Total U. S.... 93,346,543 77,165,937 63,069,756 16,151,132 20.9 13,142,412 22.7 *Decrease. *In 1899. Does not include soldiers and sailors stationed abroad. DECENNIAL INCREASE OF POPULATION. Census. Population. Increase. Per cent. Continental United States. 1800.. 5,308,483 1,379,269 35.1 3,929.214 INCREASE (1900-1910). Number. 960,664 Per ct. 17.2 .3,861,214 25.0 2,265,040 14.2 1,290,498 12.5 1820.. 1810... 9,638,453 25.5 New England. CENTER OF POPULATION AND MEDIAN LINES. The center of population, according to the bureau of the census, may be said to represent the center of the gravity of the population. If the surface of the United States be considered as a rigid plane without weight, capable of sustaining the population distributed thereon, individuals being assumed to be of equal weight, and each, therefore, to exert a pressure on any supporting pivotal point directly proportional to his distance from the point, the pivotal point on which the plane balances would, of course, be its center of gravity, and this is the point re. ferred to by the term "center of population" as used by the census bureau in its reports. The median point, which may be described as the numerical center of population, is in no sense a center of gravity. In determining the median point distance is not taken into account, North Census latitude. and the location of the units of population is considered only in relation to the intersecting median lines-as being north or south of the median parallel and east and west of the meridian. West longitude. D. year. M. S. D. M. S. 1790....39 16 30 76 11 1800....39 16 6 76 56 1810....39 11 77 37 1820....39 78 33 1830....38 57 54 79 16 1840....39 1850....38 59 0 81 19 0 1860....39 24 82 48 1870....39 12 0 83 35 1880....39 4 8 84 39 1890....39 11 56 85 32 1900....39 9 36 85 48 1910....39 10 12 86 32 20 5 42 2 0 80 18 Approximate location by important towns. 12..23 miles east of Baltimore, Md.. 30..18 miles west of Baltimore, Md. 12..40 miles northwest by west of Washington, D. C. 0.16 miles north of Woodstock, Va.. 54..19 miles west-southwest of Moorefield, W. Va.*. 0..16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va.*. 0..23 miles southeast of Parkersburg, W. Va.*.... 48.20 miles south of Chillicothe, O... 42..48 miles east by north of Cincinnati, O.. 40..8 miles west by south of Cincinnati, O. 53..20 miles east of Columbus, Ind.. 54.6 miles southeast of Columbus, Ind.. 20. In the city of Bloomington, Ind.. *West Virginia formed part of Virginia until 1863. MEDIAN LINES. In connection with the definition of the median point another method of presenting facts with regard to the geographical distribution of the population has been noted, involving the location of median lines. A parallel of latitude is determined which evenly divides the population so that the population north of that parallel is the same as that south. Similarly, a meridian of longitude is determined which divides the population evenly as between east and west. In calculating these median lines it is necessary. in the case of the square degrees of latitude and longitude which are traversed by the lines themselves, to assume that the population is evenly distributed through these square degrees or to make an estimated adjustment where this is obviously not the case. The eastern terminus of the median parallel, according to the census of 1910, is on the New Jersey coast near Seagirt. In its course west this line passes through central New Jersey, leaving the state near Burlington and entering Pennsylvania a few miles north of Philadelphia, thence passing through Norristown and continu Movement in miles during -preceding decade. Direct West- North-Southline. ward. ward. ward. 50.5 50.1 40.6 40.6 36.9 36.5 0.5 5.3 6.7 ing through southern Pennsylvania and across the northern extremity of West Virginia, leaving the latter state at a point a few miles north of Wheeling. It nearly bisects Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, crossing about ten miles north of Columbus, O.; twenty-five