The tin-lined copper boiler has a capacity of 5 gallons, and from it 4 gallons of distilled water can be obtained in about two and a half hours; this allows the first quart of distillate, carrying with it

A is a tin-lined copper boiler. c is a galvanized jacket for supporting the boiler over the gas-burners, and it is attachable at B, B; it is also intended to act as a fiue to utilize the heat from the gas-burners on the sides of the boiler. H is a screw cover removable for filling or cleansing the boiler. F is the vapor-pipe from the boiler to the condensing coil, P, in the galvanized iron condensing tank, E, which is provided with an inlet for cold water at T, and an outlet for warm water at I. At G is a union for connecting the vapor-pipe with the condensing coil. s is the outlet for the condensed water, and x is the receiving vessel. Jis a perforated ring resting on the jacket, and K are vent holes in the ring through which the exhausted gases pass off. o is a removable cover for cleansing the condensing tank. R is a faucet for drawing off the water from the condensing tank. L, L, L, are the gas-burners, and N the iron frame supporting the apparatus and burners. M is a gas cock for regulating the supply of gas to the burners.

all volatile matter, to be rejected, and also retains a quart of water in the boiler. The rapid vaporization of the water in the boiler is effected by means of four rose burners consuming jointly about 25 cubic feet of gas per hour, the generated heat being all utilized on the

bottom and sides of the boiler, which is surrounded by a galvanized iron jacket, as shown in the illustration. The vapor-pipes passing from the boiler, and the condensing coil, are both heavily lined with pure block tin, thus avoiding contact of the water with any other metal. There is no pressure on any part of the apparatus, the vapor being condensed as fast as generated and the distillate passing rapidly into the receiving vessel. Larger sizes of the Curran water still are made for use with gas or coal, delivering, according to the manufacturers' statements, which are guaranteed, from 4 to 10 gallons of distilled water per hour.

CHAPTER XIV.

THE OFFICIAL SOLUTIONS OR LIQUORS.

THE term Liquor as used in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia is generally applied to aqueous solutions of non-volatile substances. The exceptions are Liquor Ammonii Acetatis, completely volatilized by boiling; Liquor Antisepticus, a hydro-alcoholic solution of volatile substances; Liquor Chlori Compositus, an aqueous solution of gaseous substances, containing also a small quantity of non-volatile matter; Liquor Formaldehydi, an aqueous solution of gaseous formaldehyde; Liquor Iodi Compositus, from which all the iodine can be volatilized by boiling, and much of it at even lower temperature. In Europe the term is indiscriminately applied to alcoholic, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic solutions of non-volatile and volatile inorganic and organic matter. Twenty-five liquors are officially recognized, and of these 10 are made by simple solution of the medicinal agent in the solvent, while 15 involve chemical action in their preparation. The official liquors may therefore be conveniently divided into two groups, as follows:

1. Simple Solutions.-The active ingredient is added directly to the water.

Latin Name.

English Name.

Composition.

Diluted Solution of

Lead Subacetate

Solution of Lead Subacetate,
Distilled Water,

40 Gm. 960 Gm.

Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus

(Lead Water).

Liquor Potassii Hy- J Solution of Potas

droxidi

(Potassium Hydroxide (85 per cent. strength),

sium Hydroxide Distilled Water,

60 Gm. 940 Gm.

Liquor Sodii Hydrox- ( Solution of Sodi- (Sodium Hydroxide (90 per cent. um Hydroxide Distilled Water,

idi.

strength,

56 Gm. 944 Gm.

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis {Solution of Sodi-Sodium Arsenate (anhydrous), 1 Gm. Distilled Water, sufficient to um Arsenate

2. Chemical Solutions.-The active ingredient is formed in the process of manufacture, as the result of chemical action.

Solution of Ammo- ( Made by dissolving 5 Gm. of ammo

nium carbonate in 100 Cc. of diluted acetic acid. Contains about 7 per cent. of ammonium acetate. Made by adding Hydrochloric Acid, 18 Cc., diluted with Water, 20 Cc., to Potassium Chlorate, granulated, 5 Gm. contained in a flask, heating for 2 or 3 minutes, and then adding two successive portions of 500 Cc. of distilled water. The solution, when freshly prepared, contains about 0.4 per cent. of chlorine, with some oxides of chlorine and potassium chloride.

Made by incorporating Cresol, 500 Gm., with a mixture of Potassium Hydroxide, 80 Gm., dissolved in Water, 50 Cc., and Linseed Oil, 350 Gm. Finally, sufficient water is added to bring the total weight up to 1000 Gm.

Made from iron wire, hydrochloric acid, and water, with the aid of nitric acid. Contains not less than 29 per cent. of anhydrous ferric chloride. (Solution of IronMade by mixing tincture of ferric

and Ammonium
Acetate (Ba-
sham's Mixture)

Solution of Ferric
Subsulphate
(Monsel's Solu-

chloride, solution of ammonium acetate, diluted acetic acid, aromatic elixir, glycerin, and water.

Made by adding ferrous sulphate to a heated mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids and water. Contains basic ferric sulphate corresponding to not less than 13.57 per cent. of metallic iron.

Made like the preceding solution, except that a larger proportion of sulphuric acid is used. Contains about 36 per cent. of normal ferric sulphate.

Made by dissolving red mercuric oxide in a mixture of nitric acid and water. Contains about 60 per cent. of mercuric nitrate.