sabbath, was not then known to the Pharisees | p. 114. The words are these, "This was the themselves, who else were apt enough to have laid it in his dish at supper: no, nor to these men's progenitors, for 1565 years after, Sunday no Sabbath, p. 31. Though bishop Hooper, bishop Latimer, Adam Damplip, and sundry others of our martyrs preached twice every Sunday; and St. Chrysostom, Ambrose, Augustine, and others of the Fathers preached twice every day. 2. Touching the Sabbath. holy and profitable use of these diptiches, much unlike that list of persons censured by holy church, called with some reproach of truth and Christian religion," Catalogus tes tium veritatis." [This book was set forth by Illyricus, and is thus intituled, A Catalogue of the Witnesses of the Truth, which before our time, have opposed and resisted the primacy of the bishops of Rome, and divers superstitions, errors and deceits of popery; as namely, John Hus, Jerome of Prague, Luther, with divers others, which the church of Rome therefore condemn. He most wickediy and vilely reproaches the Sabbath. He saith the Sabbath is old leven to be cast out of the church, and that it hath sour-ed; which Romish church, this great chamed the affections of too many towards the church, and disturbed the peace, and hindered the pious devotion thereof, c. 22, p. 155. pion thereof, terms holy church; and these faithful Christians and true martyrs and confessors, he saith were censured by holy church, that is, the church of Rome, for that only censured them; and therefore he saith, they are Again, he saith, It was anabaptized after the mind of some Jew, hired to be godfather there of, and to call it the Sabbath. Sunday no Sab-called witnesses of the truth, to the reproach bath, p. 6. Though the Lord's day be called a Sabbath by sundry Fathers, Councils and ancient writers, both Protestant and Popish, by the homilies of our church, acts of parliament, proclamations of the king, and by the very canons themselves. And a little after he saith, for this name Sabbath is not a bare name, like a spot in their foreheads, to know Laban's sheep from Jacob's, but indeed it is a mystery of iniquity intended against the church; for allow them but their Sabbath, and you must allow them the service that belongs to their Sabbath, which saith he, is nothing but preaching, Sunday no Sabbath, p. 6,7. And again, p. 20. Hence it is, saith he, that some for want of wit, some for too much, adore the Sabbath as an image dropped down from Jupiter, and cry before it as they did before the golden calf; This is an holy day to the Lord: whereas it is indeed the great Diana of the Ephesians, as they use it. | of truth and Christian religion. Where he plainly and openly declares himself to fight for the church of Rome, against the true church of Christ.] And then for our own English martyrs, he goes on thus: And as unlike a calender that I have seen, wherein the holy martyrs and confessors of Jesus Christ, who not only had place sometimes in these diptiches, but whose name are written in heaven, are erased out, and trai tors, murderers, rebels, and heretics set in their room, if the best of our chronicles deserve credit, that if Penry, Hacket or Legat, had come in time, they might have challenged as orient and scarlet coloured a dye as some of them. [This he speaks of the calender prefixed to the book of martyrs, where the popish saints are omitted, and our English martyrs names inserted, whom he terms traitors, murderers, rebels and heretics. And that this he means, is most evident, because there is no other calender but it alone, and one almanack taken out of it, of this nature; and because he refers to our English chronicles, and to our Eng And a little after, yet to die they will call it á Sabbath; presuming in their zealous ignorance or guileful zeal, to be thought to speak the scripture phrase, when indeed the dregs of Ash-lish sufferers.] dod flow from their mouths; for that day which they nickname the Sabbath, is either no day at all, or not the day that they mean. Whereas sabbatum signifies a day of sacred | rest consecrated to God; whence all such days are in scripture, called sabbaths as well as the seventh day. Therefore the Lord's day may be so termed without any danger of Judaism, as well as Easter is still called Pasca, and Whitsunday Pentecost, though Jewish words and institutions. 11. Touching Martyrs and Witnesses of the Christian faith and truth. He reproaches and slanders all those blessed martyrs that have resisted and withstood the cursed heresies of the church of Rome, in all ages, and particularly our own English martyrs, as appears in a most remarkable passage that he sets down in his Altare Christianum, c. 16, 12. Touching Saint Paul. He reproaches and slanders this blessed apostle; for he saith, that Saint Paul in setting things in order among the Corinthians, crossed the order used by Christ, and forbad the Corinthians to take their supper before the sacrament, which is utterly false, as appears by the apostle's own words, 1. Cor. 11, 22, and 34. Alt. Chr. p. 163. Again. Sunday no Sabbath, p. 3. he saith, that Saint Paul, contrary to his nister the sacrament, and preach, where men own rules given to the Corinthians, did admidid both eat and drink (wherein again he slanders the apostle for he never gave any such rule to the Corinthians, as it is evident by the text itself) and he saith he continued preaching out of order till midnight. So that he affirms, 1. That Saint Paul crossed Christ's order. 