MARYLAND.

CODE OF PUBLIC GENERAL LAWS, 1903.

ARTICLE 27.-Labor combinations not unlawful.

SECTION 33. An agreement or combination by two or more persons to do or procure to be done any act in contemplation or furtherance of a trade dispute between employers and workmen, shall not be indictable as a conspiracy, if such act, committed by one person, would not be punishable as an offense; nothing in this section shall affect the law relating to riot, unlawful assembly, breach of the peace, or any offense against any person or against property.

This act does not prevent the issue of an injunction forbidding a boycott and interference with business of plaintiff or with his workmen or customers. 59 Atl. 721.

MASSACHUSETTS.

REVISED LAWS OF 1902.

CHAPTER 106.--Intimidation of employees.

SECTION 11. No person shall, by intimidation or force, prevent or seek to prevent a person from entering into or continuing in the employment of any person or corporation.

The gist of the offense is the seeking to prevent one employed by a corporation from continuing in its employ by means of intimidation and force, and it is not necessary to allege in the indictment the particular acts in detail. 128 Mass. 70.

Intimidation is not limited to threats of violence or of physical injury to person or property. There may be a moral intimidation which is illegal. 167 Mass. 98.

Displaying banners with devices as a means of threats and intimidation to prevent persons from entering or continuing in the employment of plaintiffs is a violation of this section. Plaintiffs are not restricted to their remedy at law, but are entitled to relief by injunction. 147 Mass. 212.

MICHIGAN.

COMPILED LAWS OF 1897.

Intimidation of employees.

SECTION 11343. If any person or persons shall, by threats, intimidations, or other wise, and without authority of law, interfere with, or in any way molest, or attempt to interfere with, or in any way molest or disturb, without such authority, any mechanic or other laborer, in the quiet and peaceable pursuit of his lawful avocation, such person or persons shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction by a court of competent jurisdiction, shall be severally punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail where the offense shall have been committed, not less than one month nor more than one year, or by both fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court; but if such punishment be by fine, the offender shall be imprisoned in such jail until the same be paid, not exceeding ninety days.

The distribution by members of a union of a boycott circular tended to coerce and intimidate, and was unlawful, as was picketing to intercept workmen and customers. 77 N. W. 13.

MINNESOTA.

REVISED LAWS OF 1905.

Interference with employment-Participation in strikes.

SECTION 1822. No individual, corporation, member of any firm, or any agent, officer, or employee of any of them, shall contrive or conspire to prevent any person from obtaining or holding any employment, or discharge, or procure or attempt to procure the discharge of, any person from employment, by reason of his having engaged in a strike.

SEC. 1823. No person, whether acting directly or through an agent, or as the agent or employee of another, shall require, as a condition precedent to employment, any written statement as to the participation of the applicant in a strike, or as to his per

diately preceding the date of his application therefor; nor shall any person, acting in any of the aforesaid capacities, use or require blanks or forms of application for employment in contravention of this section.

5. To prevent another from exercising any lawful trade or calling, or from doing any other lawful act, by force, threats, intimidation, or by interfering or threatening to interfere with tools, implements, or property belonging to or used by another, or with the use or employment thereof;

6. Or to commit any act injurious to the public health, public morals, trade, or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of public justice or the due administration of the laws

Every such person shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 4868. No conspiracy, except one of those enumerated in section 4867, shall be punished criminally. No agreement, except to commit a felony upon the person of another, or to commit arson or burglary, shall amount to a conspiracy, unless some act besides such agreement be done to effect the object thereof by one or more of the parties to such agreement. The orderly and peaceable assembling or cooperation of persons employed in any calling, trade, or handicraft, for the purpose of obtaining an advance in the rate of wages or compensation, or of maintaining such rate, is not conspiracy.

*

Blacklisting.

SECTION 5097. * * It shall be unlawful for any two or more corporations or employers to combine, agree to combine, or confer together for the purpose of interfering with any person in procuring, or in preventing him from procuring, employment, or to secure the discharge of any employee by threats, promises, circulating blacklists, or any other means whatsoever. It shall be unlawful for any company or corporation, or any agent or employee thereof, to blacklist any discharged employee, or by word or writing seek to prevent, hinder, or restrain a discharged employee, or one who has voluntarily left its employ, from obtaining employment elsewhere. Every person and corporation violating any of the foregoing provisions shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

This section is constitutional. 110 N. W. 975.

The prohibition as to blacklisting applies to persons equally with companies and corporations, though the word is not used in that particular sentence. 88 N. W. 759.

