than the other kinds. The branches have a broad and thin corky wing on the opposite sides. The wood is finer-grained and more compact than the White Elm.

No. 242. Ulmus Floridana, Chap.-Florida Elm.-Florida.

No. 243. Ulmus crassifolia, Nutt.-Thick-leaved Elm.-Texas and Southwest.

No. 244. Planera aquatica, Gmel.-Planer tree.-Southern States. This tree is found in the Southern States and in Kentucky and Tennessee. It is a tree of medium size, with foliage somewhat like that of the European Elm. It is not a common tree, and the wood is not known to be applied to any useful purpose.

No. 245. Celtis occidentalis, L.-Sugar or Hackberry.-Eastern United States. This tree is rare in the New England States, but rather common in the Southern and Western ones. There are several varieties, one of which is usually a low and straggling bush. In the Western States, it often becomes a lofty tree. It somewhat resembles the elm in foliage and the ash in bark. It produces a dryish kind of berry about the size of a pea. The wood is white, but is not considered durable.

No. 246. Celtis Mississippiensis, Bosc.-Mississippi Hackberry.—Mississippi Valley.

No. 247. Celtis reticulata, Torr.-Net-leaved Hackberry.-Texas and Southwest. This is a western species, occurring in Texas and the Rocky Mountain region. It is a small tree, often a mere shrub.

No. 248. Celtis pallida, Torr.-Pale-leaved Hackberry.-Texas.

PLATANACEÆ.

No. 249. Platanus occidentalis, L.-Sycamore; Plane-tree.-Eastern United States. This is probably the largest deciduous tree in the United States. It occurs throughout the Eastern, Southern, and Western States, and extends beyond the Mississippi River. In the rich bottomlands of the western rivers, it sometimes attains the euormous circumference of 40 to 45 feet. It much resembles the European Plane-tree, and is thought to possess a richer foliage, and to afford a deeper shade. As a timber-tree it is of little value, as the wood is liable to warp, and decays early.

No. 250. Platanus racemosa, Nutt.-California Sycamore.-California. This is the sycamore of the Pacific coast, extending from Central California to Mexico. Although a large tree, it does not attain the size of the eastern species. The wood is said to be more valuable, receiving a good polish and being more durable.

No. 251. Platanus Wrightiana, S. W.-Wright's Sycamore.-Arizona

JUGLANDACEÆ.

No. 252. Juglans nigra, L.-Black Walnut.-Eastern United States. This tree occurs in the Atlantic States, but attains its greatest perfect on

and abundance in the valleys of the Ohio and Mississippi. It has been so much in request for the timber that it is much less common than formerly. The wood is used for the inside finish of houses, for cabinetwork, for gun-stocks, and many other purposes. It produces a nut much like the English walnut, but of stronger oily flavor. They are greatly relished by many persons.

No. 253. Juglans cinerea, L.--Butternut; White Walnut.-Eastern United States. This is more limited in range than the preceding. In Pennsylvania, New York, and New England, it probably attains its greatest perfection. It is a smaller tree than the Black Walnut. It is also found in the Western States. The wood is of a light-brown color, fine-grained, and easily worked. Although less valuable than the Black Walnut, the wood is well adapted to many uses. The nuts are not as highly esteemed as those of the Black Walnut.

No. 254. Juglans Californica, S. W.-California Walnut.-California. The California Walnut attains, in favorable situations, a height of 50 to 75 feet, and a diameter of 2 to 3 feet. It does not seem to be abundant, and we know nothing respecting the value of its wood. It has recently been distinguished as a different species from the walnut of Arizona and New Mexico.

No. 255. Juglans rupestris, Eng.-Small Black Walnut.-Texas and Arizona.

No. 256. Carya olivaformis, Nutt.-Pecan-nut.-Mississippi Valley. This tree grows in the valley of the Mississippi and its tributaries, on the Arkansas, the Missouri, the Illinois, the Wabash, and the Ohio, for some two hundred miles above its mouth. The wood is coarse-grained, heavy, and compact. It is a beautiful tree, with a straight and wellshaped trunk. The nut is well known in the markets, and is thought by some to be superior in flavor to any other nut known.

