by China on one condition, namely, the maintenance of China's sovereignty in its entirety. Hsin Shen Pao (Shanghai): With reference to the Shantung question, it is said that the United States is mediating, and that Great Britain has also stretched out a helping hand. We welcome impartial countries taking an active friendly interest in the matter. But mediation usually ends in compromise. The question is: Will the compromise be acceptable to China while it is satisfactory to Japan? China does not oppose signing the treaty with Germany. What we ask is justice. China will readily sign the peace treaty if the Japanese delegates would simply adhere to the principles of justice. The question whether China is going to sign the treaty or not depends entirely on the character of the settlement proposed by the mediators. Sin Wan Pao (Shanghai): In view of the offer of the United States and Great Britain to mediate, Japan now declares she will restore Tsingtau to China if China signed the peace treaty. Such a promise we have heard again and again. The first one was made on the declaration of war by Japan against the Germans at Tsingtau but today Tsingtau is still in the hands of the Japanese. Is it not a ridiculous attempt in repeating the same old trick? China's sovereignty in Shantung is not to be limited to the possession of Tsingtau. It must be remembered that we cannot accept any settlement which restores Tsingtau to China while depriving her of the other concessions formerly granted to Germany. Sin Wan Pao (Shanghai): The reason why China refused to sign the peace treaty is because the Shantung settlement has caused us serious disappointment. The reason why the peace conference is unjust in making the decision and why China's claims are all refused is because of Japanese influence. If Japan is capable of exercising such influence at the world peace conference at which the eyes of the world are fixed, it can easily be imagined what her power will be if China tried to negotiate for a settlement direct with Japan. We are confident that it is not the free wish of the government to open direct negotiations with Japan, for the Japanese are a crafty race. It is impossible to take too careful precautions against the plots of our traitors who are willing to lend themselves to the Japanese. It is to be hoped that our government will refuse to listen to the cunning arguments of the traitors. At the same time let us hope that the people will urgently press for the conclusion of internal peace with the view of curbing the militarists. JAPANESE COMMENT ON SHANTUNG AND RACE MATTERS Jiji (Tokyo): After recapitulating the recent statement made by the Foreign Minister regarding Shantung, the Jiji says that except for the reference to the proposed establishment of a common settlement in Tsingtao instead of an exclusive Japanese settlement, as stipulated in the Sino-Japanese agreement, the latest statement regarding the disposal of Shantung is practically a repetition of what was previously declared to the world. time and again. In view of the misunderstandings entertained by some Chinese and foreigners, however, it was necessary to issue the statement. Yorodzu (Tokyo): "It is said that the statement of the Foreign Minister regarding Shantung clearly means the abandonment of an exclusive Japanese settlement in Tsingtao. Both the peace delegates and the government of Japan are powerless in the face of Chinese propaganda, and it is now proposed to abandon the fruits of the efforts made in Kiaochow. It may also be said that the wanton debate in the U. S. Senate has had its effect against Japan. The Japanese diplomatic authorities are thus making themselves doubly responsible for their inefficiency. The people believe that their interests will be best served if the present authorities step down." Yamato (Tokyo): "In our opinion, however, it is more proper to say that the latest declaration of Japan is due to the wishes of the United States than to say that it is designed to redeem the foolish blunders committed by China. Some foolish men in the U. S. Senate slandered Japan, charging her with intending to occupy Shantung permanently, and together with some foolish. Chinese, strongly denounced Japan. As the U. S. State Department once recklessly pledged itself to assist the Chinese, for this reason it was powerless to exercise control over the preposterous fulminations in the Senate. It seems that the State Department has expressed the wish that the Japanese government will repeat its declaration regarding the restoration of Shantung to China. "The foolish men in the U. S. Senate cannot be judged by common sense, as is