SEX OF EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK IN ESTABLISHMENTS IN WHICH STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS OCCURRED, BY INDUSTRIES, 1881 TO 1905–Concluded. ciano an Paper goods.......... 2, 464 3, 466 5,930 41.55 58.45 20 46 66 30.30 69. 70 Planing mill products. 66,089 620 66, 709 99.07 .93 1.594 .... 1,594 100.00 .... Pottery........::: 19, 124 4. 779 23, 903 80.01! 19.99 3,597 1,023 4, 620 77.86 22.14 Printing and publishing.................. 50,313 58, 471 86.05 13.95 4,524 680 5,204 86.93 13.07 Public works.... 23,094 100 100.00....... Railroad, canal, and road building....... 91,604 91, 604 100.00 ..... Railroad transporta 218, 136 90 100.00 4,365 970 35.57 64.43 Rubher goods. 11,037 616! 83.77 16.23 Shipbuilding.. 64,064 2,267 100.00..... Silk goods... 46, 224 8,079 47.34 52.66 Slaughtering and ineat packing..... 126, 357 3,632 129,989 97.21 930 22,555 95.88 4.12 Smelting and refining. 18,009 18,069 100.00 ....... 2,908 100.00....... Stone quarrying and cutting .... 142, 451 57 24, 518 99.77 .23 Stoves and furnaces... 40,052 40,073 99.95 .05 7,044 100.00....... Street railway transportation........... 123, 553 1, 696 100.00 Streets and sewers.... 70,682 60 100.00 .... Telegraph and tele phone............... 21,272 1,350 22,622 94.03 5.97 75 ...... 75 100.00!.... Tin and sheet metal | goods.......... 24,997 27,114 92.19 7.81 1,558 .......! 1,558 100.00 ....... Tobacco: chewing and smoking............ 7,437 7,969 15, 406 48.27 51.731, 474 503 1,977 74.56 25. 44 Tobacco: cigars and cigarettes.......... 186, 221 95, 669 281.890 66.06 33.94 30,300 17,316 47,616 63.63 36. 37 Trunks and valises... 4, 422 167 4,589 96.36 3.64... Typewriters, cash reg isters, and sewing machines.. 9,537) 10,200 93.50 6.50 525... 525 100.00 Watches and clocks .. 3,128 3,874 80.74 19.26 766 891 85.97 14.03 Water transportation 50, 729 41 1,264 99.68 .32 Wooden goods........ 12, 948 1,068 14,016 92.38 7.62 255 55 100.00 Woolen goods... 44, 227 33, 713 77.9401 56.74 43.26! 8,077 6.386 14. 463 55.85 44.15 Miscellaneous..... 105, 252) 19, 643 124, 895 84.27 15.73 3,588 772 4,360 82.29 17.71 Total........... 07.882, 843 0820, 981 08, 703. 824 090.57 69. 43.694, 966 130, 644 825,610 84.18 15. 82 1,696..... 2,117 125 a Less than 0.01 per cent. In the industries where the largest numbers of employees were thrown out of work by strikes most of the employees thrown out were males. But in such industries as coal and coke, building trades, iron and steel, railroad transportation, and street railway transportation very few females are employed. In 11 of the 82 industries more than half of the employees thrown out of work by strikes were females. These industries were confectionery; cotton goods; men's furnishing goods; gloves and mittens; hosiery and knit goods; laundry work; millinery goods; paper goods; rope, twine, and bagging; silk goods, and tobacco (chewing and smoking). For the percentages in each industry, both for strikes and lockouts, the reader is referred to the table. The corresponding data, by States and geo SEX OF EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK IN ESTABLISHMENTS IN WHICH STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS OCCURRED, BY STATES AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS, 1881 TO 1905. (See Tables V, pages 480 to 485, and XVII, pages 738 to 741, for notes relating to general strikes or lockouts extending into two or more States. 13 1, 159 5. 43 ....: Alabama.. Texas....... • Utah...... Vermont.... Total.... 80,068 83 80, 151 99.90 0.10 887 ....... 887 100.00 15. 15 100.00 102 100.00. 8,039 91.13 8.87 4,064 99. 