Greensand marls.-These marls have been used more largely in New Jersey than in any other section, and while the deposits there have been more extensively worked in that State than in any other section they are by no means confined to it, but are found in many of the other States of the Atlantic coast, and in the far West. Their value depends almost entirely upon the percentage of phosphoric acid and potassa they contain· The deposits are divided into lower, middle, and upper beds; those from the middle beds being considered the most valuable and most generally selected for fertilizing purposes.

The marls exhibited and their analyses were furnished by Prof. George H. Cook.

20. Blue marl, from J. G. Smock's pits, near Holmdel, Monmouth County, New Jersey.

21. Red or highbank marl, from J. G. Smock's pits, near Holmdel, Monmouth County, New Jersey.

22. Grey marl, from J. G. Smock's pits, near Holmdel, Monmouth County, New Jersey.

23. Blue marl, from Rev. G. C. Schanck's pits, near Marlborough, Monmouth County, New Jersey: P2O5, 2.08; H2, SO4, —; SiO2, 56.30; CO2, -; K2O, 4.92; CaO,; Mgo, 1.70; Al2O3, 8.20; FeO, 17.38; H2O, 8.05. 24. Blue marl, from J. R. Perrine's pits, Manalapan, Monmouth County, New Jersey: P2O5, 2.37; SiO2, 47.10; CaO, 2.52; MgO, 2.44; Al2O3, FeO, 32.93; H2O, 8.90.

25. Green marl, from Ballin's Mills, Gloucester County, New Jersey. 26. Green marl, from Cream Ridge Marl Company, Upper Freehold, Monmouth County, New Jersey: P205, 1.34; H5SO4, -; SiO2, 46.82; CO2, -; K2O, 5.59; CaO, 2.02; MgO, 3.10; Al2O3, 6.48; FeO, 23.93; H2O, 9.70..

27. Green marl, from Pemberton Marl Company, Birmingham, Burlington County, New Jersey: P2O5, 1.28; H2SO4, 1.37; SiO2, 51.92; CO2, —; K2O, 5.36; CaO, 1.68; MgO, 3.38; Al2O3, 5.40; FeO, 19.82; H2O, 8.70. 28. Chocolate marl, from Pemberton Marl Company, Birmingham, Burlington County, New Jersey.

29. Green marl, from Fostertown and South Branch Marl and Transportation County, Burlington County, New Jersey.

30. Limesand, from General H. Irick's pits, Vincentown, Burlington County, New Jersey.

31. Limesand, from Hanies's mill, near Medford, Burlington County, New Jersey.

32. Green marl, from Burlington pits, near Lumberton, Burlington County, New Jersey.

33. Green marl, from M. Roger's pits, Kirkwood, Camden County, New Jersey: P2O5, 2.24; H2SO4, 0.39; SiO2, 50.80; K2O, 5.18; CaO, 2.13; MgO, 3.59; FeO, 18.83; Al2O3, 8.77; H2O, 8.46.

34. Green marl, from D. Marshall's pits, Blackwoodtown, Camden County, New Jersey: P2O5, 3.66; H2SO4, 0.62; SiO2, 49.94; K2O, 6.31; CaO, 2.37; MgO, 2.71; FeO, Al2O3, 24.54; H2O, 9.43.

35. Green marl, from Thomas Heritage's pits, Hurfoille, Gloucester County, New Jersey: P2O5, 2.50; SiO2, 47.30; CaO, 2.97; MgO, 2.69; Al2O3 FeO, 29.91; H2O, S.96.

36. Green marl, from West Jersey Marl Company, Barnsboro', Gloucester County, New Jersey: P2O5, 1.60; H2SO4, -; SiO2, 51.10; CO2, —; K2O, 6.46; CaO, 2.13; MgO, 3.85; Al2O3, 9.15; FeO, 18.20; H2O, 6.75.

37. Green marl, from N. T. Stratton's pits, Mullica Hill, Gloucester County, New Jersey.

38. Green marl, from Dickinson & Bro.'s, Woodstown, Salem County, New Jersey: P2O5, 1.47; H2SO4, —; SiO2, 50.85; CO1⁄2 —; K2O, 5.33; CaO, 1.65; MgO, 2.95; Al2O3, 6.89; FeO, 21.34; H2O, 8.40.