No. 257. Carya alba, Nutt.-Shell-bark Hickory.-Eastern United States. This species becomes a lofty tree, SO feet high, with a diameter sometimes of 2 feet. It is one of the most valuable of the hickories for timber and for fuel. It furnishes most of the hickory-nuts of commerce. They are pleasant-flavored and hightly esteemed. On large trees, the bark shells off in long narrow plates, whence the common name of the tree. The wood is heavy, elastic, and strong, and for handles of axes and agricultural implements, and many other uses, it is unequaled. There is little difference in the quality and value of many of the different species of hickory.

No. 258. Carya sulcata, Nutt.-Western Shell-bark.-Western States. No. 259. Carya tomentosa, Nutt.-Mocker-Nut.-Eastern United States.

No. 260. Carya amara, Nutt.-Bitter-nut.-Eastern United States. This is a large tree, growing from 60 to 70 feet high. The timber is said to be inferior to the preceding species, and the nuts are thin-shelled, bitter, and worthless.

No. 261. Carya porcina, Nutt.-Pig-nut Hickory.-Eastern United States. A large tree, with small pear-shaped fruit, the nuts bitterish and unpalatable. The wood is tough and valuable.

No. 262. Carya microcarpa, Nutt.-Small-fruited Hickory.—Eastern United States.

No. 263. Carya myristicæformis, Michx.-Nutmeg Hickory.-Southern States. This species grows in swamps in the Southern States. The fruit resembles a nutmeg, whence the name of Nutmeg Hickory. It is somewhat like that of the Bitter-nut tree, but much thicker.

No. 264. Charya aquatica, Nutt.-Swamp Hickory.-Southern States, A species growing in swamps in the Southern States, with astringent, bitter fruit, and brittle, worthless timber.

CUPULIFERÆ.

No. 265. Quercus macrocarpa, Michx.-Bur Oak; Overcup Oak.Western States. This species is rare in the Eastern States, but common in Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. It is a large tree, and when growing on low ground assumes a rounded and handsome form. It has very large acorns, which are usually deeply immersed in the cup; the border of the cup fringed with loose scales. The wood is open and brittle as it occurs in the prairie country, but valuable for fuel.

No. 266. Quercus alba, L.-White Oak.-Eastern United States. This is one of the noblest, largest, and most useful oaks of this country. The wood is strong, compact, and durable, and is only second to that of the Live Oak. It is extensively employed in ship-building, in manufacturing, and for many purposes.

No. 267. Quercus lyrata, Walt.-Southern Overcup Oak.-Southern States. This much resembles the Bur Oak, but is chiefly confined to the Southern States.

No. 268. Quercus stellata, Wang.-Post Oak.-Eastern United States. This species grows mostly upon poor clay lands. It is a middle-sized tree; the wood is yellowish, strong, fine-grained, and more durable than the White Oak.

No. 269. Quercus bicolor, Willd.-Swamp White Oak.-Eastern United States.

No. 270. Quercus Michauxii, Nutt.-Michaux's Oak.-Southeastern United States.

No. 271. Quercus Prinus, L.-Chestnut Oak.-Eastern United States. Of this species there are several varieties. It is usually a large and lofty tree. Its timber is inferior to that of the White Oak in strength, but is still very valuable for many uses.

No. 272. Quercus Prinus, L., var. monticola, Michx.-Rock Chestnut Oak.-New England and Middle States.

No. 273. Quercus Prinus, L., var. acuminata, Michx.-Yellow Chestnut Oak.-Northern and Western States.

No. 274. Quercus Douglasii, Hook. & Am.-Douglas's Oak.-Rocky Mountains and California. This and the next two succeeding species are the California White Oaks, extending into Oregon and Columbia. They are probably of equal value with the eastern species.

No. 275. Quercus Garryana, Hook.-Garry's Oak.-California and Oregon.

No. 276. Quercus lobata, Nées.-California White Oak.-California. No. 277. Quercus undulata, Torr.-Rocky Mountain Oak.-Rocky Mountains. This is the common oak of the Rocky Mountains, usually small and scrubby, but sometimes forming a moderate sized tree. It is very variable in the foliage.

No. 278. Quercus densiflora, Hook. & Am.-California Tan-bark Oak— California. This is an anomalous species of California, between an oak and a chestnut. In open ground, it is a beautiful, spreading, pyramidal tree, with a trunk sometimes 5 to 6 feet in diameter. Among the foresttrees, it rises to 100 feet or more in height.

