president or will delegate a suitable officer to act in that capacity. In any case where the person recommended for the award of the medal of honor is at the time of the recommendation apparently fatally wounded or so il as to endanger his life, the commanding general of the expeditionary forces in Europe is authorized to act immediately upon the recommendation as the representative of the president, afterward reporting his action by cable. Whenever a recommendation for the award of the medal of honor is approved by cable, and whenever a report is received announcing the award of the distinguished service cross by the commanding general of the American expeditionary forces in Europe, and whenever the distinguished service medal is awarded, such award, with a statement of the circumstances in each case, will be announced in general orders of the war department by the adjutantgeneral of the army without unnecessary delay. [The medal of honor is the highest token of valor awarded in the American army. It originated at the time of the civil war.] The distinguished service cross and the distinguished service medal may be awarded posthumously to persons killed in the performance of acts meriting such award or to persons whose death from any cause may have occurred prior to such award. The medal so awarded will be issued to the nearest relative of the deceased person. a army or from the commanding general of the American expeditionary forces in Europe. Requests for the issue or purchase of these chevrons will be accompanied by a list of the formation of the commanding officer who aupersons for whom they are desired, for the inthorizes the issue. The officer, before approvright of the persons concerned to wear the ing a requisition or a purchase, will verify the chevrons requested. Requests for authority to wear the wound chevron on account of wounds received prior to the present war will be forwarded with all available evidence to the adjutant-general of the army for verification through the war department records and appropriate action. Mexican Service Badge. The following order was issued by the war department in February, 1918: By authority of the president, a service badge with ribbon, to be known as the Mexican service badge, will be issued to all officers and enlisted men who are now or may hereafter be in the military service of the United States. and whose service has been under the following conditions: (a) In Mexico, afloat or ashore, as members of the Vera Cruz expedition, between April 24, 1914. and Nov. 26, 1914. (b) In Mexico as members of the punitive or other authorized expeditions between March 14. 1916. and Feb. 7, 1917. (c) Those who were actually present and participated in an engagement against Mexicans between April 12, 1911, and Feb. 7, 1917, in which there were casualties on the side of the United States troops. (d) Those who were present as members of 1911, and Feb. 7, 1917, in proximity to an enthe Mexican border patrol between April 12, casualties among their own company, troop, gagement between Mexicans which resulted in battery or detachment. No individual will be entitled to more than one distinguished service cross or one distinguished service medal, but each additional citation in war department orders for conduct or service that would warrant the award of either of these decorations will entitle the person so cited to wear upon the ribband of the decoration and upon the corresponding ribbon bronze oak leaf of approved design, and the right to wear such oak leaf will be announced as a part of the citation. Other citations for gallantry in action published in orders issued The distribution of this badge will be govfrom the headquarters of a force commanded erned by the provisions of article VIII., comby a general officer will be indicated in each pilation of general orders, circulars and bullecase by a silver star three-sixteenths of an inch tins, war department, 1881-1915. No individin diameter worn upon the ribband of the dis-ual will be entitled to more than one Mexican tinguished service cross and upon the correservice badge. sponding ribbon. When an officer or enlisted man is admitted to a hospital for treatment of a wound, or when an officer or enlisted man is treated for a wound without being admitted to a hospital, the commanding officer of the hospital, or, in the latter case, the medical officer who treats the wound, will furnish the commanding officer of the wounded person with a certificate describing briefly the nature of the wound and certifying to the necessity of the treatment. This information may be furnished to commanders of higher units in the form of certified lists and will be transmitted by them to the commanding officers concerned. Commanding officers will forward to the adjutant-general of the army, through military channels, lists in duplicate of those officers and enlisted men of their commands who have been honorably wounded in action, with a statement in the case of each individual, showing time and place wounds were received and organization in which they were then serving. Whenever a report is made of an action, it will be accompanied by the above described list and by certified copies of the medical officers' statements. Upon receipt of lists of wounded the commanding general of the American expeditionary forces in Europe is authorized to grant the right to wear the wound chevron to the persons concerned, and he will note his action by indorsement in forwarding the papers. The right to wear the wound chevron shall be confined to those who are authorized to do so by letter from