39

39. Green marl, from Squankum and Freehold Marl Company, Farmingdale, Monmouth County, New Jersey: P2O5, 4.67; H2SO4, 0.51; SiO2, 52.70; CO2, 0.00; K2O, 3.81; CaO, 5.52; MgO, 2.70; Al2O3, 8.66; FeO, 15.92; H2O, 6.40.

40. Ash marl, from Squankum and Freehold Marl Company, Farmingdale, N. J.: P2O5, 3.17; H2SO4, 0.57; SiO2, 59.05; Co2, —; K2O, 4.72; CaO, 4.65; MgO, 2.66; Al2O3, 6.67; FeO, 11.27; H2O, 7.50.

41. Green marl, from Vincentown Marl Company, Vincentown, Burlington County, New Jersey: P2O5, 2.46; H2SO4, 0.17; SiO2, 57.35; CO2, -; K2O, 4.47; CaO, 3.36; MgO, 2.99; Al2O3, 5.86; FeO, 15.03; H2O, 8.20.

42. Green marl, from Hamilton Adam's pits, Clementon, Camden County, New Jersey: P2O5, 2.64; H2SO4, 0.44; SiO2, 56.20; K2O, 5.37; CaO, 1.98; MgO, 1.61; Al2O3, 6.00; FeO, 16.29; H2O, 9.28.

43. Green marl, from G. Ayars's pits, near Jericho, Cumberland County, New Jersey.

44. Yellow marl, from G. Ayars's pits, near, Jericho, Cumberland County, New Jersey.

IV.-NATURAL FERTILIZERS.

A.-MINERAL FERTILIZERS (PHOSPHATE ROCKS).

1. Group of specimens of river rock, from Stono River, South Carolina, with fossil teeth and bones formed in connection with them.

2. Group of specimens of land rocks, with fossil teeth and bones, from Ashley River, South Carolina.

3. River phosphate, Coosaw River, South Carolina.

4. Land phosphate, Cohr's Place, Cooper River.

5 Land phosphate, Wando Mining and Manufacturing Company, Ashley River, South Carolina.

6. Bull River rocks.

7. Land phosphate, Boag's Place, South Carolina.

8. Land phosphate, Oak Point Mines, Bull River.

9. Land phosphate, Wando Mining and Manufacturing Company, Ashley River.

Locality.

10. Marsh phosphate, Cohr's Place, Cooper River.

11. Fossil teeth, Coosaw River.

12. Fossil vertebra, Wando Mining and Manufacturing Company. 13. Elephant's tooth, Wando Mining and Manufacturing Company. 14. Fossil teeth, Coosaw River.

15. Fossil wood, Coosaw River.

Sample of phosphate rock weighing 1,590 pounds, from Charleston, S. C.

The following table shows the average composition of these materials:

The rock as delivered contained 7. 41 per cent. of moisture, hence the content of bone phosphate of lime amounted to 54. 59 per cent.

0.79 5.80
10.07
0.84 4.22

3. 61

8. 19

25. 14

54.88 1 13.30

3.545

8.06

27.11

59.18

3.54

8.04

27.255

59.50

B.-VEGETABLE FERTILIZERS.

1. Marsh mud, from tide meadows, Atlantic City, Atlantic County' New Jersey.

2. Marsh mud, from banked meadows, Mannington, Salem County, New Jersey. The composition of this mud is represented in the following analysis of specimens from four localities other than that from which the sample exhibited was obtained: SiO2, 60.62; Al2O3, 12.59; Fe2O3, 4.84; CaO, 0.76; MgO, 0.64; K2O, 1.32; Na2O, 0.98; Cl, 0.17; HSO4, 0.92; P2O5, 0.16; organic matter and water, 15.61; hygroscopic moisture, 2.15.

