Eastern States. It grows in mountainous districts, and forms a pretty large tree. No. 299. Quercus Wislizenii, DC.-California Live Oak.-California. A smallish tree of California, with bright-green persistent leaves, sometimes called Live Oak. No. 300. Quercus dumosa, Nutt.-Dwarf Oak.-California. This is a common dwarf oak in Southern California. No. 301. Quercus reticulata, H. B. K.-Dwarf Oak.-Southern Arizona. No. 302. Castanea resca, L., var. Americana, Gr.-American Chestnut.Eastern United States. One of the noblest trees of American forests. It occurs from Massachusetts to Michigan, and in the mountainous districts of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Tennessee, but not on the prairie regions of the Western States. The wood is strong, elastic, and durable, and is largely employed in the manufacture of furniture and for the inside finish of railroad-cars and steamboats. The nuts are very sweet and palatable, and always command a good price in the markets. No. 303. Castanea pumila, Michx.-Chincapin.-Southern States. This may be called a dwarf chestnut, growing from New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida. Northward it is only a large shrub, but in South Carolina and Florida it becomes a tree of 30 to 40 feet high and 12 to 15 inches diameter. The wood equals that of the chestnut, but the nuts, although generally eaten by children, are not comparable to those of the former. No. 304. Castanopsis chrysophylla.-California Chestnut.-California. A tree of Oregon and California, becoming 60 to 100 feet high and 2 to 3 feet diameter. The bur is scarcely one-third as large as in the common chestnut, with shorter prickles. The shell of the nut is almost as large as the filbert. No. 305. Castanopsis chrysophylla, var. pumila.-California Chincapin. -California. This is mostly a shrub growing on open mountain-sides, and is sometimes called California Chincapin. No. 306. Fagus ferruginea, Ait.-Beech.-Eastern United States. The Beech is one of our loftiest trees, sometimes reaching the height of 100 feet. It grows from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. It is wanting in the prairie districts of the West. The wood is hard, fine-grained, and compact. It is largely used for shoe-lasts and handles of tools. It is also employed in the frame-work of buildings. The wood is in great repute as fuel. The nuts have a delicious flavor, but are too small to make them of much economic importance. No. 307. Carpinus Americana, Michx.-Blue Beech.-Eastern United States. A small tree 15 to 20 feet high. The wood is white, compact, and fine-grained. No. 308. Ostrya Virginica, Willd.-Hop Hornbeam; Ironwood.-Eastern United States. The Ironwood is a small tree, but sometimes grows to a height of 40 feet. The wood is heavy and fine-grained, and is used for mallets, wedges, levers, &c. Its growth is very slow. No. 309. Corylus rostrata, var. Californica.-California. MYRICACEÆ. No. 310. Myrica cerifera, L.-Bayberry; Wax Myrtle.-Eastern United States. A shrub or small tree growing near the sea-coast. The berries are coated with a waxy secretion, which is sometimes utilized in the domestic manufacture of candles and also in medicinal unguents. No. 311. Myrica inodora, Bart.-Florida Bayberry.-Florida. No. 312. Myrica Californica, Cham.-California Bayberry or Myrtle.California. This species sometimes attains a height of 40 feet, with a trunk 2 feet in diameter. It grows on the Pacific coast, from Puget Sound to Mexico. BETULACEÆ. No. 313. Betula alba, var. populifolia, Spach.-American White Birch. -Northern and Northeastern United States. A small and slender graceful tree, 15 to 25 feet high, growing from Maine to Pennsylvania, and sparsely on the great lakes. No. 314. Betula papyracea, Ait.-Canoe Birch; Paper Birch.-Northern and Northeastern United States. A large and handsome tree, growing to the height of 70 feet, and with a diameter of 3 feet. It is limited to the northern portions of the country, ranging from Maine to Wisconsin on the northern border, and extending far northward into Canada. It has a brilliant white bark, from which Indians and traders construct The thin, external sheet of the bark forms the basis of a great variety of Indian fancy-work. canoes. No.315. Betula lutea, Michx.-Yellow Birch. -Northern and Northeastern United States. This is a beautiful large tree, growing in moist woods on our northern border. The wood is strong, fine-grained, and makes handsome furniture. No. 316. Betula lenta, L.-Cherry Birch; Black Birch.