CHAPTER VII. PHRASES AND PHRASE WRITING. THERE are many phrases in which the words are SO closely united in utterance that it seems the natural effort of short-hand to combine them in one outline, and to make that outline as brief as possible. Phrases are constructed in four ways. I. By writing together the signs of several words. II. By writing word signs in position to suggest other additional words. III. By writing together the outlines of several words. IV. By combining both word signs and word outlines. Miniature Signs. To make phrases the more legible, special miniature signs are employed for the representation of some of those small words more commonly recurring in phrases. In writing them, their miniature size, their alphabetic form, and their direction, should be carefully preserved. These signs may be used separately as word signs as well as in phrasing. When used separately they should be written on the base line, because when written in position, they take another word, forming a phrase. Words Added by Position.—In phrasing, the positions are used to add words instead of letters, as follows: Word signs written in a position, add a or be; written in e position, add the; written in i position, add it or in; written in o position, add to or of; written in u position, add you or give or gave. Are or There Added by Shading.-In phrasing, the shade may be used on any sign either at the beginning or end, or in the midst of a phrase outline, to suggest are or there. Such Expressed by Ch.-This word does not appear thus represented in any of the exercises, the ch circle having been adopted after the engraving of the plates. The following exercises so fully illustrate its use that the student will be able easily to introduce it in his writing. The following full list of phrases and phrase signs so thoroughly illustrate the art of phraseography that to the attentive pupil no further explanation becomes necessary. There are many more than any writer will care to memorize, but by repeatedly writing them the art of phrase writing will be so thoroughly acquired that the writer will rely on his judgment rather than his memory. In practicing they should be written with careful precision and dispatch. 226 PHRASES AND SIGNS. a few a great all is all is well all may all my all may be all men all of all would all would be all people all which all which are all which were all will be all wrong all this is & all here, her all has all has been and are and he, how and have been and as, is and has |