3. Muck, from a swamp of deciduous and coniferous trees. H. A. Green, Atco, Camden County, New Jersey.

4. Muck, from savanna land, W. Regu, Atco, Camden County, New Jersey.

5. Muck, from a swamp of coniferous trees near Jackson, Camden County, New Jersey.

6. Seaweed-kelp. Contributed by Vinal N. Edwards, Wood's Holl,

Mass.

7. Seaweed (rock weed), Vinal N. Edwards, Wood's Holl, Mass. 8. Seaweed (rockweed), Vinal N. Edwards, Wood's Holl, Mass.

9. Mesembry anthemum crystallinum, California.

10. Sueda californica, California.

The two plants last named grow largely upon the coast of California, and are supposed to be of value on account of the large percentage of mineral matter they contain, especially potassa, and also like kelp as a source of iodine.

C. ANIMAL FERTILIZERS.

1. Cancerine, manufactured on the coast of New Jersey from the king crab (Limulus polyphemus) by drying and pulverizing. Contributed by Prof. George H. Cook.

2. Crude menhaden, residue remaining after extracting of oil.

3. Air-dried menhaden.

4. Steam-dried menhaden.

5. Pork cracklin, refuse from manufacture of lard.

6. Dried blood.

The last five materials were contributed by the Pacific Guano Company of Boston, Mass., and Charleston, S. C.

7. Atlantic Phosphate Company's dried flesh. Contributed by Dr. C. U. Shepard, jr., Charleston, S. C.

8. Bat excrement, from a cave near Georgetown, Williamson County, Texas. (Contributed by R. E. Talbot.)

9. Bat excrement, J. Bandera, Texas. (Contributed by J. A. V. Pue.) 10. Bat excrement, Spencer, Tenn. (Contributed by Hugh J. Brady.) 11. Bat excrement, Huntsville, Ala. (Contributed by J. E. Miller.) 12. Matter found disseminated through the deposits of bat excrement formed near Huntsville, Ala. (Contributed by J. E. Miller.)

13. Bat excrement, Benton County, Arkansas.
14. Bat excrement, San Antonio, Tex. (Contributed by H. Weir.)
15. Bat excrement, Bandera, Tex. (Contributed by J. A. V. Pue.)

The following table, taken from the Monthly Report of the Department for May and June, 1876, shows the composition of some of the samples mentioned above:

The Roman numerals, at the top of the table, represent different samples as follows:

I. Sample from Brierfield, Ala. Part of the deposit from which it was taken was burned during the war, but this sample represents that portion which remains uninjured.

II. Sample from same deposit representing the remains of the burned portion. It has the appearance of dry, sandy soil.

III. Sample from Bandera, Tex.

IV. Sample from San Antonio, Tex.

V. Sample from Benton County, Arkansas.

VI. Sample from Georgetown, Williamson County, Texas.
VII. Sample from Cave City, Ky.

V.-COMBINATION OF NATURAL FERTILIZERS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS.

The next subdivision consists of materials representing the combination of the natural fertilizers for the production of the so-called commercial or artificial fertilizers. We show first the substances more generally used by manufacturers, arranged in the order in which they are applied in the process of manufacture. These series almost invariably contain imported articles, since these are necessary to the production of standard and first-class articles. The substances more largely imported for this purpose are nitrate of soda and the German potash salts. In many cases Peruvian guano is employed to supply ammonia.

We therefore divide this group into (1) Series illustrating process of manufacture of artificial fertilizers; (2) Manufactured articles.

The first series representing process of manufacture is that contributed by the Pacific Guano Company, of Boston, Mass., and Charleston, S. C., as follows:

1. South Carolina land.

2. South Carolina land, marsh.

3. South Carolina land, marsh, crushed.

4. South Carolina land, marsh, ground.

5. Sulphur.

6. Nitrate of soda.

7. Sulphuric acid.

8. A compound acid phosphate lime.

9. Sulphate ammonia.

10. German Leopoldshall Kainit.

11. Crude menhaden fish scrap.

12. Air-dried menhaden fish scrap.

13. Steam-dried menhaden fish scrap.

14. Dried meat pork cracklins.

15. Pacific Guano Company's fertilizer.