Coercion of workingmen.

SECTION 5140. Every person who, with intent to compel another to do or abstain from doing an act which such other person has a legal right to do, or abstain from doing, shall wrongfully and unlawfully

1. Use violence or inflict injury upon such other person or his family, or a member thereof, or upon his property, or threaten such violence or injury;

2. Deprive any such person of any tool, implement, or clothing, or hinder him in the use thereof; or

3. Attempt to intimidate such person by threats or force-Shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

MISSISSIPPI.

CODE OF 1906.

Conspiracy against workingmen.

SECTION 1084. If two or more persons conspire either

(5) To prevent another from exercising a lawful trade or calling, or doing any other lawful act, by force, threats, intimidation, or by interfering or threatening to interfere with tools, implements, or property belonging to or used by another, or with the use or employment thereof; or

(6) To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, trade, or commerce, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice, or of the due administration of the laws; or

Such persons, and each of them, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be fined not less than twenty-five dollars, or shall be imprisoned not less than one month nor more than six months, or both.

Obstructing operation, injuring property, etc., of railroads.

SECTION 1345. If two or more persons shall willfully and maliciously combine or conspire together to obstruct or impede, by any act, or by means of intimidation, the regular operation and conduct of the business of any railroad company, or to impede, hinder, or obstruct, except by due process of law, the regular running of any locomotive engine, freight or passenger train on any railroad, or the labor and business of such railroad company, such persons, and each of them, shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or both; but this section shall not apply to persons who merely quit the employment of a railroad company, whether by concert of action or otherwise.

Intimidation of employees, etc.

SECTION 1398. Any person or persons who shall, by placards, or other writing, or verbally, attempt by threats, direct or implied, of injury to the person or property of another, to intimidate such other person into an abandonment or change of home or employment, shall, upon conviction, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding six months, or in the penitentiary not exceeding five years, as the court, in its discretion, may determine.

MISSOURI.

REVISED STATUTES OF 1899.

Intimidation of employees.

SECTION 2155. Every person who shall, by force, menace or threats of violence to the person or property of another, compel or attempt to compel any person to abandon any lawful occupation or employment for any length of time, or prevent or attempt to prevent any person from accepting or entering upon any lawful employment, shall, upon conviction, be punished by imprisonment in the county jail not less than six months, or by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Every person who shall, by threats of violence to the person or property of another, compel or attempt to compel any person to abandon any lawful occupation or employment for any length of time, or prevent any person from accepting or entering upon any lawful employment, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine not less than fifty dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not less than three months, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

Blacklisting.

SECTION 2166. Every person who shall, in this State, send or deliver, or shall make or cause to be made, for the purpose of being delivered or sent, or shall part with the possession of any paper, letter or writing, with or without a name signed thereto, or signed with a fictitious name, or with any letter, mark or other designation, or shall publish or cause to be published any false statement for the purpose of preventing such other person from obtaining employment in this State or elsewhere, and every person who shall "blacklist" or cause to be "blacklisted" any person or persons, by writing, printing, publishing, or causing the same to be done, the name or any mark or designation representing the name of any person in any paper, pamphlet, circular or book, together with any false statement concerning said persons so named or shall publish that any one is a member of any secret organization, for the purpose of preventing such other person from securing employment, or any person who shall do any of the things mentioned in this section for the purpose of causing the discharge of any person employed by any railroad or other company, corporation, individuals or individual, shall, on conviction, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor and punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail, or by

ΜΟΝΤΑΝΑ.

CODES AND STATUTES-SANDER'S EDITION-1895.

POLITICAL Code.

Protection of discharged employees, blacklisting, etc.

SECTION 3390. If any person, after having discharged an employee from his service prevents, or attempts to prevent, by word or writing of any kind, such discharged employee from obtaining employment with any other person, such person is punishable as provided in section 656 of the Penal Code, and is liable in punitive damages to such discharged person, to be recovered by civil action; no person is prohibited from informing, by word or writing, any person to whom such discharged person or employee has applied for employment, a truthful statement of the reason for such discharge.

SEC. 3391. If any company or corporation in this State authorizes or allows any of its agents to blacklist, or any person does blacklist, any discharged employee, or attempts by word or writing, or any other means whatever, to prevent any discharged employee, or any employee who may have voluntarily left said company's service, from obtaining employment with another person, except as provided for in the next preceding section, such company or corporation or person, is liable in punitive damages to such employee so prevented from obtaining employment, to be recovered by him in civil action; and is also punishable as provided in section 656 of the Penal

Code.

