derosseras Creek, so that said creek is practically an open sewer from Ballston Spa to the lake.

III

That the tannery which discharges its effluent through a small brook or arm known as Gordon Creek, is located within the village of Ballston Spa, and is owned by Messrs. Hall, Haight & Co., a co-partnership employing about three hundred and fifty men. It is engaged in tanning and finishing all kinds of leather and its yearly output in value is one and three-fourths million dollars. The establishment was started in the year 1881 and the process of tanning is briefly described as follows: The hides are put into vats of fresh water and allowed to soak four days for the purpose of removing the salt, then they are put into lime pits where they are handled over every day for six days. From there they go into what is called a depilatory condition. Next they are put into the bark liquor, made from water passed over ground hemlock bark, and from there they go into the finishing shop. The water used in soaking the hides containing a large quantity of salt, the lime-water, and the liquid from the depilatory process, which is lime-water neutralized by lactic acid, and the tanning liquors, are all discharged finally through a box sewer into the creek, and the effluent so discharged is highly colored and can hardly be claimed to be free from pollution.

IV

There are also several mills engaged in the manufacture of paper and sulphite pulp located on or over the banks of said stream, and owned by the George West Paper and Bag Co., a domestic corporation incorporated pursuant to

the laws of the State and having a capital stock of $500,000. The mill known as the "Glen Mill" is engaged in the manufacture of sulphite pulp. The amount manufactured is more than a hundred tons per week. The process is briefly described as follows: From a hundred and fifty to two hundred cords of wood are ground up each week and the ship or shred is put into large digestors, lined with lead, where it is treated with hot sulphurous acid and other chemicals, which subdue the resin and vegetable nature of the wood and leave the fibre free, which is removed and further treated with chloride of lime and other chemicals. About three hundred pounds of sulphur is used for the manufacture of a ton of the pulp. Large quantities of chloride of lime and other chemicals. are also used and the effluent from the mill is ultimately discharged into the Kayaderosseras Creek.

V

That nearly all the water of said creek is carried through one or all of these mills and after acting as a solvent or agent, in chemical processes, finds its way back into the stream, carrying in solution acids, alkalies, organic and inorganic matter, in such large quantities that a decidedly acid reaction can be detected in the waters of said creek, from three to four miles down the stream. These acids and alkalies coming in contact with the large quantities of sewage discharged into this stream hasten chemical action and fermentation, thereby generating gases and giving off odors which are offensive, often producing nausea and affecting the comforts, if not the health of those obliged to inhale them.

VI

That into the said Kayaderosseras Creek is also discharged through a trunk sewer, open and closed, the sewage of Saratoga Springs, a village varying in population from ten thousand in winter to over a hundred thousand in summer.

VII

That the shores of Saratoga Lake are lined with farm. houses, cottages and hotels, where thousands of people go in the summer time for pleasure, and the sewage and domestic wastes of these hotels and cottages are discharged into the lake, and those who complain most bitterly about its pollution seem to forget the ancient rule established in Jerusalem, that each person should sweep before his own door.

VIII

That Saratoga Lake is polluted in the manner above described, and the sewage, wastes, refuse matter, fish that die from natural causes, as well as those killed by the contamination of the water, are washed upon the shores, dockings and pilings, and during the warm summer months, ferment and decay, producing stenches more or less offensive, according to the customs and habits of those obliged to inhale them.

IX

That the waters of Kayaderosseras Creek and Saratoga Lake are not directly used for potable purposes, but ultimately find their way through Fish Creek into the Hudson River, which is the source of many potable water supplies, and in this way one of the most perplexing and serious problems affecting the life and health of the people of the State, is presented. Many of the creeks and streams of

the State, the waters of which were fresh and pure twentyfive or fifty years ago, and were used for power purposes only, have come to be little more than open sewers, transmitting disease germs from one place to another, filling up ponds and reservoirs with refuse matter, destroying or driving away fish, emanating offensive and disagreeable odors, affecting the riparian interests of those owning property along their banks, and depriving them of the use of pure and wholesome water.

X

That the hotel proprietors and cottage owners along the shores of the lake, the mill owners along the banks of the inlet to said lake, and the villages of Saratoga Springs and Ballston Spa are creating and maintaining a nuisance injurious to the fullest and freest enjoyment of the property rights of those living along the shores and banks of said lake and stream, as well as a nuisance, indirectly, affecting the public health in the manner aforesaid; and

WHEREAS, The said report of the State Board of Health has been in all respects approved by the Governor of the State of New York, and filed in the office of the Secretary of State;

NOW THEREFORE, In pursuance of the provisions of chapter 661 of the Laws of 1893, and of the power vested in me as Governor of the State of New York, I do hereby declare the following in relation to the things found and certified by the State Board of Health as aforesaid:

I

That on and after July 1st 1899, no proprietor, lessee or occupant of any hotel, cottage or dwelling house on or

along the shore of Saratoga Lake, or on or along any stream tributary thereto, shall discharge any raw sewage into the waters of said lake or into the streams tributary thereto; and on and after the date aforesaid, such proprietor, lessee or occupant shall collect all sewage and domestic waste and refuse and dispose of the same in a sanitary manner, to be approved by the State Board of Health.

II

That on or before April 1st 1900, the villages of Saratoga Springs and Ballston Spa shall, either individually or by co-operating together, put in disposal works for the sanitary treatment of sewage from said villages, upon plans to be approved by the State Board of Health.

III

That the discharge of the effluent and waste material from the tannery owned and operated by the firm of Hall, Haight & Co., into and through Gordon Creek and into. and through Kayaderosseras Creek, is hereby declared to be a nuisance, which the said firm are hereby ordered to abate by discontinuing such discharge on or before April 1st 1900; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent such discharge into and through said creeks subsequent to the date aforesaid after the said waste and effluent materials shall have been treated in a sanitary manner, so as to render the same innocuous and according to process to be approved by the State Board of Health.