No. 279. Quercus agrifolia, Nées.-California Field Oak.-California. This is commonly known in California as Evergreen Oak. It grows usually in open grounds, with a wide, spreading, apple-tree-like top. It is usually a small tree, sometimes a mere shrub, and occasionally becoming 40 or 50 feet high.

No. 280. Quercus chrysolepis, Liebm.-Cañon Live Oak.-California. An evergreen oak, growing in rocky cañons and on mountain-sides. It is sometimes shrubby; sometimes like the last becoming 40 or 50 feet high. It furnishes the hardest oak-wood of the Pacific coast, and is used in making ox-bows, ax-handles, &c.

No. 281. Quercus oblongifolia, Torr.-Oblong-leaved Oak.-Arizona and California.

No. 282. Quercus Emoryi, Torr.-Emory's Oak.-Arizona. No. 283. Quercus hypoleuca, Eng.-New Mexican Oak.-Arizona. No. 284. Quercus Durandii, Buckley.-Durand's Oak.-Texas. This species approaches the Post Oak in general characters. The leaves are variable, being sometimes lobed and sometimes entire.

No. 285. Quercus Phellos, L.-Willow Oak.-Southern States. This species is confined to the States bordering the Atlantic and the Gulf; not, however, extending into the New England States. It is remarkable for its narrow, willow-shaped leaves. The wood is strong, but coarsegrained, and not durable.

No. 286. Quercus virens, Ait.-Live Oak.-Southern States. This is the famous Live Oak. It grows from Southern Virginia to Florida and westward in the vicinity of the sea-coast. The wood is more esteemed for ship-building than any other. It is evergreen, and is a large tree with spreading branches.

No. 287. Quercus cinerea, Michx.-Upland Willow Oak.--Southern States. A small tree, growing in sandy pine-barrens from North Caro

lina to Florida. It is evergreen, with leaves like the Willow Oak, but thicker, and downy on the under surface.

No. 288. Quercus imbricaria, Michx.-Shingle Oak.-Eastern United States. A middle-sized tree, reaching to 50 or 60 feet high, and with a diameter of 1 to 2 feet. It grows principally, in open situations, from New Jersey to Illinois and southward. Its foliage is handsome, resembling that of the Laurel. The wood is coarse-grained, and not durable.

No. 289. Quercus aquatica, Catesb.-Water Oak.-Southern States. A middle-sized tree, of the Southern States, growing on the borders of swamps. The leaves are perennial, of variable form, but always broadest at the upper portion and tapering to a point at the base.

No. 290. Quercus laurifolia, Michx.-Water Oak.-Southern States. No. 291. Quercus nigra, L.-Black Jack.-Eastern United States. A small, scrubby tree, growing usually in poor clay soil. It is found in New Jersey, Maryland, and south ward, as also in some of the Western States. The wood furnishes a good fuel, but is too coarse-grained and perishable for any use in the arts.

No. 292. Quercus falcata, Michx.-Spanish Oak.-Eastern United States. A large tree, attaining 80 feet or more in height, and sometimes 4 feet in diameter. It has about the same range as the Black Jack, not being found in New England nor in the northern part of the Western States. The wood is not valuable except for fuel.

No. 293. Quercus Catesbaei, Michx.-Turkey Oak.-Southern States. A small tree, with foliage much like the preceding. It is found in Florida, Georgia, and North and South Carolina. The wood is good fuel, but of no value as timber.

No. 294. Quercus rubra, L.-Red Oak.-Eastern United States. This is one of the largest oaks of our country, and is diffused over all the eastern portion of the United States, but more especially to the northward. It is a beautiful tree, with reddish, coarse-grained wood, which is little used in the arts except for barrel-staves.

No. 295. Quercus coccinea, Wang.-Scarlet Oak.-Eastern United States. The Scarlet and Quercitron Oaks do not differ much in their characters, and, indeed, are considered but as varieties of one species. They form large and handsome trees, and the bark furnishes a yellow dye which is used in the arts.

No. 296. Quercus tinctoria, Bart.-Quercitron Oak.-Eastern United States.

No. 297. Quercus palustris, Du Roi.-Pin Oak.-Eastern United States. A rather smaller tree than the preceding. The leaves are small, smooth, of a pleasant green color, very similar to those of the Scarlet Oak. The wood is stronger and more durable than that species. It is chiefly limited to the Northern States.

No. 298. Quercus Sonomensis, Benth.-California Oak.-California. This species of California is nearly related to the Quercus rubra of the