2. That he crossed his own orders, and 3. That he did things out of order. These among other corrupt, false wicked and popish points, are gathered out of his own books, and out of his own words, and here presented to the right honourable the Upper House of Parliament. Seeing then it is most evident, that this wretched man hath come forth as a fierce enemy against Jesus Christ, and his everlasting truth; and as a great and a bold agent and factor for the Devil and Antichrist; may it therefore please this right honourable Assembly of Parliament, that by that strength which Almighty God hath given into your hands, he may be cast forth of the church of England, as dirt and dung, as one of the chief banes and pests thereof, who hath been one busy cause of all those wicked doctrines and Popish rites, and of all those horrible disorders and confusions that are among us, under the heavy burden whereof this whole kingdom groans and sighs for deliverance, that all others by his example may fear, and do no more any such thing. Ordered by the Lords, that all whom it concerns, shall put in execution the Judgment of this House against the said Doctor Pocklington. Certain Articles against Master Pocklinton, found in the records of the University of Cambridge, and truly transcribed by Master Tabor, which shew that the seed which brought forth all this cursed fruit, had taken root in him long ago. 1. After words of consecration, the body of Christ is so essentially, and inseparably present in the sacrament, as that Hoc est corpus meum must be taken plainly as it sounds, not drawing of any manner of trope or figure therein, not thinking that the spirit in so great a mystery should play the vain and idle rheto rician. 2. Hereof being reprehended by master Belcanquall, be more peremptorily defended it; affirming, that except the bare word alone of transubstantiation, he could find no fault at all in Bellarmine's doctrine of the sacrament. When many of the chief points here express- 3. He was much offended that this quesed (for the time would not suffer the producing tion should be propounded in our schools, of them all) were brought forth in judgment Secessio ab Ecclesia Romana fuit necessaria. against the Doctor, at a Committee of many 4. He wondered at one of our fellows, who Jords, in the Painted Chamber, Feb. 11, the having opportunity, would not be present at man was not able to make any reasonable De- Mass, it being a thing both requisite and lawful, fence; for his parts and learning had quite for- in as much as there was a lawful ministry, givsaken him, if ever he had any, and he had no-ing no other thing than what we have in our thing left in him but anger and passion to manage his cause; which provoked all good Christians to praise God, who had given his truth such a weak enemy; and error such a foolish patron. Whereupon, the day following, the House sentenced him, as follows: 12 Feb. 1641.-The Upper House of Parliament did Sentence and resolve upon the question: sacrament. 5. He affirmed it to be an evident sign how acceptable the Romish religion was to God in former ages, because there were not then in the times of popery, so many murders, adulteries, robberies, &c. as since have been in the time of protestancy. 6. He counselled younger men beginning to study divinity, wholly to rely upon Cassander's Consultations, as himself there had done, as the safest author for resolution about the true church. "1. That Doctor John Pocklington is by the Judgment of the House prohibited ever to come into the verge of the king's court. 2. That he 7. On a Gun-powder Treason day, he was is deprived of all his ecclesiastical livings, dig-offended at an oration made by a scholar, nities, and preferments. 3. That he is disabled and held uncapable hereafter to hold any place or dignity in the church or commonwealth. 4. That his two books, one intituled, "Altare Christianum," the other, "Sunday no Sabbath," be publicly burnt in the city of London, and the two Universities, by the hand of the common Executioner." wherein traitor Faux was with fitting terms detested, and his matchless impiety execrated: He said it was a great offence of our church to speak evil of any that are dead. with great earnestness of words and countenance, to argue for pontifical doctrines, never drawing to any contrary conclusion whereby to inform them otherwise. 8. By the masters not regarding it, our College is very ill reported of abroad, for corruption in religion, and scandalous opinions, which is occasioned by the master's deputy, who oftentimes useth, and that before "Dr. Bray, one of the Archbishop's chap-young gentlemen, and other young students, lains, who had licensed Pocklington's books, acknowledged his offence at the bar of the House, confessed that he had not examined the books with that caution that he ought, and made a public recantation in the church of Westminster. But Pocklington refusing to recant about thirty false propositions, which the Bishop of Lincoln [Williams] had collected out of his books, was sentenced by the Lord Keeper," &c. Neal's Hist, of the Puritans, vol. 2, p. 314. ed. 1759. 9. He held that Christ's righteousuess could not be imputed to us. 10. That our sins were no way imputed to Christ. 11. That interpretation of Scripture should be made, not by Scripture, but by exposition. of holy men. 12. That Bellarmine and Baronius in all, worth, far exceeded all protestant divines, wishing that our religion were as well defeuded by our men, as theirs is by them. 13. That Tortura Torii, and Responsio ad Apologian Bellarmini were works of small worth, solidity and gravity. 