sippi a voter must be able to read or understand the Constitution. In all the States persons convicted of felony, and in most of the States paupers, idiots and lunatics are excluded from suffrage.

Naturalization Papers

DECLARATION OF INTENTION

I, A. B., do declare, on oath, that it is bona fide my intention to become a citizen of the United States, and to renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to all and any foreign prince, potentate, state, and sovereignty whatever; and particularly to Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Sworn in open court, this day of

19-.

A. B.

I, L. T.. clerk of the court of—, do certify that the above is a true copy of the original declaration of intention of A. B. to become a citizen of the United States, remaining on record at my office.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed [SEAL] the seal of the said court, the one thousand nine

hundred and

day of

Oath of Alien

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

STATE OF NEW York,
County of

88.

A. B., being duly sworn, doth depose and say, that he is a resident in the State of New York, and intends always to reside in the United States, and to become a citizen thereof as soon as he can be naturalized, and that he has taken such incipient measures as the laws of the United States require, to enable him to obtain naturalization.

Sworn before me, the

day of, 19-.

J. S., Clerk of the U. S. District Court.

Certificate of Citizenship

Be it remembered, that on the

day of, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and A. B., late of Limerick, Ireland. at present of the city of, in the State of appeared in the court of — (the said court being a court of record, having common-law jurisdiction and a clerk and seal), and applied to the said court to be admitted to become a citizen of the United States of America, pursuant to the directions of the act of Congress of the United States of America, entitled, "An act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject;" and also to an act entitled' An act in addition to an act, entitled 'An act to establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject;'" and also to the "Act relative to evidence in cases of naturalization," passed 22d March, 1816; and also to an act entitled "An act in further addition to an act to establish an uniform rule

of naturalization, and to repeal the acts heretofore passed on that subject," passed May 26, 1824. And the said A. B., having thereupon produced to the court such evidence, made such declaration and renunciation, and taken such oath, as are by the said acts required:

Thereupon it was ordered by the said court, that the said A. B. be admitted, and he was accordingly admitted by the said court to be a citizen of the United States of America.

In testimony whereof, the seal of the said court is hereunto affixed this day of, in the year one thousand nine hundred and

(SEAL] and in the

year of our independence.

Per curiam.

L. T.. Clerk.

The Registration of Voters is required in the states of Alabama, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois (in Cook County, if unregistered, voter cannot swear in his vote), Iowa (in cities of 3,500 or over), Kansas (in cities of the first and second class), Kentucky (in incorporated towns and cities), Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri (in cities of 25,000 or over), Montana (in cities of over 7,000), New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota (in towns of 800 or over), Ohio (in cities of over 14,000), Oklahoma (in cities of over 2,500), Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Rhode Island (by non-taxpayers), Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming.

In Pennsylvania voters are registered by the assessors.

Registration is not required in Arkansas, Indiana, New Hampshire, or Texas.

OFFICIAL POSITIONS

UNDER THE CIVIL SERVICE ACT

The Civil Service Act, as it is commonly called, or the "Act to Regulate and Improve the Civil Service of the United States," as it is officially designated, was passed in January, 1883. It provides for the appointment of three commissioners, a chief examiner, a secretary, and other employees, and makes it the duty of the commissioners to aid the President in preparing rules for carrying the new act into effect, to make regulations to govern all examinations held under the provisions of the act, and to make investigations and report upon all matters touching

the enforcement and effect of the rules and regulations. The address of the commissioner is Washington, D. C.

Number of positions.-There are over 335,000 positions in the executive civil service, about half of which are subject to competitive examination.

Qualifications of Applicants.-Applicants for examination must be citizens of the United States, and of the proper age. No person using intoxicating liquors to excess may be appointed. No discrimination is made on account of sex, color, or political or religious opinions. The limitations of age vary with the different services, but do not apply to any person honorably discharged from the military or naval service of the United States by reason of disability resulting from wounds or sickness incurred in the line of duty.

How Application must be Made.-Persons seeking to be examined must file an application blank. The blank for the departmental service at Washington, railway mail service, the Indian school service, and the government printing service should be requested directly of the civil service commission at Washington. The blank for the customs, postal, or internal revenue service must be requested in writing of the civil service board of examiners at the office where service is sought. These papers should be returned to the officers from whom they emanated.

