5. The decline and disappearance of malaria after importation and epidemic prevalence is in part due to relative isolation of the inhabitants and protection by quinine and from mosquitoes, and in part to the absence of persons partially immunized by long exposure in endemic localities. 6. There is some evidence that sewage pollution in surface waters favors mosquito larvæ directly, through increase in food supply, indirectly, by injuring their enemies. 7. Since malaria may be latent and hence unrecognized, and since it is largely a disease of the lower classes whose movements it is difficult to control, the best method of reaching it is to suppress the mosquitoes whenever possible. 8. Malaria is of sufficient importance to become a notifiable disease. 9. Infants and children exposed should have their blood examined during any disturbance of health. 10. In times of epidemic malaria it may become necessary to make special regulations governing infected per sons. 11. It is of great importance that the relation of the widely distributed species, A. punctipennis, to the parasite of tertian fever be accurately determined. 12. It is also highly desirable to test the infecting power of fresh cases of tertian fever as compared with relapses and with individuals from malarial countries. ARTICLES REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT. 1. Thayer and Hewetson. The malarial fevers of Baltimore. Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports v. (1895) pp. 218. 2. Bastianelli e. Bignami. Sullo sviluppo dei parassiti della terzana, etc. Atti soc. per gli studi della malaria, i. (1899). 3. Grassi. Die Malaria. 2te Auflage. Jena, 1901, p. 148. 4. Schaudinn, Fr. Studien über krankheitserregende Protozoen II. Plasmodium vivax (Grassi u. Feletti). Arbeiten a. d. Kaiserl. Gesundheitsamt, 1902, xix., pp. 169-251. 5. Theobald Smith and F. L. Kilborne. Intestigations into the Nature, Causation and Prevention of Texas or Southern Cattle Fever. Washington, 1893, pp. 301. See also Centralbl. f. Bakteriologie, 1893, xiii., p. 511, and Trans. Assoc'n American Physicians, 1893, viii., p. 117. 6. R. Ross. The rôle of the mosquito in the evolution of the malarial parasite. Lancet, 1898, ii., p. 488. 7. W. G. MacCallum. On the haematozoan infection of birds. Journ. Exper. Med. 1898, iii., p. 117. 8. P. L. Simond. L'evolution des sporozoaires du genre coccidium. Annal. de l'Institut Pasteur, 1897, p. 545. 9. W. Schüffner. Die Beziehungen, d. Malariaparasiten zu Mensch u. Mücke an d. Ostküste Sumatras. Zeitschr, f. Hygiene, 1902, xli., p. 89. 10. J. Ewing. Malarial Parasitology. Journ. Exper. Med. 1900, v. p. 429. 11. Ruge. Einführung in d. Studium d. Malariakrankheiten. Jena, 1901, p 4. 12. Th. W. Jackson. Philadelphia Med. Journ., 1902, p. 715. 13. G. L. Peabody. Med. Record, 1901, i., p. 3. 14. H. St. Patterson. Med. Record, 1902, lxii., p. 369. 15. R. Ruge. Fragen u. Probleme d. modernen Malariaforschung. Centralbl. f. Bakt. Ite Abth. Originale, 1902, xxxii., p. 776. 16. R. Koch. Deutsche Med. Wochenschr, 1900, Nos. 17, 18, 25 and 34. 17. A. Plehn. Die Malaria, d. afrikan. Negerbevölkerung, besonders mit Bezug auf die Immunitätsfrage. Jena, 1902. 18. Christophers and Stevens. Reports to the Malaria Committee of the Royal Society. 1900-1902, i. to vii. 19. Annett, Dutton and Elliott. Report of the Malaria Expedition to Nigeria. Part I. Liverpool, 1901. 20. Max Glogner. Ueber Immunitat gegen Malaria. Archiv. für pathol. Anatomie, 1900, clxii., p. 222. 21. J. H. F. Kohlbrugge. Archiv. für pathol. Anatomie, 1900, clxi. p. 18. R. Koch. Reise- Berichte. Berlin, Springer, 1898, p. 72. 22. 23. H. Ziemann. Ueber Lomadera, etc. Deutsche Med. Wochenschr. 1902, p. 366. 24. G. Maurer. Die Malaria perniciosa. Centralbl. f. Bakteriologie. Ite Abth. Originale, 1902, xxxii., p. 695. 25. 26. 27. A. Caccini. The duration of the latency of malaria after primary in- A. Plehn, Weiteres über Immunität und Latenz periode. Jena, 1901. 28. Von Wasielewski. Ueber d. Verbreitung u. künstl. Uebertragung d. Vogelmalaria. Arch. f. Hygiene, 1901, xli., p. 68. 29. 30. 31. 32. W. S. Thayer. Philadelphia Med. Journal, 1900, v., 1046. W. N. Berkeley. Medical Record, 1901, p. 124. van der Scheer and Berkelom. Malaria and mosquitoes in Zealand. Brit. Med. Journ., 1901, i., p. 200. 33. P. Manson. Experimental proof of the mosquito malaria theory. Brit. Med. Journ. 1900, ii., p. 949. 