the adjutant-general of the Persons not now in the army of the United States, who, if they had remained in the service would be entitled to this badge and whose separation from the service has been honorable, may apply to the adjutant-general of the army for authority to purchase and wear the Mexican service badge. Wound and Service Chevrons in Navy. Wound and service chevrons for men in the naval service, afloat or ashore in Europe, were authorized by the secretary of the navy Sept. 25, 1918. The chevrons are similar to those worn in the army and take the form of a Vshaped bar of gold braid for blue uniforms and vellow silk lace or braid for white. Service chevrons are worn on the lower half of the left sleeve and wound chevrons on the right sleeve. War service chevrons will be given as follows: Served three months or more since April 6, 1917, afloat or ashore, on duty east of the thirty-seventh meridian west of Greenwich. Served afloat three months or more since May 25, 1918, on vessels that have cruised on the high seas of the Atlantic ocean north of the equator. Served on vessels that have been torpedoed or fired upon. Served on aviation duty in the United States, making actual flights in search of enemy vessels since May 25, 1918. Service on transports and convoying ships shall be included. UNITED STATES ARMY PAY. First lieutenant. Second lieutenant. Per year. $10,000 9,000 8:000 6,000 4,000 Men receiving $51: Regimental sergeant majors, regimental supply sergeants, sergeant majors (senior grade), quartermaster sergeants of the quartermaster corps, ordnance sergeants, first sergeants, electrician sergeants of the first class, assistant engineers and battalion sergeant majors and battalion supply sergeants of the engineers. Men receiving $56: Sergeants, first class, of the medical department. 3,500 Men receiving $71: Hospital sergeants, mas3,000 ter engineers of the junior grade and engi2,400 2,000 1,700 In the cases of colonels and other commissioned officers of lower rank an increase of 10 per cent, known as longevity pay, is allowed for each period of five years of service, provided that such increase shall not exceed 40 per cent. Officers of higher rank than colonel receive no increase for continuous service. All officers are entitled to be furnished public quarters, with fuel and light, but if these cannot be provided the officers receive a commuted money value of the same. The allowance for quarters for a second lieutenant is 2 rooms, or $24 per month; for a first lieutenant, 3 rooms or commutation of $36 per month; a captain, 4 rooms or commutation of $48; major, 5 rooms or commutation of $60; lieutenant-colonel, 6 rooms or commutation of $72; colonel, 7 rooms or commutation of $84; brigadier-general, 8 rooms or commutation of $96; major-general, 9 rooms or commutation of $108; lieutenant-general, 10 rooms or commutation of $120, and a general, 11 All receive a rooms or commutation of $132. suitable allowance for heat and light, dependent upon the locality of their stations and the season. While on foreign service officers receive an increase of 10 per cent of their base pay and longevity pay. Aerial Flight Increases. Aviation officers of the signal corps, or officers attached to the signal corps, while on duty which requires them to participate regularly and frequently in aerial flights, are entitled to an increase in the pay of their grade, under their commissions, as follows: Aviation officers, 25 per cent; junior military aviators, 50 per cent; military aviators, 75 per cent. Each junior military aviator and each military aviator duly qualified and serving has the rank, pay and allowances of one grade higher than that held by them under their commissions, provided that the ranks under their commissions are not higher than that of captain. Pay of Enlisted Men. The pay of enlisted men depends on their grades, ratings and length of service. From June 1, 1917, and continuing during the term of the war the pay of enlisted men is as follows: Men receiving $30: All privates, the army entering grade. Men receiving $33: promoted to act in officer capacity. Men receiving $36: Corporals, saddlers, mechanics, farriers and wagoners, and musicians of the third class. First-class privates, men minor noncommissioned Men receiving $38: All sergeant grades in the line, which include infantry, field artillery, coast artillery and cavalry: cooks, horseshoers, band corporals and, musicians of the second class. Men receiving $44: Sergeants of the various corps of the engineers, ordnance, signal corps, quartermaster corps and medical department; band sergeants and musicians of the first class. Men receiving $48: Battalion sergeant majors, squadron sergeant majors, sergeant majors (junior grade), sergeant buglers, master gunners and assistant band leaders of the line. neers. Men receiving $81: Quartermaster sergeants of the senior grade of the quartermaster corps, band leaders, master signal electricians, master electricians, master engineers of the senior grade and master hospital sergeants. Assignment to Special Duties. These are the established grades of the enlisted men, but they may variously be assigned to such special duties as chauffeurs, switchboard operators, cobblers, clerks, camoufleurs, sanitary inspectors, draftsmen, stevedores, accountants, plumbers and such other occupations and trades as are necessary to meet the requirements of army service. In addition to the rates of pay for enlisted men heretofore mentioned, supplemental pay or allowances are made as follows: are (1) Increased pay is allowed for continuous service, computed