14. He professed also in his sermon, the⚫ like belief of the bread and wine in the sacrament, to be verily turned into the flesh of Christ, as he believed Moses rod to be verily turned into a serpent, though the sensible mutation were not there. 15. He laboured also therein to answer the objection which the protestant divines make against the pontifical doctrines of the sacra ment. 16. At a public disputation with us, where he maintained Romanam Ecclesiam esse veram, visibilem Christi Ecclesiam;' being! admonished by master Belcanquell respondent, that doctor Whittakers, doctor Fulke, doctor Abbott, doctor Downham, master Calvin, monsieur de Plessis, Sadael, Moulin, and many more of our divines held the contrary; he notwithstanding with great vehemency slighted all that so said, impios, sceleratos, perniciosos atque in ipsum Christum blasphemos,' with other words to that effect: whereof the master when he was publicly admonished, would take no notice. 17. The college also from whence he came had some jealousies of him, and publicly in a divinity act pro gradu, he was so offensive, that for fear he should lose his degree, he afterwards, whether by command or counsel we kuow not, made an apologetical retraction in a public sermon, of those offences that he had given in that act of his. 198. The Trial of the Hon. Colonel JOHN PENRUDDOCK,* at Exon, for High Treason: 7 CHARLES II. A. D. 1655. [Written by Himself.t] UPON Thursday the 19th of April 1655, the Commissioners of Oyer and Terminer being sat in the Castle of Exon, summoned before them myself, Mr. Hugh Grove, Mr. Richard Reeves, Mr. Robert Duke, Mr. George Duke, Mr. Thomas Fitz-James, Mr. Francis Jones, Mr. any particular discovery of what they designed or intended to do; and that the same spirit still possessed those who were at liberty. The design in Kent appeared not reasonable, at least not to begin upon; but he was persuaded, and he was very credulous, that in the North there was a foundation of strong hopes, and a party ready to appear powerful enough to possess themselves of York; nor had the army many troops in those parts. In the West likewise there ap *"When Penruddock's trial was brought on, there was a special messenger sent to Judge Hale, requiring him to assist at it. It was in vacation time, and he was at his country house at Alderley; he plainly refused to go, and said, The four terms and two circuits were enough, and the little interval that was between was little enough for their private affairs, and so he excused himself; but, if he had been urged he would not have been afraid of speaking more plainly." Burnet's Life and Death of sir Mat-peared to be a strong combination, in which many thew Hale. gentlemen were engaged, whose agents were then in London, and were exceedingly impor tunate to have a day assigned, and desired no more than that sir Joseph Wagstaff might be authorised to be in the head of them; who had + Clarendon, after speaking of the various insurrections of Charles the Second's friends, which had been projected and proposed to the king a little before this time, says: "There cannot be a greater manifestation of the uni-been well known to them; and he was as ready versal prejudice and aversion in the whole kingdom towards Cromwell, and his government, than that there be so many designs and conspiracies against him, which were communicated to so many men, and that such signal and notable persons could resort to London, and remain there, without any such information or discovery, as might enable him to cause them to be apprehended; there being no body intent and zealous to make any such discoveries, but such whose trade it was for great wages to give him those informations, who seldom care whether what they inform be true or no. The earl of Rochester consulted with great freedom in London with the king's friends; and found that the persons imprisoned were only taken upon general suspicion, and as being known to be of that party, not upon to engage with them. The earl of Rochester liked the countenance of the North better; and sent Marmaduke Darcy, a gallant gentleman, and nobly allied in those parts to prepare the party there; and appointed a day and place for the rendezvous; and promised to be himself there; and was contented that sir Joseph Wagstaff should go into the West; who upon conference with those of that country, likewise appointed their rendezvous upon a fixed day, to be within two miles of Salisbury. It was an argument that they had no mean opinion of their strength, that they appointed to appear that very day when the judges were to keep their assizes in that city, and where the sheriff, and principal gentlemen of the county were obliged to give their attendance. Of both these resolutions the earl of Rochester, who Edward Davis, Mr. Thomas Poulton, and Mr. Francis Bennet. Being all called to the bar, we were commanded to hold up our hands, and knew where the king was, took care to advertise his majesty; who, from hence, had his former faint hopes renewed; and in a short time after they were so improved, that he thought of nothing more, than how he might with the greatest secrecy transport himself into England; for which he did expect a sudden occasion. an Indictment of High Treason was read against us: And being asked whether we would plead Guilty or Not Guilty to the Indictment, in the their countenance. When