-Northern and Northeastern United States. This, like the preceding, is a large tree, chiefly of our northern borders, but extending also along the Alleghany region southward. The bark and twigs are highly aromatic. The wood is of a rosy hue, fine-grained, and valuable for cabinet-work and for timber. No. 317. Betula nigra, L.-River Birch; Red Birch.-Eastern United States. This becomes a large tree in favorable situations. It is found along the banks of rivers from Eastern Massachusetts southward to Florida, and westward to Kentucky, Illinois, and Iowa. The wood is similar to that of the preceding. No. 318. Betula occidentalis, Hook.-Western Birch.-Rocky Mountains. This species is a small tree, rarely over 25 feet high and 6 inches in diameter. It is found in the Rocky Mountains, along streams; in Colorado, Utah, &c. No. 319. Alnus incana, Willd.-Speckled Alder.-Northeastern United States. A shrub, or small tree, growing along streams in New England, New York, and northward. Of no particular value. No. 320. Alnus rhombifolia, Nutt.-California Alder.-California. No. 321. Alnus Oregona, Nutt.-Oregon Alder.-California and Oregon. On the Pacific coast, in California and Oregon. Often becoming a large tree, 60 to 80 feet high, with a trunk 2 feet in diameter. SALICACEE. No. 322. Salix nigra, Marshall.-Black Willow.-Eastern United States. This is almost the only willow of the eastern portion of the continent which attains a tree size. It grows from 20 to 30 feet high, with a thick black bark. On the Pacific coast are several species which become tree willows. No. 323. Salix nigra, var. Purshiana.-Willow.—Texas. No. 324. Salix longifolia, Muhl., var.-California Long-leaved Willow. -California. No. 325. Salix Wrightiana, Aud.-Wright's Willow. -Texas. No. 327. Salix lucida, Hook., var.-California Shining Willow.-California. No. 328. Populus tremuloides, Michx.-American Aspen.-Eastern United States and Rocky Mountains. A small tree of the northern border and Canada, also found on mountain-sides through the Rocky Mountains. No. 329. Populus grandidentata, Michx.-Great-toothed Aspen.Eastern United States. This is a larger tree than the preceding, common in the Northern States, and extending southward along the Alleghany Mountains. It much resembles the European Silver Poplar. No. 330. Populus monilifera, Ait.-Cottonwood.-Eastern United States and Rocky Mountains. This and the next species of cottonwoods have a wide range throughout most parts of the United States. Some botanists consider them to be but forms of one species. They are large, rapidly-growing trees, particularly abundant in the prairie regions and western river banks, extending even to the Pacific Ocean. The wood is light and soft, much employed in some of the Western States for building purposes, and for inside work of houses, under the name of Whitewood and Cottonwood. No. 331. Populus angulata, Ait.-Cottonwood.-Southern States. No. 332. Populus heterophylla, L.-Swamp Cottonwood.-Eastern United States. This species prevails in the Southern States, but extends northward as far as Delaware and Southern Illinois. It is a large tree, growing chiefly in swampy woods, and little valued. No. 333. Populus balsamifera, L.-Balsam Poplar.-Northern and Western United States. This species grows mostly in northern latitudes, being found in New England and Northern New York, also in the Rocky Mountains. It is a large tree; a variety of it is in cultivation. No. 334. Populus angustifolia, James.-Willow-leaved Cottonwood.Rocky Mountains. This is now considered to be a variety of the pre ceding. It is found principally along streams in the Rocky Mountains, where it is called Cottonwood, sometimes Willow-leaved Cottonwood. No. 335. Populus trichocarpa, Torr.-Cottonwood.—California. CONIFERÆ. No. 336. Pinus Banksiana, Lamb.-Banks's Pine; Scrub Pine.-Wisconsin to New England. This species is found from the northern parts of the United States nearly to the Arctic Ocean, and from Labrador to the Saskatchawan. In Wisconsin it becomes a middle-sized tree, and is used for timber when the trees are found of sufficient size. No. 337. Pinus contorta, Dougl.-Twisted pine.-Rocky Mountains. This tree is found in the Rocky Mountains from Colorado to Oregon. It differs widely in regard to size in different localities. Near the Pacific coast it is often low and scrubby, bearing cones at 5 feet high. In Colorado it is found at an altitude of 7,000 feet, and attains a height of 50 feet. No. 338. Pinus contorta, Doug., var. Bolanderi.