193. In parsing a conjunction, state (1) its class and (2) what it connects. EXERCISE 25. Parse etymologically the italicized conjunctions in the following sentences: 1. When my time was expired, I worked my passage home; and glad I was to see Old England again, because I loved my country.-Goldsmith. 2. Some murmur when their sky is clear, 4. Millions of spiritual creatures walk the earth unseen, Both when we wake and when we sleep.-Milton. 194. The Interjection. The interjection is parsed by simply naming it: it has no grammatical relations in the sentence. METHOD OF ABBREVIATED PARSING. The method of abbreviated parsing here presented is based on the principle of enumerating only such grammatical forms as affect the construction, and of omitting what may be understood in the terms of statement; as, singular for " singular number," indicative for "indicative mood," etc. Noun....... NUMBER singular or plural. (Number in proper nouns omitted). CASE-nominative, possessive, or objective (as denoted by form or use). Omitted: CLASS, PERSON, and GENDER-as not affecting the construction. When, however, a noun is in the 2d or 3d person, the fact may be stated. Pronoun.... CLASS-personal, relative, or interrogative. PERSON-(in personal pronouns; in relative pronouns of the 1st or 2d person only). NUMBER-singular or plural. GENDER-(in personal pronouns of the 3d person singu lar only). CASE (nominative or objective as denoted by use: possessives to be parsed as adjectives or as pronominals, nominative or objective). Omitted: PERSON in all but the personal pronouns and in relatives of 1st and 2d persons; GENDER in all but the personal pronoun of the 3d pers. sing. Adjective... CLASS-limiting (pronominal) or qualifying. Omitted: SUBDIVISIONS of limiting adjectives; DEGREE, if positive. Verb......... Adverb...... CONJUGATION-regular or irregular. VOICE (only if passive). MOOD-indicative, potential, etc. TENSE-present, past, etc. PERSON-first, second, or third. NUMBER-singular or plural. CLASS-simple or conjunctive. COMPARISON (if comparative or superlative). OFFICE (if simple, What does it modify? If conjunc. tive, What propositions does it connect? Prepositions....words connected. Conjunctions...words or propositions connected. I. MODEL OF ABBREVIATED ORAL PARSING. After Wellington's victory at Waterloo, Napoleon, the Emperor of France, was banished to St. Helena, a desolate island in the Atlantic Ocean. after.............. ..is a preposition, connecting "victory" with ". was banished." Wellington's.......is a noun in the possessive case, modifying "victory." victory ........... at.... ......... ..is a noun in the objective singular, depending on ..is a preposition, connecting "Waterloo" with “victory.” Waterloo............is a noun in the objective case, depending on "at.” .is a noun in the nominative case, subject of "was banished." Napoleon.... the............ ..is a limiting adjective, limiting "Emperor." Emperor....... ...is a noun in the nominative singular, in apposition of......... with "Napoleon.” ..is a preposition, connecting "France" with "Emperor." was banished......is a regular transitive verb, passive, in the third person singular, past indicative. to.......................is a preposition, connecting "St. Helena" with 66 was banished." a.... .is a limiting adjective, limiting "island." desolate..............is a qualifying adjective, modifying “island.” island.................is a noun in the objective singular, in apposition with "St. Helena." in.................................................................is a preposition, connecting " Atlantic Ocean" with "island." Atlantic Ocean...is a noun in the objective singular, depending on "in." II. MODEL OF ABBREVIATED WRITTEN PARSING. Speech is a great blessing to mankind; but, alas! we too often pervert it. it pers. pronoun 3d pers. sing, neut., object of "pervert" indic., pres., 1st pl. obj. 66 PREPOSITION: I go a-fishing.” after*......PREPOSITION: "You came after me." ADVERB: (simple), "You came soon after;" (conjunctive), "You came after I left."+ above.......PREPOSITION: "above the ground;" "above mean actions." 1. The adjective use of "above" is generally condemned by grammarians, but it seems to be firmly established. 2. The metaphorical application of "above," as in the phrase "above comprehension," readily passes over to the meaning more than: as, "above the price of rubies;" "above a dozen" [dozen, a noun]. all...........ADJECTIVE: "All men are mortal." ADJECTIVE: any age;" "any complaints." PRONOMINAL: "Who is here so base that would be a bond man? If any, speak." ADVERB: "Are you any better?" ast...ADVERB: (simple) "As brave as a lion." (Conjunctive) "He spoke as we entered;"66. as far as we can see." *Termed: Continuative conjunction (Morrell).-Usually called a conjunction; better an adverb (Mason).—Relative adverb or subordinating conjunction (Bain). + In older English the usual conjunctive form was "after that:" as, "After that I was turned I repented."-Bible. This would indicate that, in its connective office, "after" is a preposition rather than a conjunction, the construction being that of a preposition followed by a noun-clause: "after [that I was turned]." Termed: Continuative conjunction (Morrell).—Conjunctive or connective adverb, in some cases; subordinative conjunction in other cases (Mason).— Relative or conjunctive adverb, or subordinating conjunction (Bain). |