the judges were brought out in their robes, and humbly produced their commissions, and the sheriff likewise, Wagstaff resolved, after he had caused the king to be proclaimed, to cause them all three to be hanged, who were half dead already, baving well considered, with the policy which men in such actions are naturally possessed with, how he himself should be used if he were under their hands, choosing therefore to be beforehand with them. But he having not thought fit to deliberate this before-hand with bis friends, whereby their scrupulous consciences might have been confirmed, many of the country gentlemen were so startled with this proposition, that they protested against it; and poor Penruddock was so passionate to preserve their by halves, that the major general durst not persist in it; but was prevailed with to dismiss the judges, and, having taken theu their commissions from them, to oblige them upon another occasion to remember to whom they owed their lives, resolving still to hang the sheriff'; who positively, though humbly, and with many tears, refused to proclaim the king; which being otherwise done, they likewise prevailed with him rather to keep the sheriff alive, and to carry him with them to redeem an honester man out of the hands of their enemies. This seemed an ill omen to their future agreement, and submission to the commands of their general; nor was the tenderheartedness so general, but that very many of the gentlemen were much scandalised at it, both as it was a contradiction to their commander in chief; and as it would have been a seasonable act of severity to have cemented those to perseverance who were engaged in it, and have kept them from entertaining any hopes but in the sharpness of their swords. "Sir Joseph Wagstaff had been formerly a Major General of the foot in the king's Western army, a man generally beloved; and though he was rather for execution than counsel, a stout man, who looked not far before him; yet he had a great companionableness in his nature, which exceedingly prevailed with those, who, in the intermission of fighting, loved to spend their time in jollity and mirth. He, as soon as the day was appointed, left Lon-lives, as if works of this nature could be done don, and went to some of his friends houses in the country, near the place, that he might assist the preparations as much as was possible. Those of Hampshire were not so punctual at their own rendezvous, as to be present at that near Salisbury at the hour; however, Wagstaff, and they of Wiltshire, appeared according to expectation. Penruddock, a gentleman of a fair fortune, and great zeal and forwardness in the service, Hugh Grove, Jones, and other persons of condition, were there with a body of near two hundred horse well armed; which, they presumed, would every day be improved upon the access of those who had engaged themselves in the Western association, especially after the fame of their being up, and effecting any thing, should come to their ears. They accounted that they were already strong enough to visit Salisbury in all its present lustre, knowing that they had many friends there, and reckoning that all who were not against them, were for them; and that they should there encrease their numbers both in foot, and horse; with which the town then abounded; Nor did their computation and conjecture fail them. They entered the city about five of the clock in the morning: they appointed some officers, of which they had plenty, to cause all the stables to be locked up, that all the horses might be at their devotion; others, to break open the gaols, that all there might attend their benefactors. They kept a good body of horse upon the market-place, to encounter all opposition; and gave order to apprehend the judges and the sheriff, who were yet in their beds, and to bring them into the market-place with their several Commissions, not caring to seize upon the persons of any others. "All this was done with so little noise or disorder, as if the town had been all of one mind. They who were within doors, except they were commanded to come out, stayed still there, being more desirous to hear than to see what was done; very many being well pleased, and not willing that others should discern it in VOL. V. "The noise of this action was very great both in and out of the kingdom, whither it was quickly sent. Without doubt it was a bold enterprise, and might have produced wonderful effects, if it had been prosecuted with the same resolution, or the same rashness, it was entered into. All that was reasonable in the general contrivance of insurrection and commotion over the whole kingdom, was founded upon a a supposition of the division and faction in the army; which was known to be so great, that it was thought Cromwell durst not draw the whole army to a general rendezvous, out of apprehension that, when they should once meet together, he should no longer be master of them. And thence it was concluded, that, if there were in any one place such a body brought together as might oblige Cromwell to make the army, or a considerable part of it to march, there would at least be no disposition in them to fight to strengthen his authority, which they abhorred. And many did at that time 3 D behalf of myself and of the gentlemen therein charged, I spake as followeth : Col. Penruddock. My lords, though my education hath been such, as not to give me those advantages which the knowledge of the laws would have assisted me with, for the detending myself; yet