pointed out by the American newspapers lately. Mr. Lodge did not utter a word in the Senate when Germany occupied Kiaochow, nor did he say anything regarding Shantung when Japan joined the war and the Sino-Japanese agreement was concluded regarding the disposal of Shantung. Yet he suddenly began to fulminate regarding the Shantung settlement. We can only ridicule the lack of common sense displayed by him. "Those foolish Americans insist on what they call the Monroe Doctrine, yet they meddle in Oriental questions. Before the faces of those Americans racial riots have occurred, and they are unable to rise to the occasion. We shall not say anything regarding the attitude of the U. S. State Department, which has asked for a repetition of Japan's declaration out of deference to the wishes of such Americans. "The present declaration, however, is different from the previous ones in that it proposes to establish a common settlement instead of an exclusive one for the Japanese. This proposal should not be passed unnoticed. Such a concession on the part of Japan should be made conditional on all exclusive settlements in other places in China being abolished. If an exclusive settlement is not to be established in Kiaochow alone, it means a diplomatic humiliation and a dishonor of Japan." CHINESE PRESS ON THE TREATY From the Shih Shih Hsin Pao (Shanghai)-Let us remember also that the American people are in sympathy with us. President Taft says that American interests in the Far East are of far greater importance than those in Mexico. Let us also bear in mind that every one of the American peace delegates is opposed to the decision of the Three Powers. We are opposed by three men, but we are supported by the whole world. If we decide to fight for our interests, no amount of pressure can prevent us from regaining Shantung. From the Min Kuo Fin Pao (Shanghai)-The people of the whole country were aware of its precarious condition. They did not seem to know, however, that it was their duty to save it. The movement of the students has created the general impression that it is every one's duty to save his own country. Some know perhaps that it is their duty, but few know how this duty should be performed. The students have outlined the things that should be done. The lead taken by the students should convince all that there is a broad road leading to national salvation, and along this road every citizen must travel. Let us sweep away all the obstacles and with united efforts accomplish what we have started out to do. From the Chung Hua Hsin Pao (Shanghai)—If we decide to sign away our own possessions and pass a sentence of death on Shantung it is safe to say that popular indignation will reach the highest possible degree. At the same time Japan is terrorizing the Peking government by asking if it is capable of suppressing the anti-Japanese movement. VOLUME 10 NUMBER 3 THE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (Continuing the Journal of Race Development) JANUARY, 1920 NATIONAL, RACIAL AND INTERNATIONAL SENTIMENTS. JAPANESE-CHI- 245 THE CAUCASUS: THE BRITISH WITHDRAWAL AND PRESENT CONDITIONS By E. A. Yarrow, Assistant to Chief of Staff, Near East Relief, Tiflis, Caucasus. 251 ROUMANIA VS. THE PEACE CONFERENCE By M. M. Knight, Ph.D., Historian, American Red Cross Commission to Roumania.. 256 JAPAN IN KOREA By Homer B. Hulbert, author of "The Passing of Korea;" 270 WILL THE UNRESTRICTED SELF-DETERMINATION OF ALL NATIONAL GROUPS BRING WORLD PEACE AND ORDER By Frank A. Golder, Ph.D., Professor of History in the State 278 THE SHANTUNG ISSUE By Payson J. Treat, Ph.D., Professor of History, Leland Stanford Junior University.. 289 SOME THOUGHTS ON THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAPANESE 313 THE QUESTION OF THRACE AT THE PEACE CONFERENCE By George M. Bolling, Professor of Greek Language and Literature, University of Ohio; and N. J. Cassavetes, Vice-President of the League of Friends of Greece..... THE QUESTION OF THRACE ... 337 By Constantine Stephanove, Professor in the University of 350 ISSUED QUARTERLY CLARK UNIVERSITY $3.00 A YEAR 75 CENTS A COPY Vice Chancellor J. MACMILLAN BROWN, LL.D... Christchurch, New Zealand Articles intended for publication, and all correspondence relating to the editorial department of the JOURNAL, should be addressed to Dr. George H. Blakeslee, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Books for review, exchanges, subscriptions, and all correspondence relating thereto should be addressed to Dr. Louis N. Wilson, Clark University Library, Worcester, Mass. Copyright, 1919, Clark University The printing of this number was completed March 8, 1920 |