unusual importance to producers. The world Commodities of which there were sufficient supplies, if used with economy, were wheat, rye, beans, peas, rice, and feeds other than those high in protein. Sufficient beef was in sight to load all refrigerating ships to capacity. There was enough sugar for our normal consumption if other nations retained their present short rations. If they increased their rations, there would be a shortage. Coffee was the only common food commodity of which there was a world surplus. With the possible exception of high protein feeds, the United States had sufficient food and feed for its own people, but to fulfill its pledge of 20,000,000 tons to Europe by July 1, 1919. there must be continued conservation and avoidance of waste. The world shortage of fats was explained by Mr. Hoover as 'due primarily to the fact that Europe has been steadily underfeeding its dairy herd, has made steady inroads into its herd of hogs during the war, and to the facts that there has been a great degeneration in the production of vegetable oils in certain regions owing to the inability to secure shipping." According to food administration calculations, even with all our supplies and best efforts, the world will be far deficient in its normal amounts of fats for two or three years at least. The future of the American producer who is equipped for general farming seems to lie in liberal crops of meat products and homegrown feeds with which to grow live stock economically. PRESIDENT WILSON'S APPEAL FOR A DEMOCRATIC CONGRESS. President Wilson issued the following appeal, to the voters of the United States Oct. 25, 1918: "My Fellow Countrymen: The congressional elections are at hand. They occur in the most critical period our country has ever faced or is likely to face in our time. If you have approved of my leadership and wish me to continue to be your unembarrassed spokesman in affairs at home and abroad, I earnestly beg that you will express yourselves unmistakably to that effect by returning a democratic majority to both the senate and house of representatives. "I am your servant and will accept your judgment without cavil, but my power to administer the great trust assigned me by the constitution would be seriously impaired should your judgment be adverse, and I must frankly tell you so, because so many critical issues depend upon your verdict. No scruple of taste must in grim times like these be allowed to stand in the way of speaking the plain truth. "I have no thought of suggesting that any political party is paramount in matters of patriotism. I feel too deeply the sacrifices which have been made in this war by all our citizens irrespective of party affiliations to harbor such an idea. I mean only that the difficulties and delicacies of our present task are of a sort that makes it imperatively necessary that the nation should give its undivided support to the government under a unified leadership and that a republican congress would divide the leadership. "The leaders of the minority in the present congress have unquestionably been pro-war, but they have been anti-administration. At almost every turn since we entered the war they have sought to take the choice of policy and the conduct of the war out of my hands and put it under the control of instrumentalities of their own choosing. "This is no time either for divided council or for divided leadership. Unity of command is as necessary now in civil action as it is upon the field of battle. If the control of the house and senate should be taken away from the party now in power an opposing majority could assume control of legislation and oblige all action to be taken amidst contest and obstruction. "The return of a republican majority to either house of the congress would moreover be interpreted on the other side of the water as a repudiation of my leadership. Spokesmen of the republican party are urging you to elect a republican congress in order to back up and support the president, but even if they should in this impose upon some credulous voters on this side of the water they would impose on no one on the other side. It is well understood there as well as here that the republican leaders desire not so much to support the president as to control him. "The peoples of the allied countries with whom we are associated against Germany are quite familiar with the significance of elections. They would find it very difficult to believe that the voters of the United States had chosen to support their president by electing to the congress a majority controlled by those who are not in fact in sympathy with the attitude and action of the administration. "I need not tell you, my fellow countrymen, that I am asking your support not for my own sake or for the sake of a political party, but for the sake of the nation itself in order that its inward unity of purpose may be evident to all the world. In ordinary times I would not feel at liberty to make such an appeal to you. In ordinary times divided councils can be endured without permanent hurt to the country. But these are not ordinary times. "If in these critical days it is your wish to sustain me with undivided minds I beg that you will say so in a way which it will not be possible to misunderstand either here at home or among our associates on the other side of the sea. I submit my difficulties and my hopes to you. FOUND EMPLOYMENT FOR