about the wrist, and a second turn to hold the first; pass obliquely across the back of the hand to the extremities of the fingers; ascend the hand to the root of the thumb by several spiral turns; cover the wrist by ascending figure-of-8 turns; ascend the forearm by spiral reversed turns; cover the elbow by a figure-of-8, and the arm by spiral reversed turns; end the bandage by two circular turns, and pin them together (Fig. 254).

FIG. 254.-Spiral reversed bandage of the upper extremity.

Spiral Bandage of All the Fingers (Gauntlet).—The gauntlet bandage requires a roller one inch wide and one and a half yards long. Take two circular turns around the wrist, pass obliquely across the wrist to the root of the thumb, and descend to its tip by spiral turns; cover in the thumb by ascending spiral reverses, and return to the wrist. Cover in each successive finger in the same manner, and terminate by two circular turns around the wrist (Fig. 255).

Spiral Bandage of the Palm or Dorsum of the Hand (Demi-gauntlet).-The demi-gauntlet requires a roller one inch wide and four yards long. This bandage has only a limited value; it must not be applied tightly, as it makes much pressure at the finger-roots, but leaves the fingers free. If it is desired to cover the palm, supinate the hand; if to cover the dorsum, pronate the hand. Take two circular turns

around the wrist, sweep around the root of the thumb, and return to the point of origin. Treat each finger in the same way. End by circular turns around the wrist (Fig. 256).

Spica of the Thumb.-For this bandage use a roller one inch wide and three yards long. Start at the wrist, and reach the tip of the thumb as in applying a spiral bandage of a finger. Make a series of ascending figure-of-8 turns between thumb and wrist, each ascending turn overlying two-thirds of the previous turn; terminate with a circular of the wrist (Fig. 257).

FIG. 257.-Spica of the thumb.

Selva's Thumb Bandage (Fig. 258).—Lay the terminal end of the bandage on the outer side of the second phalanx of the thumb, near the base of the phalanx. Carry it over

FIG. 258. Selva's thumb-bandage applied.

the palmar side of the pulp of the last phalanx to the inner side of the second phalanx. The surgeon holds this turn in place with his left thumb and index finger. The roller is returned in a recurrent manner to its place of origin, overlaps the preceding turn, and is placed as much as possible on the dorsum. The roller is carried over the dorsum of the terminal phalanx and is turned around the tip, the loop crossing over the center of the nail. Figure-of-8 turns are now made over the dorsum of the hand, over the palm, and returning to the terminal phalanx, and an ascending spica is made.1

Spiral Reversed Bandage of the Lower Extremity. -Take a roller two and a half inches wide and seven yards long, and make two circular turns just above the malleoli, and an oblique turn across the dorsum of the foot to the

1 Medical News, Sept. 28, 1895.

metatarsophalangeal articulation; make a circular turn, and cover the foot with ascending spiral reversed turns; return to the ankle by a figure-of-8; ascend the leg by spiral reverses; cover the knee by a figure-of-8, and the thigh by spiral reverses; terminate by two circular turns (Fig. 259).

Bandage of the Foot covering the Heel (American Bandage of the Foot).-Take a roller two and a half inches

wide and seven yards long. The bandage is begun as is a spiral reversed bandage of the lower extremity. After the foot is well covered by ascending spiral reversed turns carry the bandage directly around the point of the

FIG. 259-Spiral reversed bandage of the lower extremity.

FIG. 260.-Method of covering the heel.

heel and return to the instep; from this point carry it around the back of the ankle, down the side of the heel, under the heel, up to the instep, around the ankle in the opposite direction, down the opposite side of the heel, and under the heel and up to the instep; take the roller to above the malleoli, and end by a circular turn (Fig. 260). Bandage of the Foot not covering the Heel (French Method). Take a roller two and a half inches wide and six yards long. Make a spiral reversed bandage of the foot and a figure-of-8 of the ankle-joint (Fig. 261).

Spiral Bandage of the Foot covering the Heel (Ribbail's Bandage; Spica of the Instep).-Take a roller two and a half inches wide and six yards long. Apply as a spiral reversed bandage of the lower extremity until the metatarsus is well covered. Carry the bandage, parallel with the margin of the foot (the inner or outer margin, according as to whether it is the left foot or the right), around the posterior aspect of the heel, along the opposite margin of the foot to cross the original turn at the median line of the dor

sum. Make a number of these ascending turns, each turn covering in three-fourths of the previous turn; terminate by circular turns above the ankle (Fig. 262).

FIG. 261.-Figure-of-8 bandage of the ankle.

FIG. 262.-Spica of the instep.

Crossed Bandage of both Eyes (Figure-of-8 of both Eyes). Take a roller two inches wide and six yards long. Make a circular turn around the forehead from right to left, a second turn to hold the first, a turn downward over the left eye, under the left ear, around the back of the neck, and upward under the right ear and over the right eye; repeat these turns, and terminate by a circular turn of the forehead (Fig. 263).

FIG. 263.-Crossed figure-of-8 bandage of both eyes.

FIG. 264.-Barton's bandage or figure-of-8 of the jaw.

Barton's Bandage (Figure-of-8 of the Jaw and Occiput). -Take a roller two inches wide and five yards long. Place the initial extremity of the bandage behind the inion; pass over the right parietal bone, across the vertex, down the left side in front of the ear, under the chin, up the right side in

front of the ear, across the vertex, and across the left parietal bone to the point of origin. A turn is now taken forward along the right side of the jaw to the chin, and backward along the left side of the jaw from the chin to the nape of the neck; repeat these turns, and pin the points of junction (Fig. 264). In Barton's bandage the ear lies in an uncovered triangle. The bandage may be finished by circular turns around the forehead. Barton's bandage is used for fracture of the lower jaw.

Borsch's eye-bandage is convenient and useful (Fig. 265). A narrow bandage is laid along the head and permitted to hang down the face in front of the sound eye. A circular bandage is applied around both eyes and over the narrow bandage (A). The narrow strip is lifted and pinned, and the sound eye is thus uncovered. Of course, the posterior end of A should first be pinned to the circular turn.

Gibson's Bandage.-Take a roller two inches wide and six yards long. Make three vertical turns around the head and the jaw in front of the ear; reverse the bandage above the level of the ear, and carry it horizontally around the forehead and head three times; drop the bandage to the nape of the neck, and take three turns around the neck and jaw; terminate by taking from the nape of the neck a half turn upward, carrying the bandage forward to the forehead, and pinning it over the neck and over the forehead. Pin each point of junction (Fig. 266). Gibson's bandage is used for fracture of the lower jaw.

Crossed Bandage of the Angle of the Jaw (Oblique Bandage of the Jaw).-Take a roller two inches wide and six