Horace Greeley responded to repeated calls in a speech of many cautions. He was eloquent on what ought not to be done. This Convention should not appoint a time and place for nominating a National ticket. They must await developments. There was much anxiety among our friends in Washington." This meeting should simply agree to hold a Convention, appoint a strong National Committee, and let them fix the time and place.

Joshua R. Giddings answered "brother Greeley" very effectively. He was gratified to be permitted to address a Convention presided over by a son of the eminent Rufus King of New York. He urged the Convention to use its own judgment in the matter of making arrangements for the future, for "Washington was the last place on earth to look to for good advice." He was in favor of going right on with the work and illustrated his position by an anecdote: "There was a revival going on at a certain place out West. An old deacon who was interested in it had two sons, who were also workers in the cause. Joseph was one of the timid sort, and he prayed: ‘O Lord, Thou hast commenced a good work; do it well; let it move calmly along,' etc.; but John's whole heart was in it, and he prayed with unction: O Lord, Thou hast begun a good work here; and we pray Thee Thou wilt carry it on in Thine own way, and not mind what Joseph says about it."'

This raised a storm of laughter that put an end to Greeley's policy of caution and delay. Owen Lovejoy and William H. Gibson spoke in strains of confident fearlessness, which inspired all with determination and activity.

At the second session Simeon Draper, of New York, reported the Permanent Organi

zation as follows: President, Francis P. Blair, Sr., of Maryland; Vice-President for Ohio, Rufus P. Spalding; Secretaries, Russell Errett, of Pennsylvania, Daniel R. Tilden, of Ohio, Isaac Dayton, of New York, John C. Vaughan, of Illinois, and James W. Stone, of Massachusetts. Mr. Blair was escorted to the Chair by a committee consisting of Preston King, of New York, and Jacob Brinkerhoff, of Ohio. Instead of making a speech, Mr. Blair had an elaborate historical address read to the Convention from "The Republicans of Maryland to the Republicans of the Union." It was a powerful arraignment of the incompetency and dishonesty of the modern, as contrasted with the old-time, Democratic party.

A recess was taken to enable belated delegates to arrive. On reassembling a motion was made by John A. Foote to adjourn until eight o'clock. This was opposed by David Ripley, "the Saw-Log Orator" of New Jersey, who had been waitin' for ten days to get a chance to do somethin'. Besides, Mr. Blair could not preside at night."

It was finally agreed that no recess would be taken, but that a night session should be held, at which Governor Bingham, of Michigan, would preside. John A. Foote then announced that while at dinner he had received news of a break in the American Convention in Philadelphia, part of which had raised the Republican banner. Rounds of applause shook the walls, and cries of Reemelin!" "Reemelin!" brought that eloquent representative of the German element to the stand. He made an effective speech, and was listened to with great attention. "One of the main issues involved in the coming campaign," he said, "was that the people should rebuke

the official insolence of her accidental President." He discussed sectionalism, slavery, the Kansas question, and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and his sentiments were frequently and warmly applauded.

"Zach" Chandler made a brief speech, expressing grief at what some delegate from Ohio had said. "He could not say much for Ohio. It had some weak vessels, but as for Michigan, no State had ever been more ably represented at Washington. Her men furnished backbone for all Ohio."

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There were cries for Williamson," Passmore Williamson!" to which Chandler retorted, "I am not through yet."

Then speak the truth about Ohio," said John A. Foote, who followed him in an able but quite unnecessary defense, Ohio had plenty of backbone. She had elected Chase by 16,000 majority. Benighted Ashtabula had sent Giddings to Congress for twenty years, part of the time as the sole champion for freedom."

Mr. Chandler said he was "simply rubbing it in on John Scott Harrison and Oscar F. Moore, the anti-Nebraska Congressmen from Ohio, who wouldn't vote for Nathaniel P. Banks for Speaker."

Passmore Williamson, of Pennsylvania, was then introduced as the "victim of Judge Kane." He made no speech, but simply remarked that "circumstances had lifted his humble name into notice."

Judge Spalding addressed the Convention with characteristic vigor. They had to but meet the issues courageously and with moderation to be finally and completely successful. It might be necessary at first to go a little slow, but the reward would be glorious.

Don't let Abolitionists, Liberty men or Freesoilers be discouraged," he concluded, amid prolonged applause, "if the

resolutions of this Convention are not quite up to the pitch they are accustomed to."