under what is known as "enlistment period. An enlistment period ordinarily represents a period of three or four years, dependent upon the law in effect at There date of enlistment. seven such periods, covering a period of service of from 1 year to more than 18 years, provided for, and the increases range from $3 to $24 per month, according to the grade and length of service. Men in the grade of private calling for $30 per month are increased $3 per month during the second enlistment period, an additional $3 during the third enlistment period, and $1 per month for each additional enlistment period to include the seventh enlistment period. Men above the $30 grade and up to and including the $38 grade are entitled to $3 per month additional pay for each enlistment period from the second to the seventh for each successive enlistment period. above the $38 grade are entitled to $4 per month additional pay for each enlistment period from the second to the seventh. gun Some Additional Ratings. Men (2) Enlisted men of the coast artillery, below the grade of mess sergeant, are entitled to the following additional ratings, according to established individual qualifications: Casement electricians, observers of the first class, plotters and coxswains, $9 per month; chief planters, observers of second class, chief loaders, commanders and gun pointers, $7 per month; enlisted men of the field artilleryexpert first-class gunners, $5 per month; firstclass gunners, $3 per month, and second-class gunners, $2 per month; enlisted men of the cavalry, engineers and infantry-expert riflemen, $5 per month; sharpshooters, $3 per month, and marksmen, $2 per month; enlisted men of the medical department-surgical assistants, $5 per month; nurse (enlisted man), $3 per month, and dispensary assistant, $2 per month. (3) Enlisted men of the signal corps, while on duties which require them to participate regularly in aero flights, assuming that they have rating of aviation mechanician, receive 50 per cent increase in their monthly pay. Housing and Subsistence. (4) All enlisted men, while on detached duty not in the field where there are no army quarters available, receive in addition to their pay $15 per month to cover the expense of housing and also a suitable allowance for subsistence and for heat and light. (5) Enlisted men, if serving in a foreign country or beyond the continental limits of the United States (Porto Rico, Hawaii and Panama Canal Zone excepted) receive 20 per cent increase in pay computed on the base pay and service pay prevailing prior to June 1, 1917, when an act of congress increased, for the "term of the emergency." the pay of all enlisted men in amounts ranging from 50 per cent to 8 per cent. (6) Enlisted men attached to the United States Military academy are entitled to the same pay and allowances as other enlisted men of the regular army of the same grade and additional compensation provided for performing certain duties upon detail therefor in orders. For deeds of valor, recognized by acts of congress, officers and enlisted men receive certificates of merit which entitle them to an additional compensation of $2 per month. Allowances at Retirement. Enlisted men can apply for retirement after 30 years of service. They are retired on 75 per cent of the monthly pay drawn at the time of retirement, and $15.75 a month additional in lieu of allowances. Officers are retired for disability or after 64 years of age, and receive 75 per cent of the pay of the grade held at date of retirement. An enlisted man in active service has no necessary personal expenses except for barber and laundry. Uniforms, underclothing, shoes, hats, quarters, medical attendance and subsistence are supplied them at government expense. Such materials as tobacco, postage. confectionery and incidentals of individual taste may be purchased at the post exchange at cost. Officers, while in hospital, are charged $1 per day for subsistence. They are not entitled to clothing or equipment and are required to subsist themselves, purchasing their supplies either from the quartermaster through the ordinary channels of trade. NAVY PAY TABLE. or From official statement issued by committee on public information, Washington, D. C., Jan. 11, 1918. All commissioned officers of the active list of the navy receive the same pay and allow ances according to rank and length of service. Officers of the medical, pay and construction corps, chaplains, civil engineers and professors of mathematics have the relative ranks of the various grades of the line, the annual base pay of each grade being as follows: Admiral (in command of fleet) Vice-admiral (second in command of $10,000 9,000 8,000 6.000 6,000 4,000 3,500 3.000 2,400 2.000 1,700 To each commissioned officer below the rank of rear-admiral is allowed 10 per cent of his yearly base pay for each five years of service in the army, navy and marine corps, but not exceeding in all 40 per cent. Additional provision is made by law that the pay of a captain shall not exceed $5.000, a commander $4,500, and a lieutenant-commander $4,000 per annum. Sea and Foreign Shore Duty. An officer on sea or on shore duty beyond the continental limits of the United States receives while so serving 10 per cent additional of his pay. An officer on shore duty where no government quarters are furnished is paid $12 per month for each of the number of rooms to which his rank entitles him, that is: Student Naval Aviators. Officers of the navy appointed student naval aviators and while detailed for duty involving actual flying in aircraft receive the pay and allowances of the rank plus 35 per cent increase thereof, and those officers who have qualified as naval aviators shall, while so detailed, receive the pay and allowances of their rank plus 50 per cent thereof. Boatswains, gunners, pay clerks, machinists, carpenters, sailmakers and pharmacists are known as warrant officers and are paid as follows: On Waiting At sea. shore. orders. First 3 years' service....