SEX OF EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK IN ESTABLISHMENTS IN WHICH STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS OCCURRED, BY INDUSTRIES, 1881 TO 1905-Concluded. Total.. 1,264 99.68 255 100.00 6,386 14,463 55.85 124,895 84.27 15.73 3,588 772 4,360 82.29 77,940 56.74 43.26 8,077 67,882, 843 b 820, 981 68, 703, 824 b 90.57 b9.43 694, 966 130, 644 825, 610 84.18 15.82 a Less than 0.01 per cent. Not including 33 establishments not reported. In the industries where the largest numbers of employees were thrown out of work by strikes most of the employees thrown out were males. But in such industries as coal and coke, building trades, iron and steel, railroad transportation, and street railway transportation very few females are employed. In 11 of the 82 industries more than half of the employees thrown out of work by strikes were females. These industries were confectionery; cotton goods; men's furnishing goods; gloves and mittens; hosiery and knit goods; laundry work; millinery goods; paper goods; rope, twine, and bagging; silk goods, and tobacco (chewing and smoking). For the percentages in each industry, both for strikes and lockouts, the reader is referred to the table. The corresponding data, by States and geo SEX OF EMPLOYEES THROWN OUT OF WORK IN ESTABLISHMENTS IN WHICH STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS OCCURRED, BY STATES AND GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS, 1881 TO 1905. [See Tables V, pages 480 to 485, and XVII, pages 738 to 741, for notes relating to general strikes or lockouts extending into two or more States.] a Not including 12 establishments not reported. STRIKES BY SEMIMONTHLY PERIODS. A table has been prepared showing the number of strikes that began in each half month during the years 1901 to 1905. NUMBER OF STRIKES FOR THE UNITED STATES BEGUN DURING EACH HALF MONTH, 1901 to 1905. From this table it is seen that more strikes occurred each year except 1904 in the first half of May than in any other half month; in 1904 the same number began during the first half of May as during the first half of April. During the five years 1,656, or 11.86 per cent of all strikes, began in the first half of May. The next highest period of frequency was the first half of April, which half month was the second highest in each of the five years except in 1904 when it was equal to the first half of May. In this period, within the five years there occurred 1,342, or 9.61 per cent of all strikes. The third highest period of frequency varied in the several years, but for the entire five years it was the first half of June, there being in that period 802 strikes, or 5.74 per cent of the total number of strikes. As a rule more strikes occurred in the first half of each month than in the second half. In only one month in the five years was there an exception to this rule. STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS OF LESS THAN ONE DAY'S DURATION. In the present investigation covering the years 1901 to 1905 data were collected for strikes and lockouts of less than one day's duration. These fractional-day strikes and lockouts are not included in any of in this report. The principal facts that could be obtained relating to these brief labor disturbances are here presented. No disturbances are included unless there was an actual, well-defined cessation of work for the express purpose of enforcing a demand. The period of cessation of work ranged from a few minutes to several hours. It is probable that this presentation for fractional-day strikes and lockouts is not complete, as, owing to the comparative insignificance of such disturbances, some of them may have escaped notice and the memory of the persons consulted. Data for 641 strikes lasting less than one day were obtained for the five years from 1901 to 1905. The reports relating to the fractionalday strikes show the following facts: Employees after strike (not including 3 establishments not reported)— Male.. 82, 991 20,995 1, 175 22, 170 24, 924 2,081 27,005 70, 440 11, 831 Of the 641 fractional-day strikes which occurred during the years 1901 to 1905, 324, or 50.55 per cent, were in the building trades, 33, or 5.15 per cent, in telegraph and telephone construction and operation, 28, or 4.37 per cent, in freight handling and teaming, 17, or 2.65 per cent, in domestic and personal service, and 16, or 2.50 per cent, in street railway transportation. In no industry other than the 5 just enumerated were more than 14 fractional-day strikes reported for the five years from 1901 to 1905. In the following table are presented certain facts under each of the causes for which fractional-day strikes were undertaken: SUMMARY OF STRIKES LASTING LESS THAN ONE DAY FOR THE UNITED STATES, BY CAUSES, 1901 TO 1905. [This table shows statistics for strikes due solely to each of the 14 causes enumerated on page 112, and also for strikes in which each of the 14 causes was only a partial or contributing cause. A strike due to several causes (each of which was a partial or contributing cause) has been entered under each of the causes involved, and because of this repetition no total can be made from the figures shown in this table.] Concerning recognition of union and union rules combined with various causes. Concerning employment of certain persons (a). Concerning employment of certain persons (a) combined with various causes.. Concerning employees working out of regular occupation.... Concerning overtime work and pay. Concerning method and time of payment. Concerning working conditions rules (4) combined with various causes.. In sympathy with strikers and employees locked out, elsewhere.. Other causes (not above specified) Other causes combined with various above specified causes.... 1,635 1,685 482 507 547 1,579 1,331 1,273 55 55 8,709 9,685 and 42 125 42 125 6 6 187 876 933 29 205 759 205 782 89 89 a Not involving union rules. The above presentation by causes shows that of the 641 fractionalday strikes, 268, or 41.81 per cent, were concerning recognition of union and union rules, and that 158, or 24.65 per cent, were for |