Examinations are open to all persons qualified in respect to age, citizenship, legal residence, character, and health. More than one thousand local boards of examiners, designated by the commission, conduct examinations, make certification of eligibles, and perform such other work as may be assigned to them, at postoffices, custom houses, mints, and other local government institutions.

Register of Eligibles.-The name of each person obtaining a grade of 70 on the basis of 100 is entered in the order of his rating on the register of eligibles, with the names of those entitled to military or naval preference under Section 1,754, R. S., ahead of all others.

Appointments. In case of a vacancy not filled by promotion, reduction, transfer, or reinstatement, the highest three of the sex called for on the appropriate register are certified for appointment, the apportionment being considered in appointments at Washington. In the absence of eligibles, or when the work is of short duration, temporary appointments, without examination, are permitted. The number of women applying for

clerical places is greatly in excess of the calls of appointing officers. The positions to which the largest numbers of them are appointed are those of assistant microscopist in the branch offices of the Bureau of Animal Industry at the various stockyards throughout the country, and teachers, matrons, seamstresses, etc., in the Indian service. A few receive appointments as stenographers and typewriters in the departmental service, and a few are appointed to technical and professional places.

Preference Claimants.-Persons who served in the military or naval service of the United States, and were discharged by reason of disabilities resulting from wounds or sickness incurred in the line of duty, are, under the civil service rules, given certain preferences. They are released from all maximum age limitations, are eligible for appointment at a grade of 65, while all others are obliged to obtain a grade of 70, and are certified to appointing officers before all others. Subject to the other conditions of the rules, a veteran of the rebellion or of the war with Spain, or the widow of any such person, or any army nurse of either war, may be reinstated without regard to the length of time he or she has been separated from the service.

Dismissals and Removals.-The civil service rules provide that no person in the executive civil service shall dismiss, or cause to be dismissed, or make any attempt to procure the dismissal of or in any manner change the official rank or compensation of any other person therein, because of his political or religious opinions or affiliations; that no removal shall be made from any position subject to competitive examination except for just cause and upon written charges filed with the head of the department or other appointing officer, and of which the accused shall have full notice and an opportunity to make defense; and that no person in the executive civil service shall use his official authority or official influence for the purpose of interfering with an election or controlling the result thereof. Such rules also provide that any person in the executive civil service who shall wilfully violate any provision of the civil service act or rules shall be dismissed from office.

Political Assessments.-The civil service act contains provisions forbidding any person in the service of the United States from levying upon or collecting from persons in the executive civil service contributions to be devoted to political objects, the collection of such contributions by any person in any public building of the United States, or discrimination against persons

who do not make such contributions or render political service. A violation of any of the provisions concerning political assessments, or their collection in a public building of the United States, is declared to be a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or by such fine and imprisonment both in the discretion of the court. The act also declares that when rules to carry its provisions into effect shall have been promulgated, "it shall be the duty of all officers of the United States in the departments and offices to which any such rules may relate, to aid, in all proper ways, in carrying said rules, and any modifications thereof, into effect."

Publications of the Commission.-Among the publications of the commission for free distribution are the following:

Manual of Examinations, giving places and dates of examinations, rules by which papers are rated, descriptions of examinations, specimen questions, and general information.

The Civil Service Act, Rules and Regulations.

The Annual Reports of the Commission, showing its work. These annual reports, of which nineteen have been issued, may be consulted at public libraries.

PARTNERSHIP

A partnership exists when two or more persons combine their property, their labor, their skill, or all of these in business, to share the gains and losses in certain proportions.

The Firm is the name, style or title under which the partners do business, and also means the partners themselves, taken collectively. The firm name should be set forth in the articles.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARTNERSHIP

A General Partnership is constituted between individuals if they agree to enter into a general or particular business, to share the profits and losses together without fixing any limitations or conditions.

A Special or Limited Partnership is an agreement entered into to allow a special partner, whose name does not appear in that of the firm, to put in a limited amount of capital and to receive a corresponding share of the profits, and be held correspondingly responsible for the contracts of the firm.

Such partnerships were unknown to the common law, and