$1,500 $1,125 $875 Second 3 years' service.. 1,625 1,250 1,000 Third 3 years' service... 1,750 1,625 1,125 Fourth 3 years' service.. 2,000 1,750 1,250 After 12 years' service.. 2,250 2,000 1,500 Warrant officers on shore duty receive the same allowances for quarters and heat and light as an ensign. After six years from date of warrant these officers are, if duly qualified, commissioned chief warrant officers and receive the pay and allowances of ensign. After six years from date of commission each commissioned warrant officer with a creditable record receives the pay and allowances of a lieutenant (junior grade), and after twelve years from date of commission the pay and allowances of a lieutenant. Warrant officers while attached to a seagoing ship are paid a ration allowance of 40 cents per day. All officers in the regular navy are required to provide their own uniforms and to pay for subsistence both ashore and afloat. manent appointment," which increases his base Steerage stewards.. pay to $83 per month. Petty Officers, First Class. Machinists' mates, first class. Shipfitters, first class. Electricians, first class.. Steerage cooks $46.50 41.00 66.50 Mess attendants, second class (not Unit61.00 ed States citizen) 37.00 61.00 Mess attendants, third class (not United 55.50 52.00 In addition to the pay as provided in the 52.00 above tables the following amounts are also 52.00 paid monthly to each enlisted man who is 52.00 qualified to receive them: 52.00 $1.50 for each successive re-enlistment for 52.00 four years within four months of date of 52.00 honorable discharge from previous enlistment. 47.60 $5.50 for first re-enlistment and $3.30 for 72.00 each subsequent re-enlistment, if citizen of the 66.50 United States and completed previous enlistment. 55.50 52.00 $46.50 46.50 46.50 $2.20 if a seaman gunner. $2.20 if a graduate of a petty officers' school. $5.50 to a steward or cook who holds a certificate of qualification and is a citizen of the United States. 83 cents for each good conduct medal a man 46.50 holds. $41.00 41.00 Extra Monthly Compensation. The following extra monthly compensations are paid to men who perform the transient duties specified: $5 to a seaman in charge of hold. $5 to a coxswain of a steam or motor launch. $5 to a captain of a gun's crew. $5 to a messman. From $10 to $30 to a mail clerk, the amount depending upon the complement of the ship. 41.00 From $2 to $10 to a man who qualifies at target practice as a gun pointer, the amount 41.00 depending upon the caliber of the gun. From $1 to $3 to a signalman. 41.00 41.00 From $10 to $20 to a tailor or tailor's 41.00 helper, the amount depending upon the com41.00 plement of ship. $5 to a jack-of-the-dust. Yeomen, second class.. 46.50 Ships' cooks, second class. $5 to a lamplighter. 52.00 Pharmacists' mates, second class. 46.50 43.20 $5 per month for submarine service. 41.00 $1 per day (but not exceeding $15 per 46.50 month) spent submerged in submarine, if 38.40 qualified for torpedo work. A man detained beyond the expiration of his enlistment receives one-fourth additional of all pay while so detained. $35.90 41.00 A man receives a gratuity of four months' 41.00 pay if he re-enlists within four months and 41.00 presents an honorable discharge from his last 35.50 enlistment. Each enlisted man receives on first enlistment an outfit of clothing and small stores free of charge. Any articles subsequently drawn are issued at cost price. Enlisted men are subsisted by the government. Men on detached duty are furnished cash in lieu of subsistence. Men discharged are either furnished trans61.00 portation to their homes and all expenses while 72.00 en route or are paid 4 cents per mile for the 61.00 total number of miles from place of discharge 61.00 to their homes. 55.50 61.00 55.50 On board each ship of the navy and at each station on shore is maintained a commissary store at which may be purchased at cost price such articles as are usually sold in civilian stores and shops. Officers on the retired list receive threefourths of their active duty pay. Enlisted men are retired after 30 years' service and are paid three-fourths of total pay and allowances they received at date of retirement and cash in lieu of quarters and subsistence. Officers and men of the naval reserve force and the national naval volunteers while on active duty receive the same pay and allowances as those of same rank and length of service in the regular navy. When first called into active service in time of war or national emergency a uniform gratuity of $150 is allowed each officer of the naval reserve and $60 each enlisted man. RECONSTRUCTION HOSPITALS FOR DIS- The following statement was issued by the disabled in line of duty, even though not expected to return to duty, will be discharged from service until he shall have attained complete recovery or as complete recovery as may be expected when the nature of his disability is considered. In furtherance of this policy. physical reconstruction is defined as complete mental and surgical treatment carried to the point of maximum functional restoration, both mental and physical. To secure this result all methods recognized by modern medicine as conducive to