SEC. 3392. It is the duty of any person, after having discharged any employee from his service, upon demand by such discharged employee, to furnish him in writing a full, succinct and complete statement of the reason of his discharge, and if such person refuses so to do within a reasonable time after such demand, it is unlawful thereafter for such person to furnish any statement of the reason of such discharge to any person, or in any way to blacklist or to prevent such discharged person from procuring employment elsewhere, subject to the penalties and damages prescribed in this chapter.

5. To commit any act injurious to the public health, to public morals, or for the perversion or obstruction of justice, or due administration of the laws.

They are punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or both.

SEC. 322. No conspiracies other than those enumerated in the preceding sections are punishable criminally.

SEC. 323. No agreement, except to commit a felony upon the person of another, or to commit arson or burglary, amounts to a conspiracy, unless some act, besides such agreement, be done to effect the object thereof, by one or more of the parties to the agreement.

SEC. 325. The provisions of this chapter do not apply to any arrangement, agreement or combination between laborers made with the object of lessening the number of hours of labor, or increasing wages, nor to persons engaged in horticulture. or agriculture, with a view of enhancing the price of their products.

* *

PART I—TITLE IX-CHAPTER XI.—Protection of discharged employees, blacklisting, etc. SEC. 656. Every person who violates any of the provisions of * [sections 3390, 3391 and 3392] of the Political Code, relating to the protection of discharged employees, and the prevention of blacklisting is guilty of a misdemeanor.

ACTS OF 1903.

CHAPTER 80.-Employment of labor-Fraudulent representations, etc. SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons, society, company, association, corporation, or organization of any kind, doing business in this State, to

in this State, through or by means of deception, misrepresentation and false advertising concerning the kind or character of the work, or the sanitary or other conditions of employment, or as to the existence of a strike or other trouble pending between the employer and the employees, at the time of, or immediately prior to such engagement. Failure to state in any advertisement, proposal or contract for the employment of workmen that there is a strike, lockout, or other labor trouble at the place of the proposed employment, when in fact such strike, lockout or other trouble then actually exists at such place, shall be deemed a false advertisement and misrepresentation for the purpose of this act.

SEC. 2. Every person, company, corporation, society, association, or organization of any kind, doing business in this State, violating any of the provisions of this act, is punishable by a fine of not less than one hundred ($100) dollars, not [nor] more than two thousand ($2,000) dollars.

SEC. 3. Any workman of this State, or any workman of any State, who has been, or shall be, influenced, induced or persuaded to engage with any person mentioned in section 1 of this act, through or by means of any of the things prohibited by this act, shall have a right of action for recovery of all damages that he has sustained in consequence of the deception, misrepresentation and false advertising used to induce him to change his place of employment, against any person, corporation, company, or association, directly or indirectly procuring such change, and in addition thereto, he shall recover reasonable attorney's fees to be fixed by the court and taxed as costs in any judgment recovered.

NEVADA.

ACTS OF 1905.

CHAPTER 150.-Blacklisting.

SECTION 1. No corporation, company, organization, or individual shall blacklist or publish, or cause to be blacklisted or published, any employee, mechanic, or laborer discharged by such corporation, company, organization or individual with the intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic, or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company, organization, or individual.

SEC. 2. If any officer or agent of any corporation, company, organization, or individual, or other person, shall blacklist or publish or cause to be blacklisted or published any employee, mechanic or laborer discharged by such corporation, company, organization, or individual, with the intent and for the purpose of preventing such employee, mechanic or laborer from engaging in or securing similar or other employment from any other corporation, company, organization, or individual, or shall in any manner conspire or contrive by correspondence or otherwise, to prevent such discharged employee from procuring employment, he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not less than fifty, nor more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than thirty nor more than ninety days, or both.

SEC. 3. But this act shall not be construed as prohibiting any corporation, company, organization or individual, from giving in writing, on application from such discharged employee, or any corporation, company, organization or individual who may desire to employ such discharged employee, a truthful statement of the reason for such discharge: Provided, That said written cause of discharge, when so made by such person, agent, company, organization or corporation shall not be used as the cause for an action for libel, either civil or criminal, against the person, agent, company, organization or corporation so furnishing the same.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

PUBLIC STATUTES OF 1891.

CHAPTER 264.-Interference with employment.

SECTION 2. No person shall address any offensive, derisive, or annoying word to any other person who is lawfully in any street or other public place, nor call him by any offensive or derisive name, nor make any noise or exclamation in his presence and hearing with intent to deride, offend, or annoy him, or to prevent him from pursu