the question which is the most excellent of field sports-Fishing, Hawking, or Hunting.

Kreysig (No. 323) cites an 8vo edition of 1570.

319. FIBIGIUS (Gotfriedus). EXERCITIUM DE JURE VENANDI, AUCUPANDI ET PISCANDI, resp. Go. Scheffer. Jenæ. 1638. 4to.

Not in the British Museum, and not seen. Cited by Kreysig (No. 323), and said to contain 4 plates.

320. LIPSTORP (Danielus).

DISSERTATIO

DE

JURE VENATIONIS ET AUCUPII: resp. J. G. Salenio de Ehrenhielm. Upsaliæ. 1663. 4to.

Not seen. Cited by Kreysig (No. 323).

DISSERTATIO

321. STEINACH (Hub. Jos. de). JURIDICA DE ARDEARUM VENATIONE, vulgo Reiherbeisse. Altorfii. 1738. 4to.

This dissertation upon Heron-hawking is cited by Kreysig (No. 323), and is said to contain 5 plates. No copy is to be found in the British Museum, nor have we been able to ineet with one elsewhere.

322. SCHMIDTHAUER (Andrea). DE INSTITUTIONE AC VENATIO FALCONUM LIBRI DUO, Perillustrium Reverendorum Prænobilium Nobilium ac Eruditorum Dominorum Neo-Baccalaureorum honoribus dicati cum in alma et celeberrima Universitate Tyrnaviensi Promotore R. P. Andrea Schmidthauer è Societate Jesu AA. LL. et Philosophiæ Doctore ejusdemque Professore Ordinario Philosophiæ Laurea ornarentur. Anno MDCCXLIX. Tyrnaviæ [Tournay]. Typis Academicis Societatis Jesu. 1749. I 2mo.

M

A Latin poem on Hawking (pp. 1-54) in two Books. Not in the British Museum, and probably of some rarity. The above title was transcribed from a copy in the library of M. Pierre A. Pichot, of Paris.

323. KREYSIG (G. C.) BIBLIOTHECA SCRIPTORUM VENATICORUM Continens Auctores qui de Venatione, Sylvis, Aucupio, Piscatura et aliis eo spectantibus commentati sunt. Congessit George Cristoph Kreysig. Altenburgi, apud Paulum Emanuelum Richterum. 1750. sm. 8vo.

The earliest printed bibliography of works relating to the Chase and Falconry, but, even for the date at which it was published, very incomplete and inaccurate. The absence of notes, moreover, renders it of little value, save as a guide to authors' names, the complete titles of whose works must be sought for elsewhere.

324. BRÜNNICH (M. Th.). ORNITHOLOGIA BOREALIS sistens Collectionem Avium ex omnibus imperio Danico subjectis provinciis insulisque borealibus Hafniæ factam : cum descriptionibus novarum, nominibus incolarum, locis natalium et icone. Imprimatur, J. C. Kall. Hafniæ. 1764. 8vo.

Referring to the value formerly set upon Iceland falcons and the prices paid for them, this author remarks (p. 2):—“ Utrum falco islandicus speciei sit singularis, vel ad alias notas referendus nondum constat. Varietates sunt sine dubio 7-9 [these numbers refer to his descriptions] quas soli Daniæ Regi vendere tenentur Islandi. Pretium qucque triplex pro triplici hæc varietate Islandis solvendum a rege est constitutum; nempe pretium Falc. 7 (albus) in Islandia est 17 impp. dan. Falc. 8 (albus) 10 impp. Falc. 9 (fuscus) 7 impp."

On being brought from Iceland to Copenhagen these hawks were at least partially trained by the royal falconers before being forwarded as presents to the Courts of Europe.

"Hafniam singulo anno ex Islandiæ portu Holmenshavn transportantur falcones hi qui postea, venatione edocti, ad varias aulas principum munera inter septentrionis rariora mit

tuntur."

Writing of the Hobby Falco subbuteo (p. 3), Brünnich states that this bird, as well as the Goshawk and Iceland Falcon, were trained for hawking at the royal villa near Copenhagen. "F. gentilis (Blaaefugl dicitur hic a falconariis Danicis) islandus et subbuteo in villa regia prope Hafniam ad venationes instruuntur." He also refers to the falconers' method of imping or repairing broken feathers :- "Retrices læsæ v. detritæ reparantur a falconariis addendis aliis, acubus nempe belgicis ad basin veteris pennæ novam affigunt; quod observatione dignum ne descriptores tali artificio decepti, novas effingant species vel varietates (p. 3).

325. SCHNEIDER (Jo. Gottl.). CATALOGUS AUCTORUM qui de re ACCIPITRARIA scripserunt cum locis inde excerptis. Lipsia. 1788. 4to.

