The Bookkeepers.-The bookkeepers in a bank are known as General bookkeeper and Individual bookkeeper. The General bookkeeper has charge of the General Ledger, which usually contains the main accounts of the bank and also accounts with other banks. The Individual bookkeeper has charge of the Individual or Depositors' Ledger.

The duties of the other clerks of a bank will be stated in connection with the explanation of the books.

Books Used. The books used in this bank are Journal, General Ledger, Individual Ledger, New York Draft Register, Discount Register, Collection Register, Discount Tickler and Collection Tickler. Other books such as Offering Book, Dealers Discount Book, Dealers Bill Book, Tellers' Books, Certified Check Book, Certificate of Deposit Book and Statement Book are also used in banks.

The Journal sustains the same relation to the banking business that a Main Cash Book does to any mercantile business. On the left-hand side are entered all cash receipts at the commencement of business and afterwards are entered all deposits and collections of whatever kind either in detail or in total. On the right-hand side are entered all payments on deposit account, either in detail or in total, and the amount paid out for notes discounted and for the running expenses of the bank. If balanced the difference between the two sides should show the amount of cash in the vaults of the bank. This balance usually consists of National Bank notes, Treasury Notes, Silver Certificates, Checks on other banks, the notes issued by the bank, Specie and Cash Items. Cash items consist of memoranda of different kinds carried as cash. Sometimes the Journal is balanced daily and the balance rep

* Several accounts are here omitted, but the footings of the columns include the results of the accounts as well as those illustrated.

resents the cash on hand, and the Journal as a whole represents the cash account. Usually, however, a Cash account is opened in the General Ledger and the footings of the Journal are posted daily, but the Journal in such a case is never balanced. But whether this balance is made in the Journal or in the Cash Book the proof of the balance found is made in a book called a "Blotter," "Cash Proof" or "Cash Balance." It is compiled as follows: On the right-hand side of a perpendicular line running through the center of a blank page is set down the balance on hand the day previous. To this is added the footing of the lefthand or debit side of the Journal, and from the amount thus obtained is subtracted the footing of the right-hand or credit side; the balance should be the amount on hand. On the left-hand side of said perpendicular line and opposite the work already compiled is made a memorandum exhibiting the following: The total amount of bills on hand, the amount of specie on hand, the amount of cash items and the amount of checks and drafts on hand and treated as cash. The aggregate sum should equal the sum of the other side.

The entries in the Journal are made up almost wholly of totals compiled from other books. The left-hand side has two money columns devoted to "Collection and Exchange" and "General" respectively. The Collection and Exchange column contains all the items to be credited to Collection and Exchange account, and at the end of the day this column is footed and posted direct to this account in the General Ledger. In the General column are

entered the credits to Bills Discounted, Deposits account and Chemical Bank of New York. The total for credit to Bills Discounted is entered here from the total amount collected during the day on paper owned by the bank, as shown by the Discount Tickler. The total credited to the Chemical Bank is the footing of the New York Draft Register, which represents the aggregate amount of drafts drawn on the Chemical Bank by us during the day and the total credit to Deposits account is from the total footing of the Deposits column in the Individual Ledger. Receipts from other Banks and from other sources are also entered in the General column. On the right-hand side of the Journal are entered the debits to Deposits account, the Chemical Bank of New York, accounts with other Banks and such other accounts as Collection and Exchange, Expense, etc. The entry to Deposits account is compiled from the Total Check column of the Individual Ledger; the total to Chemical Bank from the New York Draft Register, which total represents the remittances for the day to the Chemical Bank; charges to the Expense account are either compiled from the vouchers in the cash drawer at night or from the Expense Book.

When the business is of such magnitude as to necessitate the employment of two clerks upon the Journal, or where two tellers are employed in a bank, the Journal is divided into two books. The right-hand side of the general Journal would be bound into one book and called the Debit Journal and the left-hand side would be bound into a separate book and called the Credit Journal. Sometimes the Credit Journal is called the Debit Cash Book and the Debit Journal the Credit Cash Book,

The General Ledger contains all the accounts of the business excepting those with depositors, Certificates of Deposit and Certified Checks. Deposits account in the General Ledger represents the total of all the accounts in the Individual Ledger.

The Individual Ledger is a book of original entry for all cash transactions with depositors, and in using it much labor is saved and errors are less likely to occur. It is made with a very large page-18 x 23 inches not being an unusual size-large enough to contain the accounts of forty or more depositors on a page. The left-hand page is ruled with a column for the names of the depositors, and one for the balances of the depositors' accounts. The remainder of the page is divided into three sets of money columns, each containing four columns. The first or left-hand column in each set is devoted to "Checks in Detail," the second to "Total Checks," the third to "Deposits" and the fourth to "Balances." The right-hand side of the page is the same as the left-hand page, except that the column for the depositors' names is on the extreme right. Sometimes these names are printed in where the book is made, especially where a bank has a certain line of regular depositors. In that case a few blank lines are left after each letter, the names being arranged alphabetically, for the names of new depositors. The name of each depositor is written on each page and the line upon which his name appears represents his account for a period of one week. At the beginning of each week, unless the names are printed, the names are rewritten and the balances carried forward. In some banks, however, the leaves following the first record of names are cut some two inches narrower, so that when a leaf on the right is turned over on to the left-hand page the names are not covered, and the record may be continued without rewriting the names, except upon the first of each month or quarter. (See form of Individual Ledger, pages 198, 199.)

At the close of banking hours each day, every customer's deposit for the day is added to his balance of the day previous, and from this sum the aggregate of his checks is deducted, and the new balance is extended into the "Balance" column. Each column is then footed, excepting that devoted to "Checks in Detail," and in case there are more than one page of accounts, the footings are carried forward so that the final footings shall exhibit the total amount of checks paid and the total amount of deposits for the day, as well as the aggregate of balances of depositors' accounts. The footing of the column of "Total Checks" is carried to the debit of Deposits on the right-hand side of the Journal, and the footing of the column of "Deposits," to the credit of Deposits on the left-hand side of the Journal. The advantages of this form of Ledger are: first, the paying teller can more readily ascertain the condition of a depositor's account; second, the necessity for writing all the names on both sides of the Journel every day is obviated; and, third, the bookkeeper has forty or more accounts before him at once, instead of being required to consume a large part of the time turning from one account to another.

The New York Draft Register.-In this book is kept, in detail, the account between the bank and its New York correspondent. On the left-hand page are entered all remittances to the Chemical National Bank for its credit, with the number of the draft or check, the bank or person by whom drawn, the bank or person on whom drawn, and the amount. On the right-hand page are recorded all drafts drawn by the bank on the Chemical National Bank, with the number, the name of the person, bank or firm in whose favor made, the amount of Collection and Exchange and the face of each draft. (See New York Draft Register, page 196.) This book is balanced every day and the balance brought down, and while an account is kept in the General Ledger with Chemical Bank, simply to show in the