upon the bearing this very Indictment, my reason tells me that it is illegal; and therefore I do demand counsel, that may dispute the illegality thereof. Serjeant Glyn. Sir, you desire that which believe, that if they had remained with that party at Salisbury for some days, which they might well have done without any disturbance, their numbers would have much encreased, and their friends farther West must have been prepared to receive them, when a retreat had been necessary by a stronger part of the armies marching against them. Cromwell himself was alarmed; he knew well the distemper of the kingdom, and in his army, and now when he saw such a body gathered together without any noise, that durst, in the middle of the kingdom, enter into one of the chief cities of it, when his judges and all the civil power of that country was in it, and take them prisoners, and proclaim the king in a time of full peace, and when no man durst so much as name him but with a reproach, he could not imagine, that such an enterprise could be undertaken without a universal conspiracy; in which his own army could not be innocent; and therefore knew not how to trust them together. But all this apprehension vanished, when it was known, that within four or five hours after they had performed this exploit, they left the town with very small encrease or addition to their numbers. cannot be granted; therefore give your answer, whether you are Guilty or Not Guilty of the fieason of which you stand charged. Penruddock. Sir, by your favour, it is that which hath been granted to my interiors, viz. to Mr. Lilburne, and to one Rolf a shoemaker; and I have as great a right to the laws, as any person that sits here as my judge: I do therefore challenge is as my right. Judge Nicholas, whom I there see, will tell you he himself was counsel for this Rolf: And it is a hard case, if in number, and commanded by an officer of no credit in the war, being in those parts by chance, followed them at a distance, till they were so spent, that he rather intreated than compelled them to deliver themselves; some, and amongst those Wagstaff, quitted their horses, and found shelter in some honest men's houses; where they were concealed till opportunity served to transport them into the parts beyond the seas, where they arrived safely, But Mr. Penruddock, Mr. Grove, and most of the rest, were taken prisoners, upon promise given by the officer that their lives should be saved: which they quickly found he had no authority to make good. For Cromwell no sooner heard of his cheap victory, than he sent judges away with a new commission of Oyer and Terminer, and order to proceed with the utmost severity against the offenders. But Roles, his chief justice, who had so luckily escaped at Salisbury, had not recovered the fright; and would no more look those men in the face who had dealt so kindly with him; but expressly refused to be employed in the service, raising some scruples in point of law, whether the men could be legally condemned; upon which Cromwell, shortly after, turued "The truth is, they did nothing resolutely him out of his office, having found others who after their first action; and were in such dis- executed his commands. Penruddock, and order, and discontent between themselves, that Grove, lost their heads at Exeter; and others without staying for their friends out of Hamp-were hanged there; who having recovered the shire (who were, to the number of two or three faintness they were in when they rendered, hundred horse, upon their way, and would have died with great courage and resolution, probeen at Salisbury that night) upon pretence fessing their duty and loyalty to the king: many that they were expected in Dorsetshire, they were sent to Salisbury, and tried and executed left the town, and took the sheriff with them, there, in the place where they had so lately about two of the clock in the afternoon: but triumphed; and some who were condemned, were so weary of their day's labour, and their where there were fathers, and sons, and browatching the night before, that they grew less thers, that the butchery might appear with in love with what they were about, and dif- some remorse, were reprieved, and sold, and fered again amongst themselves about the sent slaves to the Barbadoes; where their sheriff; whow many desired presently released; treatment was such, that few of them ever and that party carried it in hope of receiving returned into their own country. Thos this good offices afterwards from him. In this man- little fire, which probably might have kindled ner they continued on their march Westward. and enflamed all the kingdom, was for the preThey from Hampshire, and other places, who sent extinguished in the West; and Cromwell were behind them, being angry for their leaving secured without the help of his army; which Salisbury, would not follow, but scattered he saw, by the couutenance it then shewed themselves; and they who were before them, when they thought he should have use of them, and heard in what disorder they had left Wilt-it was high time to reform; and in that he reshire, likewise dispersed so that after they had solved to use no longer delay." continued their journey into Devonshire, without meeting any who would join with them, horse and men were so tired for want of meat and sleep, that one single troop of horse, inferior In the third volume of Thurloe's State Papers are several letters and other documents relative to this and the contemporaneous 18surrections. |