MILLIONS. From its reorganization in January until the end of October, 1918, the United States employment service directed to employment, almost entirely in war industry, approximately 2,500,000 workers. It also increased its local employment offices from ninety to 900 in the same period. These figures reprcsent an increase of about 1.000 per cent in both labor-finding activities and in the establishment of local employment offices. The steady rate at which the service has grown in extent and accomplishment is indicated by the fact that in January 62.642 persons were sent to jobs, while in October 547.826 were directed to employment. Furthermore, during the week ending Nov. 2. "WOODROW WILSON." the last week but one of war conditions, 162.754 workers were directed-a rate of 650,000 a month. Returns made by employers and workers show that approximately 2,000,000 of the 2,500,000 workers directed were placed. It is impossible to know how many of the remainder were placed, owing to the failure of some employers and workers to notify the service of the acceptance of workers or jobs. These totals are proof that the employment service has made good. For at the outset of the reorganization it was estimated that the war industries of the country would require between 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 workers up to the end of 1918. HAWAIIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY AMERICANIZED. The following report was issued from the alien property custodian's office in Washington, D. C., in November, 1918: cus The powerful German hold on the sugar industry of the Hawaiian islands has been crushed. The control of Hawaii's most important industry has been restored to its people. This is the effect of the announcement of A. Mitchell Palmer, alien property todian, that he had completed the Americanization of the H. Hackfeld Co., the great German owned corporation which for years has played so important a part in the sugar situation of the Hawaiian islands. In 1917 plantations controlled by this German company produced 140,000 tons of cane sugar. Mr. Palmer Americanized this German concern by organizing a new company, known as the American Factors (Ltd.), and selling the entire assets and business of the German Hackfeld Co. to the American company, whose stockholders are all loyal American citizens, most of them residents of the Hawaiian islands. As a result 640 American residents of Hawaii have become stockholders in the new corporation, which has a capitalization of $7,500,000, because the assets of the H. Hackfeld Co. were valued at that amount. The Americanization of the H. Hackfeld Co. is one of the most important and most interesting of the steps taken by the alien property custodian to crush for all time the German control of America's most important industries. This concern was one of the important links in this control, and was the center of pro-German propaganda in the Pacific. The H. Hackfeld Co. was capitalized at $4,000,000. It had undivided profits and reserves amounting to $3,924,933. In 1917 the net earnings of the corporation were $1,661,624. Some of the companies which it controlled were: Oahu Sugar Co. (Ltd.), Pioneer Mill Co. (Ltd.). Lihue Plantation Co. (Ltd.), Kakaha Sugar Co. (Ltd.), Makee Sugar Co., Koloa Sugar Co.. Grove Farm Plantation, Waimea Sugar Mill Co., The Kipahulu Sugar Co., and Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Co. (Ltd.). The American Factors (Ltd.) has a capital of 50.000 shares at a par value of $150, or $7,500,000. In comparison with the old capital stock of $4,000,000 this would make the new shares as of a value of about 1872: in other words, the stockholders of the H. Hackfeld Co. are securing for themselves 71⁄2 per cent more than was stated by the company when under German management to be their true worth or value. The shares in the American Factors (Ltd.) were offered to the public, and no one individual was allowed to buy more than 500 shares. Corporations or groups of persons, including families of not less than five, were permitted to subscribe to a maximum amount of 2,500 shares; the amounts of these subscriptions were subject to a reduction, the smallest subscribers receiving preference in every case. The subscribers received stock trust certificates which when surrendered on the expiration of three years after the date of the termination of war between the United States and Germany entitle the holder to receive the certificate of stock mentioned in the stock trust certificate and until then to receive the payments equal to the dividends, if any have been collected by the trustees. All of the shares of stock will be transferred to seven trustees under trust agreement to continue during the war with Germany and thereafter for three additional years. All subscribers were obliged to satisfy the alien property custodian as to their loyalty. The trustees selected to manage the American Factors (Ltd.) are George Sherman, R. A. Cooke, F. C. Atherton, C. R. Hemenway, Richard H. Trent, A. W. T. Bottomley, and G. T. Wilcox, all of Honolulu. The H. Hackfeld Co. was controlled by J. F. Hackfeld, a subject and resident of Germany, through J. F. Hackfeld (Ltd.) which was organized for the purpose of naturalizing himself as far as possible without having to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. He went to the Hawaiian Islands many years ago and built up