Greece. This colony was received with hospitality by the Og-eag-eis, who granted to them a considerable district of Ogygeia, to which the name of Cadm-eia was given, whereon was built the city of Cadmeis, afterwards called Thebes.

It appears that between this branch of the Og-eag-eis, and the tribe of Sydon, the most perfect friendship subsisted; accordingly we find them united under a chief of the Og-cageis, making an effort to dislodge the Pelasgoi from the parts of Thetaly, whereon they had encroached, in which being repulsed, they overspread the maritime quarter of that land and abided there. This chief of the tribe of Og-eag-eis, is known by the name of Ellen, said to be a son of Deucalion, from whom the Greeks in a large and poetical sense were oftimes called Ellenes, the entire country Ellas; this invasion of Thessaly by these two tribes, or Gaal, being also described as a deluge, the flood of Deucalion.

This tribe of the Og-eag-eis henceforth to be called Ellenes, having, in consequence of their communication with the Sydonians, now conformed to more strict rules of society than their brethren of Thrace, &c. and become stationary in lower Thetaly.

A colony of the Peloponnesian Pelasgoi being confirmed in the upper parts of the land of Thetaly, the main body established in the Peninsula.

The Cecropian branch of the Pelasgoi abiding peaceably in their original habitations.

The colony from Sydon led by Cadm-us, from whom the Greeks are sometimes called Achaioi, being established in Cadmeia, pushed out a colony westward, and dwelt there, calling their settlements the land of the Curetes.

Such being the state of Greece, by which I am to be understood to mean Thetaly, and from thence to the southern extremity of the land, at about four-score years from the time of the arrival of the Pelasgoi, and two-score years from that of the Achaioi in Ogygeia; those of the Og-cag-eis who had abided within Peloponnesus as heretofore mentioned, were attacked by the Pelasgoi of that Peninsula, and being expelled

therefrom, fled to the land of the Curetes, by whom they were received with kindness, and assigned portions of that territory, to which was attached the opprobrious name of Etol-ia, and to the chief that of Etolus; whereon they built two towns, one in the plain called Pleuron, the other in the hills called Cal-idun.

The Pelasgoi being now masters of all the Peloponnesus and Attica, to which the name of Pelasgia had been given, the district of Eleusis excepted, and of Upper Thetaly. The Ellenes dwelling in Eleusis, Etolia, Lower Thetaly, the Achaioi settled in Cadmeia and Achaia, to all which the general name of Ellas was applied, all Scythians, though in different stages of society, feeling the necessity of composing the animosities created and nourished by frequent aggressions of the Pelasgoi of Peloponnesus against the Og-eag-eis, a covenant was entered into for the purpose not only of terminating all present differences, but of uniting all the branches of the Scythian family against all other people; the result of which was the institution of the celebrated council, Amphictyon established at Thermopylæ, composed of deputies from twelve of the communities of the Ellenes, Achaioi, and Pelasgoi, save those of Attica, who never having been concerned in any of the violences offered to the Og-eag-eis, were not included in this confederation, formed about one thousand years antecedently to the christian era. The first instance that occurs in the history of the world, of popular delegation of authority, the original of the representative system, by whatever various names it hath since been called by the many nations of the earth.

It hath been just mentioned, that the council Amphictyon had in view the two-fold object of composing internal family dissensions, and of defending the confederates against external aggression, now contemplated from Egypt, of which country Sesostris was the chief; he had in the life time of his father Ammon, made a voyage to the extremity of Yam Zuph, where he had set up pillars, and in the year following, moving through Lybia, and the maritime nations of Afric, with multitudes of whom his host was swelled, he passed over into Spain,

and having subjugated the Scythians of that peninsula tributary to Sydon, defeated the Gael of Ib-er, within Buas-ce, and Algarve, and the Gael of Sciot of Ib-er in Gael-ag, with a signal overthrow; introduced the idolatry of Egypt into Spain, erected columns, called from him the pillars of Hercules, at the entrance of the Mediterranean, to preserve the memory of his achievements, and stationed a part of his force in Spain to guard his conquest, and collect his tribute; he returned to Egypt by the way of Gaul and Italy.

In five years after his return, his father having died, Sesostris was occupied in beautifying the city of Thebes, which he dedicated to his father, changing its name to that of No-Ammon, in building temples, and instituting oracles to him, now a God, to whom divine worship was paid in Egypt, Ethiopia, and Lybia, now called Ammonia, in honor of him; with which regulations, and the consolidation of his greatly enlarged empire, he was engaged, when Solomon, king in Israel, his brother-in-law, died, whereupon he set over Samaria Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who had long resided in Egypt, and was entirely devoted to him, and soon after invaded Judea, took Jerusalem, and sacked the temple.

