publicans were declared elected: Frederick Bader, James F. Bailey, Henry Brockman, John Eggers, Thomas W. Graydon, Robert Harlan, Walter Hart. pence, Theodore F.Neiman, Oliver Outcalt and Byron S. Wydman.

Hancock-Absalom P. Byal.
Hardin-William C. Ingman.
Harrison-George M. Patton.

Henry-John V. Cuff.

Highland-David M. Barrett.
Hocking--Carl H. Buerhaus.
Holmes-Thomas Armor.

Huron-Watson D. Johnston.

Jackson-Benjamin F. Kitchen.

Jefferson-Benjamin L. Linduff.

Knox-John S. Braddock.

Lawrence-William B. Tomlinson.

Licking-James Lisle.

Logan-William W. Beatty.

Lorain-George G. Washburne.

Lucas-Orville S. Brumbach and John H. Puck.
Madison-Daniel Boyd.

Mahoning-Alexander Dickson.

Marion-Boston G. Young.

Medina-Cornelius N. Lyman.

Meigs-Walter W. Merrick.

Mercer-Charles M. Le Blond.

Miami-Noah H. Albaugh.

Monroe-Henry Lyons.

Montgomery--Oscar F. Edwards, Martin Eidemil

ler and James Turner.

Morgan-Leroy S. Holcomb.

Morrow-George Kreis.

Muskingum-Elijah Little and David Stewart.

Noble-Thomas C. Williams.

Ottawa-William Habbeler.

Perry-Joseph G. Huffman.
Pickaway-Wesley Work.
Pike-Isaac Austill.

Portage-Friend Whittlesey.
Preble-Andrew L. Harris.
Putnam-Amos Boehmer.
Richland-James E. Howard.
Ross John C. Entrekin.
Sandusky-J. R. Francisco.
Scioto-Daniel J. Ryan.

Seneca-Elisha B. Hubbard.

Shelby-Phanuel Hunt.

Stark-Leander C. Cole and John McBride.

Summit-Frank M. Green.

Trumbull-Mark Ames and Thomas H. Stewart.

Tuscarawas -Francis Ankeny.

Union-Jesse L. Cameron.

Van Wert-Elias F. Johnson.

Vinton--Thomas F. McClure.
Warren-Seth W. Brown.
Washington-John Strecker, Jr.
Wayne John W. Baughman.
Williams Solomon Johnson.
Wood Elijah P. Emerson.
Wyandot-Matthias A. Smalley.

Robert Patterson Kennedy, Lieutenant Governor, has been a lifelong resident of Bellefontaine, Ohio, where he was born January 23, 1840. He was educated in the schools of that place, graduating at the city high school in 1857. He was in Yale College when Fort Sumter was fired upon and immediately returned home, enlisting in Company F, Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was elected Second Lieutenant. The regiment was sent to West Virginia and young Kennedy was made superintendent of the construction of some forts near Fayetteville. January 29, 1862, he was commissioned First Lieutenant and assigned to General Scammon's staff. October 13, 1862, he was appointed Assistant Adjutant General on the staff of General George Crook, with the rank of Captain. He was on the staff of General Kenner Girard for a time and then again transferred to General Crook's staff, with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He also served on He also served on General William S. Hancock's staff, was brevetted Brigadier General April 13, 1865. and mustered out of service, September 23, 1865. He returned to Bellefontaine and studied law with Judge West, and was admitted to the bar in 1866. In 1878 he was appointed Collector of Internal Revenue by President Hayes, in which position he continued until 1883. In October, 1885, he was elected Lieutenant Governor, and while serving in that office was nominated and elected to Congress. He was reelected and served until 1892. At present he is

editor of the Daily and Weekly Index, in Bellefontaine.