34. C. S. Minot. Notes on Anopheles. Journ. Boston Soc. Med. Sciences, 1901, v., p. 325. 35. L. O. Howard. Mosquitoes. New York, 1901, pp. 241. 36. H. B. Bashore. The malarial mosquito on the Susquehanna. Med. Record, 1901, lix., p. 173. 37. Mühlens. Beitr. z. Frage d. gegenwärtigen Verbreitung d. Malaria in Nordwestdeutschland. D. Med. Wochenschr., 1902, p. 589. 38. E. O. Jordan. Notes on the occurrence and habitat of A. punctipennis and A maculipennis in the valley of the Androscoggin. Journ. Med. Research, 1902, vii., p. 1. 39a. J. F. A. Adams. Second Annual Report of the State Board of Health, Lunacy and Charity for 1880. Supplement, p. 45. 39b. J. F. A. Adams. The new Lenox malaria case. Boston Med. & Surg. Jour., 1882. Dec. 28. 40. Henry Bronson. History of Intermittent Fever in the New Haven District. Proc. Conn. Med. Soc. for 1872. 41. Z. B. Adams. Seventh Annual Report of the State Board of Health, Lunacy and Charity. Supplement, 1886, p. 3. 42. C. H. Cook. Intermittent Fever in Mass. State Board of Health, Public Document No. 34. Jan., 1890, p. 249. 43. J. J. Thomas. Intermittent Fever in the Charles River Valley. Rep. Joint Board, Improvement of Charles River, 1896. (Public Document.) 44. F. L. Morse. House Document (of Mass. Legislature), No. 1380, 45. Theodore Chamberlin. Ibid. p. 56. 46. Ergebnisse der wissenschaftl. Expedition des Geh. Med. Prof. Dr. Koch nach Italien, etc. Deutsche Med. Wochenschrift, 1899, p. 69. 47. Theobald Smith. Notes on Anopheles, etc., in the Boston suburbs. Journ. Boston Soc. Med Sc., 1901, v., p. 321. 48. Prescott F. Hall. 49. R. Mayo-Smith. Mm. E. et Ch. 50. N. A. Review, 1896, clxiii., p. 252. Emigration and Immigration, 1895, pp. 129-130, 133. Sergent. Observations sur les Anopheles de la banlieue de Paris. Annal. de l'Inst. Pasteur, 1902, xvi., p. 942. Report of the Board of Health of Rhode Island for 1880, p. 228. 52. E. H. Stevens. Malaria in Cambridge and vicinity. Boston Med. and Surg. Journal, 1892, cxxvii., p. 614. 51. 53. E. Martini. Deutsche Med. Wochenschr, 1902, p. 786. 54. E. Martini. Ueber d. Entstehung d. Neuerkrankungen an Malaria während des Frühjahres u. Sommers unserer Breiten. Zeitschrift f. Hygiene, 1902, xli., p. 147. 55. Theobald Smith. Concerning the probable effect of the proposed freshwater basin [of the Charles River] upon the occurrence of malaria. Report of the Committee on Charles River Dam. Appendix, No. 1, 1903. 57. H. L. Chase and A. C. Nyhen. Abatement of the mosquito nuisance in Brookline. Journ. Mass. Assoc'n Boards of Health, 1903, xii., p. 190. 58. R. W. Greenleaf. The Charles River in its relation to the etiology of intermittent fever. Boston Med. and Surg. Journ., 1894, cxxx., p. 353, 377. 59. H. P. Johnson. A new sporozoan parasite of Anopheles. Journ. 60. F. Kerschbaumer. Malaria, ihr Wesen, ihre Entstehung, ihre Verhütung. Wien, 1901. 61. Celli, A. La malaria secondo le nuove ricerche. Roma, 1899, p. 48. 62. Nuttall and Shipley. Structure and biology of Anopheles. Journ. of Hygiene, 1901, i, p. 45. 63. Theobald Smith. Journal Mass. Assoc'n Boards of Health, 1902, xii. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. (The photomicrographs were prepared by Mr. L. S. Brown, at the clinico-pathological laboratory of the Mass. General Hospital, with the kind permission of the director, Dr. J. H. Wright.) The specimens are all from insects caught in this State. PLATE I. Fig. 1. Culex stimulans. Head and appendages of male. Palpi long, with proboscis between them. Fig. 2. The same species. Head and appendages of female. Note short palpi and compare antennæ with those of male in preceding figure. PLATE II. Fig. 3. Anopheles maculipennis. Head and appendages of male. The proboscis is in part concealed by one of the palpi accidentally overlying it in the preparation. Note lateral bending of the distal segments of palpi. Fig. 4. Anopheles punctipennis. Head and appendages of female. Note long palpi and compare with short ones of female culex in Fig. 2. Note that antennæ in the females of both genera are alike, but different from those of the males which are also alike. The preparations are mounted in balsam. PLATE III. Fig. 5. Wing of Anopheles maculipennis, showing the spots due to condensation of scales rather vaguely. Mounted in air under coverglass. Fig. 6. Wing of Anopheles punctipennis, showing the yellowishwhite spots on various veins. Mounted in balsam. |