This catalogue is appended to the author's edition of the work of the Emperor Frederick II. (No. 308), vol. ii. pp. 106– 125, but is hardly worth mention, since it does not include notices of more than a dozen works on Falconry. The author, however, was evidently sensible of its deficiency when writing as follows:-"Poterunt facile catalogo huic attexere multos alios, imprimis gallice scriptos de arte falconaria libros, quibus usus publicarum copiisque abundantium literariis bibliothecarum catalogorumque conceditur, quo mihi carendum est" (p. 125).

Although allusions to the art of Falconry may be found in the works of several Latin authors not mentioned above, as, for example

Aristotle, Hist. An., lib. ix. cap. 36;
Pliny, Hist. Nat., lib. vii. cap. 10;

Ælian, De Nat. An., lib. ii. cap. 42;

Martial, Epigr., lib. xiv. no. 216;

Oppian, Cynegeticon, lib. i. 62-66;

the passages referred to are not of sufficient length or importance to justify the insertion of the full titles of the works in the present bibliography.

326. PALLAS (Petrus). ZoOGRAPHIA RossoASIATICA, sistens omnium Animalium in extenso Imperio Rossico et adjacentibus maribus observatorum recensionem, Domicilia, Mores, et Descriptiones, Anatomen atque Icones plurimorum. Auctore Petro Pallas. Petropoli. Petropoli. 1811-31. 3 vols. 4to.

In the first volume of this work by the Russian naturalist Pallas, will be found many details of interest to falconers under the head of Jerfalcon (p. 325), Falcon (p. 327), Lanner (p. 331), Hobby (p. 332), Merlin (p. 337), Eagle (Berkut, p. 339), Goshawk (p. 367), and Sparrow-hawk (p. 371). The Russian, Tartar, and Calmuck names for these birds are also given, which will be found useful when referring to the Russian works on Falconry hereafter to be mentioned.

This author particularly mentions the delight which the Empress Catharine II. of Russia took in lark-hawking with Merlins, adding that she used to liberate them at the end of the season, fresh ones being caught for her every year (p. 337).

Of the eagle trained by the Tartars, and called by them Berkut, he observes :

"Instruitur praesertim ad Anteloparum, et Luporum Vulpiumque venationem, et inter duos falconarios in pertica, vel in ligneo sustentaculo stapedi equitis innixo, tecta oculos praefertur."

A trained eagle, he says, was considered equal in value to two camels: "Docta aquila apud Kirgisos duobus camelis aequiparatur" (p. 339).

He refers to a white variety of the Goshawk, Astur palumbarius which is remarkable :

"Varietas alba, aestumatissima, rarius circa Uralenses montes, frequentius in Orientali Sibiria, et vulgaris in Camschatca, cum gyrfalcone albo observatur; hæc prima aetate albescens, naevia, aetate tota candida evadit, et ad venationem fortissima habetur. Hanc videtur voluisse Joh. Bell (Itin. I. edit. gall. p. 394), e regione Amur fl. in aulam Imp. Chinensium adferii visam " (p. 368).

NOTE. While on the subject of Latin works on Falconry, it may be of interest to refer to some notes by John Holmes on a Latin MS. of Italian execution, fifteenth century, British Museum Add. MSS. 20774 (f. 79).

The writer's name with date occurs at the end thus: "Antonius de Lampugnano cognatus et discipulus Magistri Jacobi de Caponayo, Mediolanensis, scripsit hoc opus anno Domini mccccliiij."

It comprises seven tracts, the titles of which are given by Holmes (c.). The second is entitled "Tractatus de Libro Moami de dispositionibus rapacium avium et medicamentis infirmitatum occultatum." The book of Moamus, or Mohamin, an Arab falconer, is one of those which, having been first rendered into Latin, was translated by Tardif from the Latin into French (see anteà, pp. 66 note and 72 note). It is also mentioned by Arcussia (No. 153), and by Artelouche de Alagona (No. 149), whose work is printed with that of Jean de Franchières (No. 145). An Italian translation of this treatise, made for Ferdinand I. of Aragon, King of Naples, was in the Earl of Ashburnham's library. As to the book of Moamus or Mohamin, see notes to Nos. 139 and 359, and the introductory notice by Jullien to his edition of Tardif (No. 142), p. xvii.

The fourth tract is entitled "Aliæ rubricæ de infirmitatibus et medicinis secundum Danchum regem," commencing "Danchus rex stabat in suo pallatio" (see No. 139, note).

Holmes refers to an Arabic treatise in the Bodleian Library, Cod. MS. Marsh 148, by Alhegiagi ben Khaithama, which appears to agree nearly with this, and of which the title in Latin would be "Utilitates avium morborumque earum remedia."

Greek.

327. Δημητρίου Κωνσταντινοπολιτου περι της των ἱερακων ἀνατροφης τε και θεραπείας. 1270.

Demetrius of Constantinople, physician to the Emperor Michael Palæologus in 1270, is one of the oldest writers on Falconry.