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HEN Linnaeus arrived at Upsala he had one marked distinction, according to his own account-he was the poorest student that ever knocked at the gates of the University for admittance. Perhaps this is a mistake, for even though the young man had patched his shoes with birch bark, he was not in debt. And the youth of twenty-one who has health, hope, ambition and animation is not to be pitied. Poverty is only for the people who think poverty. It is five hundred English miles from Lund to Upsala. After his long, weary tramp Linnaeus sat on the edge of the hill and looked down at the scattered town of Upsala in the valley below. A stranger passing by pointed out the college buildings, where a thousand young men were being drilled and disciplined in the mysteries of learning.

"And where is the Botanical Garden?" asked the newcomer.

It was pointed out to him. He gazed on the site, studied the surrounding landscape carefully, and mentally calculated where he would move the Botanical Garden as soon as he had control of it.

Let us just anticipate here long enough to explain that the Upsala Botanical Garden now is where Linnaeus said it should be. It is a most beautiful place, lined off

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LITTLE with close growing shrubbery, and after traversing the OURNEYS winding paths one reaches the lecture hall, built after

the Greek with porches, peristyle and gently ascending marble steps. On entering the building, the first object that attracts the visitor is the life-size statue of Linnaeus.

To the left, a half-mile away, is the old cathedral-a place that never much interested Linnaeus. But there now rests his dust, and in windows and also in storied bronze his face, form and fame endure.

In the meantime, we have left the young man sitting on a boulder looking down at the town ere he goes forward to possess it. He adjusts his shoes with their gaping wounds, shakes the dust from his cap, and then takes from his pack a faded neck-scarf, puts it on and he is ready.

Descending the hill he forgets his lameness, waives the stone-bruises and walks confidently to the Botanical Garden, which he views with a critical eye. Next, he enquires for the Superintendent who lives near. The young man presents his credentials from Rothman who describes the youth as one who knows and loves the flowers, and who can be useful in office or garden and is not above spade and hoe.

The Superintendent looks at the pink face, touched with bronze from days in the open air, notes the long yellow hair, beholds the out-of-door look of fortitude that comes from hard, and plain fare, and inwardly compares these things with the lack of them in some of his students.

"But this Doctor-Dr. Rothman who wrote this letter-I do not have the honor of knowing him," says the Superintendent.

"Ah, you are unfortunate," replies the youth-"he is a very great man, and I myself will vouch for him in every way."

Oh! this glowing confidence of youth-before there comes a surplus of lime in the bones, or the touch of winter in the heart! The Superintendent smiled. Knock in faith and the door shall be opened-there are those whom no one can turn away. A stray bed was found in the garret for the stranger, and the next morning he was earnestly at work cataloging the dried plants in the herbarium, a grievous job that had been long delayed because there was no one to do it.

ම

HE study of Natural History in the University of Upsala was, at this time, at a low ebb. It was like the Art Department in many American colleges: its existence largely confined to the school catalog. There were weeks of biting poverty and neglect for Linnaeus, but he worked away in obscurity and silence and endured, saying all the time, "The sun will come out-the sun will come out!"

Dr. Olaf Rudbeck had charge of the chair of Botany but seldom sat in it. His business was medicine. He gave no lectures, but the report was that he made his students toil at cultivating his garden-this to open up

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LITTLE their intellectual pores. ¶ In the course of his work, JOURNEYS

Linnaeus devised a plan of classification by sex in-
stead of the so-called natural method. He wrote out
his ideas and submitted them to Rudbeck. The learned
Doctor first pooh-poohed the plan, then tolerated it,
and in a month claimed he had himself devised it.
On the scheme being explained to others there was
opposition, and Rudbeck requested Linnaeus to am-
plify his notes into a thesis, and read it as a lecture.

This was done, and so pleased was the old man that he appointed Linnaeus his adjunctus. In the spring of 1730 Linnaeus began to give weekly lectures on some topic of Natural History.

Linnaeus was now fairly launched. His animation,
clear thinking, handsome face and graceful ways made
his lectures very popular. Science in his hands was
no longer the dull and turgid thing it had before been
in the University. He would give a lecture in the hall
and then invite the audience to walk with him in the
woods. He seemed to know everything-birds, beetles,
beasts, bugs, trees, weeds, flowers, rocks and stones
were to him familiar. He showed his pupils things
they had walked on all their lives and never seen.
The old Botanical Garden that had degenerated into
a kitchen garden for the Commons was rearranged and
furnished with many specimens gathered round about.
A system of exchange was carried on with other
schools, and Natural History at Upsala was becoming
a feature. Old Dr. Rudbeck hobbled around with the
classes, and when Linnaeus lectured sat in a front

seat, applauding by rapping his cane on the floor and ejaculating words of encouragement.

Linnaeus was now receiving invitations to lecture at other schools in the vicinity. He made excursions and reports on the Natural History of the country around. The Academy of Science of Upsala selected him now to go to Lapland and explore the resources of that country which was then little known.

The journey was to be a long and dangerous one. It meant four thousand miles of travel on foot, by sledge and on horseback over a country, much of it mountainous, without roads and peopled with semi-savages.

There were two reasons why Linnaeus should make the trip-one was he had the hardihood and the fortitude to do it. And second, he was not wanted at Upsala. He was becoming too popular. One rival professor had gone so far as to prefer formal charges of scientific heresy; he also made the telling point that Linnaeus was not a college graduate. The rule of the University was that no lecturer, teacher or professor should be employed who did not have a degree from some foreign University.

Inquiry was made and it was found that Linnaeus had
left the University of Lund under a cloud.

Linnaeus was confronted by the charge, and declined
to answer it, thus practically pleading guilty.
So to get him out of Upsala seemed a desirable thing
to both friends and foes. His friends secured the com-
mission for the Lapland exploration and his enemies
made no objections, merely whispering good-riddance.

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