Having humbled Judea, secured the fidelity of Samaria, assured of the attachment of Edom, whose chief was nearly allied to him by blood, and bound to his father, and to him, by ties of gratitude for protection in adversity, his way thus prepared for an enterprize long meditated, he moved towards Euphrates, penetrated through Persia, to the Ganges, at the mouth of which river he had columns erected to immortalize his fame.

This son of the God Jupiter Ammon, now crowned with glory, borne on the spring tide of victory, having returned to Egypt, and committed the government of Ammonia to his brother Iapetus, and the administration of Egypt to his brother Danaus, steered his course northward, pierced to the foot of Caucasus, where he left his nephew Prometheus, son of Iapetus to secure his acquisition in that quarter, and having subdued Colchis, established an Egyptian colony in that

country, under the charge of Etes, and having had tables delineated there of all his conquests, he bent his way to Thrace, which he over-ran, killed the chief Lycurgus, and placed Oegrus, the father of Orpheus, over that land, from whence he moved south, with intent to invade Greece; where the tribes of the Ellenes, Pelasgoi, and Achaioi, presently united, with the facility afforded by the institution of the council Amphictyon, strengthened by the accession of the many tribes of the Og-eag-eis, stopped short his career. Thus disappointed, driven to the necessity of resorting to his superior arts of policy, he addressed himself to the representatives of Greece assembled at Thermopylæ, by whom he was invited to a sumptuous banquet, whereat all differences being accommodated, he returned through Asia Minor to Egypt, where his brother Danaus had formed a conspiracy against him, which being discovered before the scheme was ripe for execution, Danaus fled to Greece, where he was admitted with distinc tion, and in his company came the twelve superior gods of Egypt, known by the title of "Dii magni majorum gentium,” who were presented by him to the council Amphictyon, graciously received, and acknowledged as the deities of Greece.

Though Sesostris prevented the treacherous machinations of Danaus in Egypt, he was not so fortunate as to escape the designs of Iapetus in Ammonia, who rose up against, made war upon, slew him, and retained the dominion of that country.

Upon the death of Sesostris, the mighty empire he had for the course of fifty-four years been heaping together, began to crumble and fall to pieces. Iapetus had seized on Ammonia; Zerah, a native chief of Ethiopia, made himself master of that kingdom, from whence, in the short space of nine years, he invaded Egypt, when Orus, the son of Sesostris, was drowned in the Nile, Bubaske, his daughter, destroyed herself, and thus perished the divine race of Sesostris, the greatest warrior of ancient days; one of the many examples the historic page affords, of the vanity of conquests, the barbarity of war and devastation, though attempted not merely to be

justified, but extolled as the most glorious of arts, the most sublime of sciences, all, as well as the precepts applicable thereto, thrown away upon the rage for power of the few, the stupid ignorance of the many. O man, what an hideous monster thou art, however fairly painted to deceive the eye, and flatter the imagination, could self-love permit the most faultless to draw a faithful picture of himself, from the consciousness of reality, would he not start from his own image, and hide his head for very shame; did not instinctive suspicion, that frightful as he is, such is his fellow, steel him in audacity, maugre his manifold deformities.

Not more than twenty years had elasped from the fall of this mighty conqueror, who had dis-seated so many kings on earth, enthroned so many Gods in heaven, till confederacies were formed in Greece by means of the council Amphictyon, which dispatched embassies to all the Scythian nations he had invaded, inviting them to unite for the recovery of their ancient independence; in consequence of which the famous expedition of the Argonauts was undertaken. (a)

That the council Amphictyon could not entirely counteract the pernicious qualities of man, and prevent the recurrence of wars amongst the societies of Greece we know, but that it furnished prompt means of combining them against strangers is equally certain; accordingly we find that on a personal injury offered to a chief, a confederacy was formed by all the nations of Greece against Troy, which after a long protracted war was destroyed, about 888 years before Christ, in three years after which event Eneas took his departure from Asia Minor, and being driven out of his course for Italy, arrived at Carthage, whither Dido or Elissa had lately emigrated from Tyre; ny reason for fixing which occurrences so positively even to a year will be found in the table of chronology, by a careful perusal of which, I trust Virgil will for ever stand acquitted of the frightful anachronism of which he is supposed, and hath so often been declared guilty, in making Dido and Eneas cotemporaries.

These events, an accurate acquaintance with which is essen