miles north of Indianapolis. Ind., and about twenty miles north of Springfield, Ill. Through Missouri it runs about thirty miles south of the lowa and Missouri line. thence passing through Nebraska about ten miles north of its southern boundary, and across the northern part of Colorado, passing about five miles north of Boulder City. Its location in Utab is about forty-five miles south of Salt Lake City. There are no large towns near its course across the northern part of Nevada and California. The western terminus of the median parallel is on the Pacific coast, in Humboldt county, California, about five miles north of Point Delgada and twenty miles south of Cape Mendocino, the point of continental United States extending farthest west. The median meridian starts at Whitefish point. on the northern peninsula of Michigan, near the eastern end of Lake Superior, thence passing south about twenty-five miles west of Lansing and through Indiana about ten miles west of the Indiana Ohio boundary and twenty-five miles west of Cincinnati. South of the Ohio river it bisects Kentucky, crosses eastern Tennessee and leaves that state twenty miles east of Chattanooga. Through Georgia it passes close to the GeorgiaAlabama line, about two miles west of Columbus, Ga., leaving the state near the intersection of the Alabama, Georgia and Florida boundary lines. It then crosses the northwestern part of Florida and terminates in the Gulf of Mexico at the city of Apalachicola. The following table shows the movement of the median lines from 1880 to 1910, inclusive: Median par- Median me- Movement in miles. Median longitude. parallel, meridian, 1880..... 39 84 7 12 ... Alabama 62 The exact location of the median point is indicated by the median lines already shown; in the following table its approximate location with reference to certain towns is described: Approximate Location by Important Towns. 1880....16 miles nearly due west of Springfield, O. 1890....5 miles southwest of Greenville, O. 1900....In Spartanburg, Ind. 1910....3 miles south of Winchester. Ind. POPULATION BY COLOR OR RACE. GENERAL SUMMARY. 1910. District of Columbia. Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota 1900. Mississippi Missouri 237,196 Nebraska Chinese Japanese 3,175 New Jersey. New Mexico.. Total .91,972,266 75,994,575 New York.. North Carolina.. North Dakota.. BY STATES (1910). Ohio Oklahoma Alabama Arizona .1,228,832 171,468 908,282 909 Oregon 2,009 29,201 442,891 Pennsylvania 460 Rhode Island... California South Carolina. Colorado South Dakota.. Connecticut Tennessee Delaware District of Columbia.. Utah Florida Vermont Georgia Virginia Idaho 319,221 Illinois ..5,526,962 Washington 188 West Virginia.. Indiana .2.639,961 60,320 279 Wisconsin Iowa Wyoming Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota 2,059,227 7,084 9,053 Atlanta, Ga.... Mississippi Missouri Montana .3,134,932 157,452 313 Birmingham, Ala. 10,745 Boston, Mass. Nebraska Nevada 74,276 513 5,240 Buffalo, N. Y.. New Hampshire.. New Jersey. New Mexico.. New York.. .8,966,845 134,191 North Carolina. North Dakota. 34 Cambridge. Mass. 168 Chicago, Ill. Cincinnati, O.. 6,046 Cleveland, O... 7,851 Columbus, O... 6,846 Dayton, O.. 127 Denver, Col.. 74,825 Detroit, Mich.. 1,492 5,090 Fall River, Mass.... New Jersey... 1,286,463 358,453 New Mexico.. 175,245 1,305,019 1,304,102 New York..... 4,584,581 4,529,033 Male. Female. 196,857 176,494 182,568 Virginia ... 1,035,348 Washington 658,650 West Virginia 644,044 1,208,541 1,125,319 91,666 54,299 Total .......47,332,122 44.640,144 1,107,816 BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS. 317,554 259,502 2,434,765 2,332,356 Oklahoma 881,573 775,582 Oregon 384,255 288,510 Pennsylvania.. 3,942,137 3,722,974 Rhode Island.. 270,251 272.251 South Carolina 763,558 266,787 ..... 821,113 ... 751,842 South Dakota. 317,101 Tennessee 1,103,491 1,081,298 Texas 2,017,612 1,878,930 Massachusetts. 1,655.226 1.711,190 BY PRINCIPAL CITIES (1910). New England...3,265,137 3,287.544 Maine Maryland Michigan 1,454,534 1,355,639 |