and r,

In case of pr, it may be a vowel between the p making per, par, pir, por or pur, or it may be a vowel after the r, making pra, pre, pri, pro or pru. In case of shl, it is evident the vowel will occur between the h and 7, making shal, shel, shil, shol or shul.

It frequently occurs that the position letter is followed by r, t or d. In such cases the letter written in position is halved or shaded, as the case may be, the contraction being used to add the r, t or d to the position letter instead of to the letter which is halved or shaded, as in the word fate, the fƒ halved, and with the tick added, is written on a place, the halving to indicate the t following the position letter; for under, u halved and shaded at the end, is written on n place.

The pupil must clearly distinguish the difference between halving obliques written in position and those which are written without reference to position, as a halved vowel beginning a word, and written without reference to position, is written downward to prefix, or upward to affix, the t or d; while the halved vowel written in position, and beginning a word, whether written upward or downward, indicates at ord following the position letter.

ILLUSTRATION.

bar,

form,

and.

untried.

R beginning a word is followed by a vowel, except h, in such words as rheum, rhomb, etc. If the second letter is a vowel, write the third letter, which is usually a

consonant, on the vowel place, beginning it with the shade, thus placing the on the vowel place; as in the word rose, write the s begun with a shade on the o place, and read ros. If the third letter is a vowel, as in the word road, it is likely to be silent and need not be written. The dot prefixes sw and sp, with the angles sn sm, etc., are written in position for a following vowel, as, sweet is represented by sw on e place followed by t; snore is represented by sn on o place, followed by re.

Any prefix may be written in position for a following vowel or position consonant.

The fands written in position to indicate a t or d following the position letter, should be halved and the tick added, instead of writing them very minute, as they are written when not in position, that they may not be confounded with the miniature word signs if, of, and is, as, which are always written in position except in phrases.

The t tick, used for initial tw or dw, may be written in position for the following vowel, and shaded to express an following the vowel, as in dwarf, the tick shaded is written on a place and ƒ attached.

There are three general classes of lines, each of which requires special manipulation in writing them in position, viz: I, Long obliques; II, Short obliques and the loop; III, Horizontals with the hooks and the circle.