cure will be utilized. In other words. not only the ordinary means of medicine and surgery, including all specialties, will be utilized. but also physical measures such as are employed under physiotherapy, including ercises, indoor and outdoor games, and passive hydro, electro and mechanotherapy, active exexercise in the form of massage. Provision in the form of adequate buildings and equipment for physiotherapy have been adopted in each of the hospitals. The surgeon-general, with the approval of the general staff. announces the completion of plans for the physical reconstruction of disabled soldiers in the general military hospitals.geons. These plans are formulated with a view to close co-operation with the war department committee on education and special service in the work of restoring men to full or limited military service, and with the federal board for vocational education. which is authorized by the law to provide vocational training for disabled men after their discharge from the army and navy. The records of 516 cases treated in four hospitals show 134 men able to return to full military duty, 210 fit for limited service and 172 who are eligible for discharge. In the last group twelve are classed as helpless or institutional cases. 121 are able to return to their former occupations, and thirty-nine will need further training to fit them for earning a livelihood. These figures show the division of responsibility in the work of reconstruction. The task of fitting men for further military service is at present the most pressing need because wherever an ablebodied man behind the lines can be replaced by one less fit physically, but vocationally capable, a soldier is gained for active duty.. The reconstruction work in the hospitals, therefore, will emphasize technical training in all lines capable of adaptation to the physical limitations of disabled men and in which employment will act as a therapeutic agent. When play and work and study will help a man to get well, this kind of medicine will be prescribed to the patient. If the work he does leads to further service in the army or to better prospects in civilian life so much the better. HOSPITALS DESIGNATED. The surgeon-general has designated the following general military hospitals for the work of physical reconstruction: Walter Reed General hospital. Washington. D. C. General hospital No. 2. Fort McHenry. Md. General hospital No. 8, Otisville, N. Y. Cal. United States Army hospital. Moines, Ia. Plattsburg Barracks hospital, Plattsburg POLICY TO BE FOLLOWED. The policy to be followed in these hospitals, as announced by the surgeon-general. is that hereafter no member of the military service FUNCTIONAL RESTORATION, AIM. Modern medicinal treatment does not end with physical cure. Functional restoration is the final aim of the modern physicians and surIt is conceded that the physical rehabilitation of disabled men is peculiarly dependent upon their mental attitude. The more serious the disability, the greater the danger of mental depression and an indisposition_to respond to medical and surgical treatment. The educational work should begin, therefore, at the moment when the man has arrived at the stage where he begins to worry about his future, whether in this country or overseas. The first problem is to divert his attention by simple recreation, through reading. pictures. games. handiwork occupations and the like. with a view to securing a genuine interest in the attainment of some worthy end-the end most certain to hold his attention and to claim his best efforts in his future vocation. Hence, by gradual steps he may be induced to supplement his previous vocational experience by academic. scientific, or technical instruction, or to choose a new vocation and begin preparation for it if such a course is necessary. The need of "cheer up" work in the hospitals extends to all who are mentally capable of planning for their own future. This means a relatively large proportion of the entire number. The beginning is made at the bedside with handicrafts of various kinds grouped under the term "occupational therapy," When the man is able to leave the ward and can be benefited physically by technical training. he has the opportunity of working at specific trades either in the curative workshop, in specially provided classrooms, or out of doors. The teachers for this work have been secured from the convalescent disabled soldiers who are already skilled in their vocations and from the enlisted personnel of the army secured by transfer or by induction of registrants disqualified for general military service, but quali|fied for special limited service. These instruc tors work under the direction of educational officers chosen for their professional standing in civil life and commissioned in the sanitary corps of the medical department. The gen eral staff has just authorized commissions for 119 educational officers for this purpose, CLASSES OF DISABLED SOLDIERS. From the military standpoint disabled soldiers may be placed in three general classes: (a) Those who can be restored to full duty. (b) Those who can be fitted for limited service. (c) Those disabled to the extent of unfitting them for further military service. It is the announced policy of the surgeongeneral that patients of the first class (a) should have, when circumstances warrant it. the benefit of therapeutic treatment through play, work and study, as may be prescribed by medical officers, in order that their morale may be stiffened, their special skills improved, their future usefulness increased, and their recovery hastened. |