a business which, with the assistance given him under the kartel system, amounted to many millions of dollars when the United States entered the European war. According to the by-laws of the H. Hackfeld Co. there were only three officers, and in case of the death or disability of any officer, the officer of the next rank automatically filled the position. The by-laws also provided that any one officer had the authority in case of the absence of the rest of the officers to perform any act deemed necessary, the same as if all were present. The three officers of the company were J. F. Hackfeld, George Rodiak and J. F. C. Hagens. In January of this year (1918) J. F. Hackfeld was in Germany, and George Rodiak, the next ranking officer of the corporation, was in San Francisco, having been convicted of violating the neutrality laws of the United States. Hagens remained in Honolulu and on Jan. 10 he called a meeting of H. Hackfeld (Ltd.) and sold six American citizens 11,000 shares in the Hackfeld Co. These 11,000 shares, together with the holdings of Hagens and German naturalized Americans, and one American family, made the control of H. Hackfeld Co. Mr. Palmer persuaded the Americans who purchased this stock to rescind the sale. The H. Hackfeld Co.. through its subsidiary companies, has been practically the deciding factor in the sugar industry in the Hawaiian islands. They have ordinarily produced from 20 to 30 per cent of the sugar of the islands. The company is one of many ramifications. They own or control the Pacific Guano and Fertilizer Co. (Ltd.), which furnishes phosphates to the Hawaiian sugar growers; they have in the past brought this phosphate from South America in their own boats to the Hawaiian islands. as H. Hackfeld Co. also conducted a general merchandise business, wholesale as well retail, and owned the B. F. Ehlers Co., of Honolulu, which is the largest department store west of San Francisco. The company has branches in New York and San Francisco. This is now known as the Liberty store. George Rodiak, one of their former cfficers, pleaded guilty in the courts of the United States in San Francisco to having violated the neutrality laws of the United States. in that he fitted out certain ships in order that these ships might assist the German raiders in the Pacific ocean. At the outbreak of the European war in 1914 ships flying the German flag which entered the port of Honolulu for harbor were taken care of by H. Hackfeld Co. The Pommern was one of these vessels; she came from Australia with a cargo of British merchandise. It is said that H. Hackfeld Co. assisted the German raiders on the Pacific ocean in replenishing their supplies, especially with coal. All enemy-owned property in the Hawaiian islands, Philippines, Porto Rico, Panama, the Virgin islands, and the other insular possessions has been administered by the alien property custodian through the division of insular possessions, of which Walter D. Denegre is chief. The Great War. DECLARATIONS OF WAR. Austria against Belgium, Aug. 28, 1914. Cuba against Germany, April 7, 1917. Greece against Bulgaria, July 2, 1917 (government of Alexander). Greece against Germany, Nov. 28, 1916 (provisional government). Greece against Germany, July 2, 1917 ernment of Alexander). (gov Guatemala against Germany, April 21, 1918. Montenegro against Austria, Aug. 8, 1914. Montenegro against Germany, Aug. 9, 1914. Nicaragua against Austria, May 6, 1918. Nicaragua against Germany, May 7, 1918. Panama against Germany, April 7, 1917. Panama against Austria, Dec. 10, 1917. Portugal against Germany, Nov. 23, 1914 (res. olution passed authorizing military intervention as ally of England). Portugal against Germany, May 19, 1915 (military aid granted). Roumania against Austria, Aug. 27, 1916 (allies of Austria also consider it a declaration). Russia against Bulgaria, Oct. 19, 1915. SEVERANCE OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. Austria with Portugal, March 16, 1916. Austria with United States, April 8, 1917. Great Britain with Turkey, Oct. 30. 1914. Greece with Turkey, July 2, 1917 (government of Alexander). Greece with Austria, July 2, 1917 (government of Alexander). Guatemala with Germany, April 27, 1917. Russia to Germany and her allies, Dec. 16, 1917. Roumania to Germany (treaty signed), May 6. 1918. Bulgaria to France and allies, Sept. 29, 1918. Turkey to Britain and allies, Oct. 30, 1918. Austria-Hungary to allies and United States, Nov. 3, 1918. Germany to allies and United States, Nov. 11, 1918. PROCLAMATION OF WAR AGAINST President Woodrow Wilson on Dec. 11, 1917, issued the following: By the president of the United States of America a proclamation: Whereas, the congress of the United States, in the exercise of the constitutional authority vested in them, have resolved, by joint resolution of the senate and house of representatives bearing date of Dec. 7, 1917, as follows: "Whereas, the imperial and royal Austro Hungarian government has committed repeated acts of war against the government and the people of the United States of America; therefore be it "Resolved by the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America in congress assembled, That a state of war is hereby declared to exist between the United States of America and the imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian government; and that the president be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the