-Bolander's Pine.California. This variety in the Sierra Nevada Mountains at an altitude of 5,000 to 9,000 feet attains a height of 150 to 200 feet. It is variously called Tamarack, Twisted Pine, or Black Pine. No. 339. Pinis inops, Ait.-Jersey Pine; Scrub Pine.-Eastern United States. A straggling tree 15 to 40 feet high, with spreading or drooping branches. It abounds in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia, also on the rocky hills bordering the Ohio in Kentucky, Southern Illinois, and Indiana. The wood is of little value. No. 340. Pinus mitis, Michx.-Yellow Pine.-Eastern United States, chiefly south. This is a handsome tree, growing from New England to Wisconsin, and sparingly in Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and southward to Florida. The timber is very valuable, commanding a higher price even than the white pine. No. 341. Pinus clausa, Chap.-Florida. A small tree found by Dr. Chapman at Apalachicola, related to Pinus inops. No.342. Pinus glabra, Walt.-Spruce Pine.-South Carolina and southward. A tree 40 to 60 feet high, with smoothish bark and soft white wood, branching from near the ground. Resembles P. mitis; grows from South Carolina to Florida. No. 343. Pinus resinosa, Ait.-Red Pine.-Massachusetts to Wisconsin. A tree 50 to 80 feet high, with reddish bark, growing from Pennsylvania northward through Canada and Nova Scotia, also in Wisconsin and Michigan. The wood is compact, strong, and durable, and for some uses is preferable to the white pine. It is also an excellent ornamental tree. No. 344. Pinus Elliottii, Eng.-Elliott's Pine.-South Carolina and southward. No. 345. Pinus pungens, Michx.-Table Mountain Pine.-This species grows on the Alleghany Mountains from Pennsylvania southward; abundant in some parts of Virginia and North Carolina. A tree of 40 or 50 feet height, and of very vigorous and rapid growth. No. 346. Pinus muricata, Don.-Bishop's Pine.-California. A small tree 30 to 40 feet high; grows near the coast north and south of San Francisco, and in other localities in that State. No. 347. Pinus edulis, Eng.-Piñon Nut Pine.-Rocky Mountains. A low tree with a spreading habit, growing in Colorado and Utah, and in New Mexico, Arizona, and Southern California. It is universally known by the Mexican name of Piñon. It has an edible nut, which is much used as food by the Indians, and the wood is rich in resin, making it excellent fuel. No. 348. Pinus monophylla, Torr.-Nut Pine.-Sierra Nevada Mountains. This species is almost limited to the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at altitudes of 2,000 to 6,000 feet. It is a small tree of 20 to 40 feet height. The seeds are eagerly collected for food by the Washoe and other Indians. The wood is excellent fuel. No. 349. Pinus Parryana, Eng.-Nut Pine.-Near the Mexican border southwest. No. 350. Pinus ponderosa, Dougl.-Yellow Pine.-Rocky Mountains. A very variable pine; several of its extreme forms have been considered different species. It occurs in Colorado, Utah, and the Black Hills of Wyoming. It is remarkable for its heavy wood, which makes excellent lumber. It is generally called Yellow Pine. No. 351. Pinus ponderosa, Doug., var. Benthamiana, Hart.-Sappy Pine.-California. This variety grows in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, in damp valleys, and near streams. It is generally slender and tall, with low limbs, black bark, and sappy, tough wood. Used for building-timber, flooring, &c. It has several names, as Swamp Pine, Sappy Pine, Black Pine, and Bull Pine. No. 352. Pinus ponderosa, Doug., var. Jeffreyi, Balf.-Jeffrey's Pine.California. This variety also grows on the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and on the Coast Range of California. It often attains a height of 170 to 250 feet and a diameter of 6 to 10 feet. It differs much in the quality of the wood, but is used for all the purposes of other kinds. It is remarkable for the comparatively large size of its cones. It is called Yellow Pine, Pitch Pine, and Truckee Pine. No. 353. Pinus australis, Michx.-Long-leaved Pine.-South Carolina and southward. A lofty tree, growing in the pine-barrens of the Southern States, attaining a height of 75 to 100 feet. Next to the White. Pine, this is perhaps the most valuable of the genus. The timber plays an important part in ship-building, is extensively used as a flooring, and in house-building. The chief value of this species is for the turpentine, tar, pitch, and rosin which it supplies, and of which immense quantities are exported in addition to the home supply. No. 354. Pinus Coulteri, Doug.--Coulter's Pine.-California. A large |