Thaddeus Armstrong Minshall, Judge of the Supreme Court, was born near Hallsville, Ross County, Ohio, January 19, 1834. The original Minshall family in America were Quakers who came from England. The mother of Thaddeus died in 1841 and he was compelled to shift for himself. In 1844 he found employment in a woolen mill, continuing at that occupation for six years. He secured such education secured such education as opportunities afforded in the country schools and also attended Mount Pleasant Academy at Kingston, Ohio. At the age of twenty he began to teach school, occupying his leisure moments in studying law, and was admitted to the bar in 1861. He enlisted April 20, 1861. as a private in Company C, Twenty-second Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out after four months' service as Sergeant Major. He re-enlisted October 14, 1861, in Company H, Thirtythird Regiment, and served as Captain for three years, having been mustered out in October, 1864. At the close of the war he began the practice of law at Chillicothe and was elected Prosecuting Attorney of Ross County. In October, 1877, he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas to fill a vacancy, and was reelected for the full term in 1878 and again in 1883. When Judge George W. McIlvaine resigned from the Republican State ticket in 1885 as a candidate for Judge of the Supreme Court, the vacancy was filled by the State Committee in selecting Judge Minshall. He was elected that year, as he was in 1890 and again in 1895, and is now upon the bench, his term not ending until 1901.

William T. Spear, Supreme Judge, was born on the Western Reserve, in Warren,

Trumbull County, Ohio, June 3, 1834. His ancestry can be traced back to the Puritans, his parents settling in Ohio in 1819. William attended the poor boy's college the public school-and being dependent mainly upon his own resources, learned the printing trade, pursuing that vocation in Pittsburg and New York, becoming a proofreader in the latter city. He acted as deputy Probate Judge and deputy County Clerk while studying law, ending his course by a term at Harvard Law School, from which he graduated in 1859. He returned to Warren and was admitted to the bar, and in 1871 and 1873 was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1873 and 1875 was City Solicitor of Warren. In 1878 he was elected to preside over the Court of Common Pleas and reelected in 1884. During his second term, in 1885, he was elected to the Supreme Bench of the State to fill the unexpired term of Judge John W. Okey, and was reelected in 1887, and again in 1892. His present term of service will end with the closing of the year 1898.

Jacob Adams Kohler, Attorney General, is a native of Reading, Pennsylvania, where he was born August 15, 1835. When but four months old his parents removed to Franklin Township, Summit County, Ohio. He received his education in the district schools and at Lodi Academy and, in 1859,

was admitted to the bar, and has since served as Prosecuting Attorney of the county for two terms. In 1883 he was elected to the General Assembly as a Representative, and in 1885 elected Attorney General of the State. In 1895 he was chosen Common Pleas Judge, which office he now holds.

of Public Works, was born in Paxton Township, Ross County, Ohio, and was the third in a family of eight children. His parents were both Virginians. He lived at his father's home until he reached his majority, when he went to McLean County, Illinois, remaining two years. Returning to Ohio, he studied medicine and graduated at Starling Medical College, at Columbus, in 1856, commencing practice in Jasper, Pike County. In September, 1861, he recruited Company A, Fifty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and at Pittsburg Landing was promoted to the Colonelcy for gallant conduct. He participated actively with his command all through the year 1863 until winter, when they returned to Scottsboro, Alabama, and remained for several months. In the spring and summer of 1864 he participated in Sherman's campaign against Atlanta, and, after its capture, joined in that famous march to the sea and was actively engaged in the war from that time until Lee's surrender. On March 13, 1865, he was brevetted Brigadier General of United States Volunteers for "gallant and meritorious services." He was mustered out with his Brigade at Little Rock, Arkansas, August 11, 1865, and returned to Waverly, Ohio, and resumed the practice of medicine. Being an outspoken cratic, he was often drafted to lead the party Republican in a county strongly Demoby taking nominations for county offices.

He was also a candidate for State Senator and for Congress, but was defeated for nomination. In 1869 he was appointed Internal Revenue Assessor by President Grant and held the office four years, or until it was abolished. In 1885 and in 1888 he was elected Member of the State Board of Public Works. He is now a prosperous farmer