At night Preston King and A. Oakey Hall, of New York, John C. Vaughan, of Illinois, but formerly of South Carolina and Ohio, and one of the most effective and able anti-slavery workers in the country, and Joshua R. Giddings were obliged to respond to repeated calls. Rev. Joshua Brewer, of Connecticut, C. H. Hawthorne, of Iowa, George W. Julian, of Indiana, and David Ripley, "from Jersey," also made eloquent addresses. The latter, a regular downEaster," whose platform was "Anti-Rum, Anti-Slavery and Anti-Devil," kept the vast audience in a roar until the close of the meeting. Mr. Giddings's peroration was greatly admired and applauded. It was as follows:

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"For the last twenty years it has been so often declared upon good authority that I am a fanatic that I had almost begun to believe it myself. But had I been told that I should live to witness a scene like this, I would have called my informant a fanatic. Years are condensed into hours when I see the progress the cause has made; but there is yet the consumation to be won by this generation. The pleasantest reflection of my life is that the contest with the Slave Power is drawing to a close. I now look forward to the time when, having fought the good fight, I can retire in peace to the bosom of my family, and, with a clear conscience of duty to my fellow men performed as best I knew, calmly await the summons to meet my God."

On Saturday morning, W. P. Sheehan, Vice President for New Jersey, took the Chair. A lengthy letter from Cassius M. Clay, of Kentucky, was read. He concurred in the objects of the Convention and drew a vivid contrast of the "barbarism, darkness and slow progress of the South under slavery, as compared with the mighty strides of the North, with her free schools and free labor."

George W. Julian, Chairman of the Committee on National Organization, reported that the majority of that Committee favored the holding of a Republican National Convention to nominate candidates for President and Vice President, at Harrisburg, on Wednesday, March 26, 1856. He also reported a provisional Republican National Committee, of which Edwin D. Morgan, of New York, was to be Chairman, and Alfred P. Stone the member from Ohio.

Rufus P. Spalding moved to strike out Harrisburg and insert Cincinnati, Cleveland or Philadelphia. If Pennsylvania was to be chosen he preferred Pittsburg or Philadelphia.

James Elliott favored Cincinnati on account, partly, of "the presence of superior reporters. The proceedings would be fully reported in English and German."

Judge Spalding finally withdrew Ohio from consideration and favored Philadelphia, which city was selected unanimously. Mr. Reemelin "opposed holding a Convention at all; it looked too much like following in the wake of the old parties."

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The time was then changed to a later date, -Tuesday, June 17th, Bunker Hill Day," and the basis of representation was fixed as six delegates at large for each State and three for each Congresssonal district. James M. Ashley moved to amend by making it two at large and one from each district, but his resolution was tabled and the report as amended was adopted.

Abijah Mann, Jr., of New York, Chairman of the Committee on Address, then reported. He said the Address was not the production of any member of the Committee, but had been prepared by an able and careful hand partly from their suggestions. It was devoted mainly to the paramount

issue, the admission of Kansas as a free State, and upheld the sentiment: "If the Government, by any authority it may assume, shall shed one drop of human blood in Kansas, that will be the end of human slavery."

There was great applause and cries of "repeat that," "repeat that,"—which the speaker did. The reading of the Address, which was written by the accomplished Henry J. Raymond, editor of the New York Times, occupied about two hours.

Judge Spalding then said: "Mr. President, I move the unanimous adoption of the Address and Resolutions, without discussion, and, that being done, that we give nine cheers for the party."

Mr. Reemelin: "Speaking in behalf of the German people of Cincinnati, I think that class could be more easily won if the Address took a more definite position against Americanism, falsely so called, but I shall not ask a change now. I second the motion." The motion was unanimously carried.

This address closed with the following statement of the need for a new party, and as it was adopted by the Convention, practically without opposition, it may properly be styled the first National Republican platform :

We do, therefore, declare to the people of the United States, as objects for which we unite in polittcal action:

1. We demand and shall attempt to secure the repeal of all laws which allow the introduction of slavery into territories once consecrated to freedom, and will resist by every constitutional means the existence of slavery in any of the territories of the United States.

2. We will support, by every lawful means, our brethren in Kansas in their constitutional and manly resistance to the usurped authority of their lawless invaders, and will give the full weight of our political