government to carry on war against the imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the congress of the United States." scribed by law shall be liable to restraint, or to give security or to remove and depart from the United States in the manner prescribed by sections 4069 and 4070 of the revised statutes and as prescribed in regulations duly promulgated by the president; And pursuant to the authority vested in me, I hereby declare and establish the following regulations, which I find necessary in the premises and for the public safety: (1) No native, citizen, denizen or subject of Austria-Hungary, being a male of the age of 14 years and upward and not actually naturalized, shall depart from the United States until he shall have received such permit as the president shall prescribe, or except under order of a court, judge or justice, under sections 4069 and 4070 of the revised statutes; (2) No such person shall land in or enter the United States, except under such restrictions and at such places as the president may Whereas, by sections 4067, 4068, 4069 and 4070 of the revised statutes, provision is made relative to natives, citizens, denizens or sub-prescribe; jects of a hostile nation or government, being males of the age of 14 years and upward, who shall be in the United States and not actually naturalized; Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim to all whom it may concern that a state of war exists between the United States and the imperial and royal Austro-Hungarian government, and I do specially direct all officers, civil or military, of the United States that they exercise vigilance and zeal in the discharge of the duties incident to such a state of war; and I do, moreover, earnestly appeal to all American citizens that they, in loyal devotion to their country, dedicated from its foundation to the principles of liberty and justice, uphold the laws of the land and give undivided and willing support to those measures which may be adopted by the constitutional authorities in prosecuting the war to a successful issue and in obtaining a secure and just peace; And, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the constitution of the United States and the aforesaid sections of the revised statutes, I do hereby further proclaim and direct that the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States toward all natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of Austria-Hungary, being males of the age of 14 years and upward who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be as follows: All natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of Austria-Hungary, being males of 14 years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, are enjoined to preserve the peace toward the United States and to refrain from crime against the public safety, and from violating the laws of the United States and of the states and territories thereof, and to refrain from actual hostility or giving information, aid or comfort to the enemies of the United States, and to comply strictly with the regulations which are hereby or which may be from time to time promulgated by the president; and so long as they shall conduct themselves in accordance with law they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful pursuit of their lives and occupations, and be accorded the consideration due to all peaceful and law-abiding persons, except so far as restrictions may be necessary for their own protection and for the safety of the United States; and toward such of said persons as conduct themselves in accordance with law all citizens of the United States are enjoined to preserve the peace and to treat them with all such friendliness as may be compatible with loyalty and allegiance to the United States. And all natives, citizens, denizens or subjects of Austria-Hungary, being males of the age of 14 years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, who fail to conduct themselves as so enjoined, in addition to all other penalties pre (3) Every such person of whom there may be reasonable cause to believe that he is aiding or about to aid the enemy, or who may be at large to the danger of the public peace or safety, or who violates or attempts to violate, or of whom there is reasonable ground to believe that he is about to violate any regulation duly promulgated by the president, or any criminal law of the United States, or of the states or territories thereof, will be subject to summary arrest by the United States marshal or his deputy, or such other officers as the president shall designate, and to confinement in such penitentiary, prison, jail, military camp or other place of detention as may be directed by the president. This proclamation and the regulations herein contained shall extend and apply to all land and water, continental or insular, in any way within the jurisdiction of the United States. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done in the District of Columbia this eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and seventeen and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and forty-second. WOODROW WILSON. By the president: ROBERT LANSING, Secretary of State. PANAMA VS. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. The republic of Panama, which declared war on Germany April 7, 1917, followed the example of the United States with regard to Austria-Hungary and formally declared war on the dual monarchy Dec. 10, 1917, the national assembly passing the following resolution: "The national assembly of Panama: In view of the message of the president in which he advises the national assembly of the declaration of war made by the congress of the United States of America on the Austro-Hungarian empire and considering that the republic of Panama has expressed before in its laws and resolutions its firm willingness to lend to the United States of America all the powers and co-operation it may be capable of in the present war, making common cause with the democratic nations which are fighting to impede the predominance of the world by the Teuton powers, be it "Resolved, That the republic of Panama be declared in a state of war from to-day, Dec. 10, 1917, with the Austro-Hungarian empire. "That the president be invested with the necessary powers to co-operate with the United States of America in the prosecution of the war in accordance with the principles of international law." GUATEMALA AT WAR WITH GERMANY. Guatemala, which broke off diplomatic relations with Germany April 28, 1917, entered the ranks of the allies when on April 21, 1918, it adopted a decree assuming the same attitude of belligerency toward the German empire as the United States. Robert Lansing, the secretary of state, was notified of the action in the following note from the Guatemalan minister in Washington: "Mr. Secretary of State: I have to-day [April 21] received from the president of Guatemala a cablegram saying: "Minister of Guatemala, Washington: 66 'By decree dated to-day of the national legislative assembly, Guatemala assumes the same attitude of belligerency toward the German empire as the United States. M. ESTRADA, C.' “In having the honor of transmitting to your excellency the president's cablegram, and pending receipt of a copy of the decree of the national legislative assembly, it is, as always, a pleasure to me to make known to your excellency the decision of the government of Guatemala in accordance with the desires of her people to stand beside the United States in defense of the rights of America and of humanity so ruthlessly and persistently menaced by the German autocracy in their efforts to substitute throughout the world a military despotism for liberty and civilization. will "Guatemala, like the United States, maintain her belligerency until a stable peace founded on respect for right and justice can be established as a guaranty to the nations. I seize this opportunity to reiterate to your excellency the assurance of my highest consideration. JOAQUIN MENDEZ." NICARAGUA DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY. With only four dissenting votes the congress of Nicaragua declared war May 7, 1918, on Germany and her allies. The action was taken at the suggestion of President Chamorro. The congress also adopted a declaration of solidarity with the United States and other American republics at war with Germany and AustriaHungary and authorized the president to take steps for the utilization in full measure of the nation's forces in the war. HAITI DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY. The council of state of Haiti, acting in accordance with the legislative powers given it under the new constitution, on the 15th of July, 1918, unanimously voted a declaration of war on Germany as demanded by the president of the republic. HONDURAS DECLARES WAR ON GERMANY. Honduras, which broke diplomatic relations with Germany May 18, 1918, followed that action July 19 with a formal declaration of war. BATTLE NAMES ON AMERICAN BANNERS. When Marshal Foch received the distinguished service cross presented to him in the name of President Wilson by Gen. Pershing at Senlis, France, Nov. 12, 1918, the commander in chief of the allies said: "I shall never forget that tragic day in March when you placed at my disposition the entire resources of your army. To-day we have gained the greatest battle in history and saved the most sacred cause-the liberty of the world. "For the last two months the American army has fought in a most difficult region a fierce and ceaseless battle. For all time the words 'La Meuse' can be borne with merited pride upon the standards of the American army." Following is a list of the more important battle names which Americans are entitled to place upon their standards: Seicheprey. April 20. Chateau Thierry, June 4. Chateau Thierry (second battle). July 15. Marne. June 4. Chipilly ridge. July 4. Beaurepaire farm, July 18. Mont St. Pere, July 21. Foret de Fere. July 24. Hill 230. July 29. St. Mihiel. Sept. 12-13. Vigneulles. Sept. 12. Montfaucon Sept. 27-28. Exermont. Sept. 27-28. Marcheville. Sept. 27-28. Hindenburg line. Sept. 29-Oct. 1. St. Etienne, Oct. 2-9. Aire valley, Oct. Chatel-Chery. Oct. Bantheville. Oct. 23. Ancreville, Nov. 1. Doulcon. Nov. 1. Landres et St. Georges. Nov. 1. Spitaals Bosschen. Nov. 3. Audenarde. Nov. 3. Authe. Nov. 3. Chatillon-sur-Bar. Nov. 3. Meuse (crossed). Nov. 5. Meuse hills. Nov. 7-10. Gen. Pershing reported the casualties in the American expeditionary forces up to Nov. 26, 1918, to be: Killed in action, 28,363. Severely wounded, 54,761. Later reports added 4.310 to the number killed in action or died of wounds; 1,823 to the number of dead of disease and 10,330 to the number of casualties, thus making the total reach 281,309. |