16 .84 75, 456 20,854 96,310 78. 35 21.05 19,306 6,850 26, 156 73. Si 26. 19 8, 344 1, 488 9,832 84. 87 15. 13 188. 188 100.00....... 11, 425 12 11,437 99-90 10 3 N2 .... 382 100.00...... 83, 469 15, 204 98,673 84.59 15.41 10.057 1,808 11.865 84.76 15. 24 31,043 5,797 36.840 84. 26 15. 74 6,103 4,090 10. 199 59. SO 4,084 4,085 99.98 .02 3.000 ....... 3,000 100.00 1,162, 494 44, 506 1,207.000 90.31 3. 69 211, 202 7,083 218, 285 96.76 218, 503 3,993 222, 496 98 21 1. 79 4,574 56 4,630 98 79 1.21 7.003. 7,603 100.00 ... 732.... ... 732 100.00 77,715 1,500 79,515 97.74 2. 26 3,165 103 3,328 95. 101 4.90 36, 827 164 36.991 99.56 ..44 4.690 413 5,103 91. 91 & 09 67,816 2,118 69,934 96. 97 2,043 3 2.046 99.85 .15 85, 152 2,749 87,901 96.87 3.13 1,596... ... 1,596 100.00 ..... 30, 874 11,533 42, 4071 27.20 5,820 1,1486,968 83.52 16. 48 70,217 5,745 75. 962 92. 44 2,355 251 2,606 (0.37 9.63 368, 048 152, 779 520, 827 70.67 29. 33 33, 448 8,830 42,298 79. OS 20.92 131. 551 4,233 135, 784 96. 88 3.12 8,209 334 8, 543 96.09 3. 91 88, 427 678 .76 3, 545 137 3,682 96.28 3.72 2,822 162 2,984 94. 57 171,673 177,062 96.96 3.04 5,005 539 5,544 80.289.72 a 19.020 a 138 a 19, 158 a 99. 28 2.72 1,695 ....... 1.695 100.00 28,763 170 28,933 99.41 .59 2,618 303 2,921 89.63 10.37 242 242 100.00 200 ....... 200 100.00 827 575 1,402 58. 99 41.01 2,070 14 2.084 99. 33 15 100.00 564, 674 19,257 583.931 96.70 3.30 22.082 3.840 25, 922 85. 19 14. 81 830 846 98. 11 1. 89 407 2 .409 99. 51 49 18,280 745 19.025 96. OS 000 420 1.020 58. 82 41. 18 2, 137.882 105,052 2,242, 934 95. 32 112 7,262 84.374 91.39 8.61 44, 480 20,706 65, 186 68 24 13. 377 58 96 41.04 3,774 399 4,173 90. 44 837 92.00 8.00 1, 423 1,429 99.58 73! 100.00 71,799 72, 403 99.17 .83 2.038 100 2.138 95.32 4.68 33. 814 1,153 34,967 96.70 3. 30 2.010 16 2,026 99.21 6.349 281 6, 630 95. 76 4. 24 345. 345 100.00 11,340 716 12,056 94. 06 5.94 8,073. 8.073 100.00 42, 475 3, 4231 45, S98 92. 54 7. 46 2.982 1. 426 4,408 67. 65 24, 334 24, 808 98.09 1. 91 1,775 10 1.785 99. 44 124,910 1,547 126, 457 98.78 1. 22 4,789 121 4.910 97. 54 117,994 8, 406 126, 400 93.35 6. 65 5,705 109 5, 814 98.13 1. 7,898 7,898 100.00.. 331 100.00.. 53 o 203 92.02.27.38 15/ 16 . : -19. a Not including 12 establishments not reported. o Not including 21 establishments not reported. STRIKES BY SEMIMONTHLY PERIODS. A table has been prepared showing the number of strikes that began in each half month during the years 1901 to 1905. NUMBER OF STRIKES FOR THE UNITED STATES BEGUN DURING EACH HALF MONTH, 1901 to 1905. January 1 to 15.... 299 177 165 109 184 143 179 135 111 197 129 75 105 From this table it is seen that more strikes occurred each year except 1904 in the first half of May than in any other half month; in 1904 the same number began during the first half of May as during the first half of April. During the five years 1,656, or 11.86 per cent of all strikes, began in the first half of May. The next highest period of frequency was the first half of April, which half month was the second highest in each of the five years except in 1904 when it was equal to the first half of May. In this period, within the five years there occurred 1,342, or 9.61 per cent of all strikes. The third highest period of frequency varied in the several years, but for the entire five years it was the first half of June, there being in that period 802 strikes, or 5.74 per cent of the total number of strikes. As a rule more strikes occurred in the first half of each month than in the second half. In only one month in the five years was there an exception to this rule. STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS OF LESS THAN ONE DAY'S DURATION. In the present investigation covering the years 1901 to 1905 data were collected for strikes and lockouts of less than one day's duration. These fractional-day strikes and lockouts are not included in any of in this report. The principal facts that could be obtained relating to these brief labor disturbances are here presented. No disturbances are included unless there was an actual, well-defined cessation of work for the express purpose of enforcing a demand. The period of cessation of work ranged from a few minutes to several hours. It is probable that this presentation for fractional-day strikes and lockouts is not complete, as, owing to the comparative insignificance of such disturbances, some of them may have escaped notice and the memory of the persons consulted. Data for 641 strikes lasting less than one day were obtained for the five years from 1901 to 1905. The reports relating to the fractionalday strikes show the following facts: Employees thrown out of work--- . 24, 924 Female.... ... 2,081 Total................ ............ 27, 005 Employees after strike (not including 3 establishments not reported)--Male... 70, 440 Female.... .... 11, 831 .......... ........ Of the 641 fractional-day strikes which occurred during the years 1901 to 1905, 324, or 50.55 per cent, were in the building trades, 33, or 5.15 per cent, in telegraph and telephone construction and operation, 28, or 4.37 per cent, in freight handling and teaming, 17, or 2.65 per cent, in domestic and personal service, and 16, or 2.50 per cent, in street railway transportation. In no industry other than the 5 just enumerated were more than 14 fractional-day strikes reported for the five years from 1901 to 1905. In the following table are presented certain facts under each of the causes for which fractional-day strikes were undertaken: SUMMARY OF STRIKES LASTING LESS THAN ONE DAY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY CAUSES, 1901 TO 1905. [This table shows statistics for strikes due solely to each of the 14 causes enumerated on page 112, and also for strikes in which each of the 14 causes was only a partial or contributing cause. A strike due to several causes (each of which was a partial or contributing cause) has been entered under each of the causes involved, and because of this repetition no total can be made from the figures shown in this table. For increase of wages.... rious causes... rious causes.... rules.............. Concerning recognition of union and union rules combined with various causes.. Concerning employment of certain per sons(a)........ Concerning employment of certain per sons(a) combined with various causes.. Concerning employees working out of regular occupation.... Concerning overtime work and pay.... Concerning overtime work and pay com bined with various causes.... Concerning method and time of payment. Concerning method and time of payment combined with various causes....... Concerning Saturday part holiday.. Concerning Saturday part holiday com bined with various causes... Concerning docking, fines, and charges.. Concerning working conditions and rules (@....... Concerning working conditions and rules(a) combined with various causes.. In sympathy with strikers and employees locked out, elsewhere..... Other causes (not above specified) .. Other causes combined with various above specified causes............ a Not involving union rules. The above presentation by causes shows that of the 641 fractionalday strikes, 268, or 41.81 per cent, were concerning recognition of union and union rules, and that 158, or 24.65 per cent, were for |