monest articles in the Department's adulteration records. On trial this company was fined twenty dollars. One shipment, in very likely one hundred, had been detected. If the company's profits on that one shipment were not twenty dollars, probably it would not have undertaken the illegal act for which it was prosecuted. It was still, let us say, ninety-nine shipments to the good after it had paid its fine. Except for conscience, why shouldn't it continue to adulterate?

Even conscience does not always seem so keen or so potent among the good as one might expect. "Why, it's the custom of the trade," says the reputable and highly esteemed manufacturer, when his attention is called to the fact that he is shipping acetic acid for "pure cider vinegar." "It's the trade name for it."

But, when a firm can go into court, plead nolo contendere to a charge of shipping adulterated cordials, pay a fine of twenty-five dollars and resume business at the old stand, the Law as a restraining factor seems to amount to still less. One firm in the Southern District of Ohio did that five times in two years. Once it stood trial and was fined fifty dollars, so experiment proving that nolo contendere was the more economical, that plea was resumed. But nowhere appeared an indication that the fine was regarded as much more than a license fee to operate on the same principle that disorderly resorts in various cities used to go to court the first day of each month and pay fines; after which for a month their doors swung to and fro without interference for commerce.

In some instances the Law and the alluring phrase "Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906, Serial No....." encourage and to some extent protect the very practices we are trying to abolish.

On November 14, 1911, five years. after the Law was passed, the Department began an action against a water company in St. Louis for shipping five hundred and forty cases, each containing one dozen bottles, of a water labeled ...California's Natural Medical Spring Water from the ....... Springs Water Company, California."

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The Department went after this priceless boon to mankind and seized a lot that analysis showed to contain-well, what do you imagine?

Why, "excremental material of animal origin" and "filthy, decomposed, and putrid animal substances."

The ending of this amazing case may still further startle you. The company admitted the Government's allegations, and the empty bottles were returned to the claimant!

You might infer that nobody would be much deterred by the operation of the Law in this case, either.

Well, then-what? How are we to secure wholesome food for the people at large since it is apparent we are not securing it in this way?

To that question the only answer is that nothing is now left to be tried except either a change in our governmental structure of 1787, so as to allow the Nation to care for its own health in a rational way, or else an identical state law adopted by all the States and vigorously and equally enforced.

The latter plan would enable the experiment of inspecting and of controlling manufacture to be tried freely, which in the view of experts is the essential remedy for the present slipshod expedients.

But before we can get the uniform state law the Supreme Court must show a disposition to keep its hands off, or the Food and Drugs Act of June 30, 1906, must be repealed, for it is a bar to a uniform state law and in that respect appears as the worker of unforeseen mischief.

Wisconsin passed a pure food law that in the view of those best informed met every requirement of the case, but the Supreme Court at the October term, 1912, knocked it out, on the ground that it interfered with the Statute of the United States of June 30, 1906, entitled

NEW "MOVIE" MARVEL

AT

T the military school at Joinville, France, an apparatus is being used to analyze the movements of soldiers with a view to increasing their efficiency. It is the invention of a Frenchman named Marly and breaks up the movements of persons into any desired number of parts, recording all the successive images on the same plate. It enables the human eye to catch details impossible to be seen in the ordinary way, because it conveys to the retina distinct impressions, rather than a single visualized whole. The pictures so taken are of great value to artists, anatomists, and others who make a study of the human body.

NOT AN ACROBATIC FEAT-ONLY ONE MAN LEAPING A VAULTING-HORSE, AS INTERPRETED BY M. MARLY'S NEW MOVING PICTURE SYSTEM

A MAN MAKING A SERIES

the high seas, and that these are Atlantic and Pacific liners and do not go through the Canal! Granted, as Luther Conant, the Commissioner of Navigation, avers, that all the United States steamers of the coastal trade are barred

SHIPS

waii, which is really only a coastal trade; and this line may come under the railroad clause.

Suppose Uncle Sam hasn't a single ship to go through Panama! What of it? Why not let the foreign carriers take the traffic?

from using Panama Canal. (This, because all our coastal steamers are under railroad control-directly or indirectly-and therefore, forbidden by law to take advantage of the new route.) Granted that Uncle Sam will have few, if any, ships ready to use Panama Canal-perhaps, a line of three to the west coast of South America, ships that have hitherto sailed under foreign flags; perhaps. another line of eighteen to Ha

fic from two hundred per cent to three hundred per cent. Cotton that was formerly twelve cents, is now forty-five cents; and a similar advance tariff has been levied on everything that Uncle Sam imports or exports. Second: Foreign carriers last year paid dividends of from seven per cent to twenty-five per cent from the carrying of Uncle Sam's traffic. American railroads cannot pay such dividends. A United States Marine would pay its own cost in four years, and keep those dividends at home."

Third: Uncle Sam's traffic now amounts to the enormous total of four billions a year. The ocean freight on this comes to almost half a billion yearly, and must be paid to Europe in gold. This, annually, drains gold from the United States and causes tight money.

Fourth: Foreigners build and operate their ships forty per cent cheaper than Uncle Sam. In England, the great shipbuilding country, there are one hundred and forty thousand skilled shipyard workers and two hundred thousand sailors of the high seas. These men draw wages forty per cent cheaper than Uncle Sam's wages. To permit foreigners to monopolize the handling of all United States foreign trade is to subsidize cheap foreign labor against high priced American labor. Fifth: Foreigners carrying Uncle Sam's trade convey their cargoes of grain, cotton, and apples, as well as various manufactured articles, to their own foreign markets, where the profits of re-selling are won by the foreign market. This profit belongs to Uncle Sam; but he can secure it only by having his own delivery cart to his own customers. And only by having his own delivery cart

"IN THREE YEARS CANADA WILL BE EXPORTING MORE GRAIN AND FLOUR TO EUROPE THAN THE UNITED STATES DOES"

can he extend his foreign trade. Today, South American trade is practically monopolized by foreigners. Why? Because Uncle Sam has no ships of his own for direct trade. The same is true of Asia, of Africa, of the Baltic, of the Mediterranean, and of the Atlantic. Foreigners have, on all these waters, "closed pools"-that is, ship conferences from which an independent American outsider is excluded by "rebates", by "fighting lines" run at a loss, and by every other unscrupulous method used in cut-throat trade. Anyone wanting details of this cutthroat competition for Uncle Sam's traffic can

LUMBER CARRIERS TACOMA'S Oddly enough, they are

GRAIN VESSELS LOADING AT FORT WIL