on this principle.- Adapted from Collective Lessons.

W. I. L.

ONE fine Sunday afternoon in the summer, John Leily, a lad about fifteen years old, took a gun, and went to shoot pigeons. Towards evening, seeing some persons coming towards him, he attempted to elude discovery, by putting his gun over the fence, and standing before it. At this instant the gun discharged its whole contents in his side, near the last rib, and passed through his heart, and he fell lifeless to the ground. And what is very painful to record, he was a scholar in a Sunday school, and this was the first time he had been absent. Oh! my youthful reader, let this be a warning to you, and beware of the first step in a wrong path, for be assured that it will lead to ruin and disgrace, both in this world, and the next.

ST. CHRYSOSTOM.

(Continued from page 124,-No. 5.)

Ar the council held at Chalcedon, commonly called the Council of the Oak, from a fine oak tree which grew there, St. Chrysostom was summoned to appear, to answer above forty accusations that were brought against him. But the bishop refused to acknowledge the legality of the tribunal, and therefore, gave no heed to the summons. A second summons brought no St. Chrysostom. Consequently, Theophilus condemned him in his absence to be deposed and exiled. The people were highly enraged at this act of violence against their favourite bishop, and would have risen in a mass to defend him, and hinder his arrest, had he not himself, to prevent bloodshed, surrendered privately to the officers, who conducted him into Bithynia, in 403. A gloomy silence reigned in the Church at Constantinople; one night only had passed away, when by a terrible earthquake, God over awed the bishop's unjust accusers. "The voice of the people and the voice of God seemed to join in the vindication of Chrysostom." His restoration was demanded and complied with; and he was brought back triumphant to Constantinople by one of Eudoxia's own officers. Great rejoicings were the consequence; and the city was illuminated with thousands of torches. He reproved, and he encouraged as before; none of his zeal against the laxity of the times had abated, and he had soon as many enemies around him as ever. Eudoxia after his return, built a silver statue to herself, in front of the great Church of St. Sophia. Its inauguration was attended with

profligacy and unholiness. St. Chrysostom spoke warmly against these proceedings, and his words came to the ears of Eudoxia, who again calling in the aid of Theophilus, persuaded Arcadius to suspend the bishop. Another synod was convened, and St. Chrysostom was ordered to be transported tò Cucusas a small town in Armenia. Popular tumults arose, the great Church of St. Sophia, and the Senate House were burned to the ground. But the hand that lit the fire which burned all night, could not be discovered. Many were not backward to ascribe it to the avenging Hand of God, desirous to manifest His anger at the banishment of His minister.

Persecution still grieved the exiled bishop. His sufferings had already reduced him to a feeble expiring state, when a fresh order came to remove him to Pityus, a desolate place on the Euxine sea. Thither he was compelled to travel on foot beneath a scorching sun. This brought on a fever, and his cruel guardians were forced to carry him into a road-side chapel dedicated to St. Basiliscus. Here he received his release, departing this life, September 14, a.ð. 407.

He was a voluminous author; a large portion of his works, are still extant, and are remarkable for their practical application. Thirty years after his death, his remains were brought to Constantinople, and re-interred with great pomp and ceremony by Theodosius the Second. Great grief was felt by all true Christians when it was known, that the Church had lost so illustrious a man, and so faithful a bishop.

Repentance is the greatest business we have to do in this world, and the only harbinger we can send before us to provide for our accomodation in the next.-Clarendon,