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$253. Expenses, how paid.-The expenses attending the commitment and maintenance of any truant residing in a city, village or district employing a superintendent of schools, including the compensation of truant officers and magistrates, shall be a charge against such city, village or district, and in all other cases shall be a county charge. Where the compensation of a truant officer is a county charge, he is entitled to receive two dollars for each day necessarily spent by him in the performance of his duty.

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§ 254. Withholding state moneys by superintendent.-The state superintendent may withhold one-half of the state school moneys apportioned to a city or district, if in his judgment the school authorities thereof wilfully neglect or refuse to enforce the provisions of this article, after due notice; but such moneys so withheld shall be immediately paid to the city or district upon its compliance with such provisions, or with any rule or order made by the superintendent in relation thereto.

[Con. School Law, tit. XVI, part of § 10 as added by L. 1894, ch. 671 and as amended by L. 1896, ch. 606 rewritten. (Page 117, § 10.)]

ARTICLE X.

TEACHERS' QUALIFICATIONS, CERTIFICATES AND CONTRACTS.

Section 265. Superintendent to determine teachers' qualifications.

266. Qualified teacher.

267. State certificates.

268. Examination for state certificates.

269. College graduates' certificate.

270. Endorsement of foreign diplomas and certificate. 271. Temporary licenses.

Section 272. Normal school diploma.

273. Instruction of teachers in universities and colleges.

274. Other certificates.

275. Special qualifications.

276. Revocation of teachers' authority.

277. Additional grounds of revocation.

278. Notice of revocation.

279. Teachers' contracts.

280. Limitations on agreement.

281. Teachers' wages; when payable.

282. When wages not a district charge.

283. Teachers' record of attendance.

284. Dismissal of teacher.

[General note.- This article contains what is intended to be a complete revision of the law relating to teachers' qualifications, certificates, and contracts. The jurisdiction of the superintendent is declared in the first section, and it is believed that he should have exclusive supervision of this subject. As the head of the department of public instruction he is responsible for the conduct of the schools and for the qualifications of teachers selected therefor. His jurisdiction and supervision as to the qualifications of teachers and granting licenses to teach should be absolute and exclusive. The subject of certificates has been rewritten, and an effort has been made to make a more complete classification thereof. The authority conferred by normal graduate certificates has been enlarged and a new provision inserted in relation to the education of teachers in universities and colleges.]

§ 265. Superintendent to determine teachers' qualifications. The superintendent has exclusive jurisdiction to determine the

qualifications of teachers in the public schools. The merit and fitness of candidates shall be ascertained so far as practicable by examinations, which, so far as practicable, shall be competitive. The superintendent shall prescribe rules relating to examinations and certificates or other authority to teach.

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§ 266. Qualified teacher.- A qualified teacher is one who holds the certificate, diploma or license authorized by this article, and which has not been revoked or annulled.

[Con. School Law, tit. VII, § 38, rewritten. (Page 45, § 38.)]

. § 267. State certificates. The superintendent may grant a certificate of qualification to teach. Such certificate shall be known as a state certificate. It entitles the holder thereof to teach in any public school without further examination or requirement. [Con. School Law, tit. I, part of § 10, rewritten. (Page 7, part of § 10.)]

§ 268. Examination for state certificates.-A state certificate can only be granted after an examination of the applicant. The superintendent shall determine the time, place and manner of such examination, and may designate persons to conduct the same and report the result to him. An examination for a state certificate shall be held at least once in each year, and public notice thereof shall be given by the superintendent.

[Con. School Law, tit. I, part of § 10, rewritten. (Page 7, part of § 10.)]

§ 269. College graduates' certificate. The superintendent may grant a certificate to a graduate of a registered college or university who has had three years' experience as a teacher, authorizing him to teach in such schools and for such time, not exceeding

ten years, as may be fixed therein. Such certificate is known as a college graduate's certificate. Such a certificate may be renewed from time to time by the superintendent.

[Con. School Law, tit. I, part of § 10, rewritten. (Page 7, part of § 10.)]

§ 270. Endorsement of foreign diplomas and certificate.-The superintendent may endorse:

1. A diploma issued by a state normal school in another state; 2. A certificate issued by a state superintendent of public instruction or state board of education in another state.

Such endorsement confers upon the holder of such diploma or certificate the privileges conferred by law upon the holder of a normal school diploma or state certificate issued in this state.

[Con. School Law, tit. I, part of § 10, rewritten. (Page 7, part of § 10.)]

§ 271. Temporary licenses.-The superintendent may issue a temporary license to teach for a period not exceeding six months. limited to a particular school or commissioner district.

[Con. School Law, tit. I, part of § 10, rewritten. (Page 8, part of § 10.)]

§ 272. Normal school diploma.-A diploma granted by a state normal school, when signed by the superintendent, the chairman and secretary of the local board, and the principal of the school, entitles the holder thereof to teach in the public schools. without further examination.

[L. 1866, ch. 466, § 6, rewritten. (Page 139, § 6.)]

§ 273. Instruction of teachers in universities and colleges.- If a university or college in this state maintains an education department or teachers' training class, and the course and period of in

struction therein, so far as relates to the theory and practice of teachings, are approved by the state superintendent, a certificate or diploma issued to a graduate of such department or class when signed by the state superintendent, has the same force and effect, and entitles the holder to the same privileges as a teacher's diploma issued by a state normal school. The state superintendent may at any time visit and inspect such an education department or training class.

[New.]

274. Other certificates.-The superintendent may also provide other certificates, to be issued to teachers after such examination, on such conditions, and for such time not exceeding five years, as he may prescribe. Such certificates may be classified by grades or by schools or otherwise.

[New.]

§ 275. Special qualifications.-Power to grant authority to teach is subject to the following limitations:

1. A person can not be authorized to teach in the public schools who is under eighteen years of age; or

2. Who has not passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks and stimulants upon the human system.

3. In a city authorized to employ a superintendent of schools, a person shall not be employed or licensed to teach in the primary or grammar schools who has not:

a. Completed a four years' course in and graduated from a high school, academy or other institution of learning of equal or higher rank registered by the regents; in which case the course of study and school to be approved by the superintendent; or

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b. Subsequent to such graduation had at least three years experience in successful teaching, or in lieu thereof afterwards

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