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unless you need a man of war, to thunder at the foe, that shows a flag, upon the shore, where freemen dwell: and, then, you take no willow, in its daintiness and gracefulness; but that old, hardy, storm-stayed and storm-strengthened, oak. So are the men made, that will make a State.

The men, to make a State, are themselves made by obedience. Obedience is the health of human hearts: obedience to God; obedience, to father and to mother, who are, to children, in the place of God; obedience, to teachers and to masters, who are in the place of father and of mother; obedience, to spiritual pastors, who are God's ministers; and to the powers that be, which are ordained of God. Obedience is but self-government, in action: and he can never govern men, who does not govern, first, himself. Only such men can make a State. The education that would make the men, to make a State, must make them so, by faith, and self-denial, and obedience. Faith, that asks never, why; but trusts, and does: self-denial, that makes hardships helps to duty, and holdfasts on honour; bears fire or frost, so duty call, with equal disregard; and conquers, by endurance: and obedience, that, in doing honour to the law, does honour to itself; sees God, in all who represent Him, in the godlike work of human government; and counts them only freemen, who are freemen of the truth and duty. I venture not to say, that, in this College, we do these things, always, so: but I do say, that we ought to; that they are our arm of strength and crown of glory, as we do them, in the sight of God,

VOL. IV.-16

and for His name; and that, so certain as we fail them, we ourselves shall fail, and shall deserve to.

And, for the marks of men, that are to make a State. I see them, in the ingenuous boy. He looks right at you, with his clear, calm eye. The glow, that mantles on his cheek, is of no kin with shame: it is but virtue's colour, spreading from his heart. You know that boy, in absence, as in presence. The darkness is not dark to him; for God's eye lightens it. He is more prompt to own, than do, a wrong; and readier, for amendment, than for either. There is nothing possible, for which you may not count on him; and nothing good, that is not possible, to him, and God.

I see them, in the earnest boy. His heart is all a-throb, in all his hand would do. His keen eye fixes on the page of Homer, or of Euclid, or of Plato; and never wavers, till it sees right through it, and has stored its treasures, in the light of his clear mind. His foot has wings, for every errand of benevolence or mercy. And, when you see the bounding ball fly highest, and fall farthest from the stand, and hear the ringing shout, that is the signal of its triumph; you may be sure that it was his strong arm, that gave that ball the blow.

I see them, in the reverential boy. He never sits, where elders stand. His head is never covered, when superiors pass; or, when his mother's sex is by. He owns, in every house, at every hour, of prayer, a present God. INGENUOUS, EARNEST, REVERENTIAL, BOYS: these are our marks, of men, to make a State.

"What constitutes a State?

Not high-raised battlements, or laboured mound,
Thick walls, or moated gate;

Not cities proud, with spires and turrets crowned,
Not bays, and broad-armed ports,

Where, laughing at the storm, rich navies ride;
Not starred and spangled court,

Where low-browed baseness wafts perfume to pride.
No. Men, high minded men.

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Men, who their duties know,

But know their rights; and, knowing, dare maintain;

Prevent the long-aimed blow,

And crush the tyrant, while they rend the chain:

These constitute a State."

IV.

THE LIBERTY WHICH DWELLS WITH DUTY, THE ATMOSPHERE FOR CHRISTIAN FREEMEN.

* THE FOURTH FOURTH OF JULY ORATION AT BURLINGTON COLLEGE.

I SAW a hale and vigorous old man. The snows of seventy winters rested on his brow. But he stood up, like an old oak. His foot took hold of the firm earth, at every step. There was indomitable might, in the broad muscles of his free, right arm; and, in his glow. ing cheek, and genial eye, summer and autumn more than held their ground, with winter's rugged reign. I looked and there was brought, to him, the helpless beauty of a new-born babe; to receive the blessing of a father's first and fondest kiss. It was his Benjamin: the son of his old age; "the son of his right hand."

The seventieth birth-day of this nation was the birthday of this College. It is an old man's child. But it is the child of the old man. And, in the way, it stands, and walks, and looks "right onward," and makes its mark on men, and asks no favours of the world, and

* A. D. 1850.

does its battle for the right, and shakes, from its young brow, all doubts, all difficulties, all disasters, "as dewdrops, from a lion's mane," it leaves no question open, as to who its father is. The youngest of the Colleges of America, we challenge, for it, in every deepest, every highest, sense, the name and character of an American College. We make no higher claim for it, we ask no more for it, from God, than, that there go from it, through all the ages, yet to come, in an increasing multitude, a line, that shall be worthy of its lineage; a line of Christian Freemen.

On this fourth birth-day of our College, and seventyfourth, of the Republic, the theme, which I have chosen, to promote this great and gracious end, is one, which well becomes the day, in both its aspects. As the national anniversary, it is the day to talk to Freemen. As the great feast day of our College, a sacred venture, in which more than life has been embarked, for Christ, and for His Gospel, in His Church, it speaks to them, as Christians. I combine the two, when I invite you, all to meditate with me this simple thought: THE LIBERTY WHICH DWELLS WITH DUTY, THE ATMOSPHERE FOR CHRISTIAN FREEMEN.

There is nothing easier, nor, as men account, more popular, than to harangue, of Liberty. At the mere name of it, the school-boy screams, the spruce-beer pops, the crackers fiz. Nay, bells are rung, and cannons roar, and men get drunk. Contemplate, with me, in one of our great cities, the aspects of Liberty, as the Fourthday of July annually reveals them. The liberty of

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