AT

T the election in 1885 the result in Hamilton County was very close and notoriously bold frauds were committed in some precincts in Cincinnati-notably in Precinct A, Fourth Ward. There enough fictitious names and tallies were added to the pollbook to give after deducting some tallies from the Republicans, a majority in the county to about all the Democratic candidates, including those for both branches of the General Assembly. There had been some trouble at the polls in the precinct during the day, but that was nothing very unusual for the locality, and the election had been conducted fairly well, the count having been completed previous to the commission of the forgery. After adding the names and tallies the original totals, which of themselves were in excess of the vote actually cast, were altered by changing the figures seven in the hundreds column of the Democratic vote to nines. The alteration was so clumsily done that, after the loop had been written over them, the sevens could still be distinguished, and, in the hurry incident to the occasion, the total of a minor candidate was overlooked altogether, remaining as previously written. This was the last precinct to report, having been held back purposely, and its vote was sufficient to give every Democratic legislative candidate a majority. The in

was very close and notori

From the

crease of nearly fifty per cent in the Democratic vote in this ward, and the delay in the count, at once aroused suspicion, and investigation immediately disclosed the fraud. Notwithstanding this, the County Clerk, who was himself a beneficiary, as a candidate for reelection, summoned to his aid two magistrates of his own faith and together they canvassed the vote, giving certificates of election to the Democratic State Senators and Representatives. other districts of the State seventeen Republican and sixteen Democratic Senators were elected. When the General Assembly met in January the Republicans refused to recognize the four Democrats from Hamilton County as having been elected, but they were sworn in, and on a motion to reject their credentials as invalid, voted for themselves and were counted with the other Democratic members. After Lieutenant Governor Kennedy assumed his duties as President of the Senate there was much confusion and direct conflict between the contending parties. He refused to recognize the four Democrats from Hamilton County as legal members of the General Assembly. Senator Pavey, of Fayette, was of great assistance to the President by holding the floor and talking against time when such proceedings were deemed necessary, thus originating the saying much quot

ed by the newspapers of the day- Pavey has the floor." In consequence of this trouble nothing but routine business was transacted, the Republicans watching for an opportunity to unseat the "usurpers," while the Democrats were equally as determined to prevent any such movement. This struggle for supremacy occupied the greatest part of the session. The point turned on the question whether the proceedings should be against the four members individually or as a body. The Democrats contended that in each case the three others could vote on the credentials of the fourth, while the Republicans claimed that as they were representing the same district and the election of all was disputed, they must necessarily under such circumstances be considered collectively. Meanwhile the Republican candidates from Hamilton County displaced their Democratic opponents in the House. In the Senate, by mutual consent, a non-partisan committee of six was appointed to investigate the charges of fraud. On April 29th two conflicting reports were presented to the Senate and May 5th was the date set for their consideration. Anticipating that President Kennedy's rulings would be adverse to them, and to prevent a quorum and also to escape from the jurisdiction of any authorized officer who might serve them with a summons to appear in the Senate chamber, all but one of the Democratic Senators left in a body, under cover of the darkness of the night of May 5th, ostensibly on a "junketing tour" through the South. Senator Aaron R. Van Cleaf, of Pickaway, who had been left behind to watch the actions of the Republican members, was caught off his guard after a few days' observation and the four Hamilton County Republicans were sworn in and

This

seated in place of the Democrats. ended the exciting scenes witnessed in the Senate chamber daily for nearly four months, and gave the Republicans twentyone members, or two more than the necessary quorum. They immediately proceeded to business, the Senate as then constituted being recognized by the House. Some of the Democratic employes were displaced by Republicans by the time the Democratic members returned from their Southern trip, on May 19th, but the four Hamilton County Democrats made no further attempt to act as Senators, although the case was subsequently carried to the Supreme Court and decided against them. Though not intended by the originators, the beneficent results of the fraud were a nonpartisan police force for Cincinnati and the enactment of a registration law for the larger cities of the State, followed, after a satisfactory trial, by similar laws for smaller cities, and finally by a form of the Australian ballot and later by its improvement and the further strengthening of the election laws in later years.

John Sherman was elected United States. Senator on Tuesday, January 12th, for the term beginning March 4, 1887, receiving the votes of all the Republican members of both branches of the General Assembly. Allen G. Thurman received the votes of the Democratic members, including the four from Hamilton County. On the evening of January 14th, Senator Sherman was given a public reception in the Senate chamber by the members of the Legislature.

This Legislature, in addition to redistricting the State, enacted what is known as the Dow Liquor Law, which taxed the business of trafficking in intoxicating liquors $200 yearly, or for the vending of beer and wine