with faithfulness and success. In 1755 the structure known as Nazareth Hall was erected, and within its walls a boarding-school was opened in 1759 for boys of the Moravian church. Of this school Lembke was constituted the principal. Out of it grew, in 1785, that enlarged school which now, for more than a century, has been educating boys from all parts of the United States. Lembke was a learned divine, an able educator, and an eloquent preacher.

LEMCKE, Henry, clergyman, b. in Mecklenburg, Germany, 27 June, 1796; d. in Carrollton, Cambria co., Pa., 29 Nov., 1882. His parents were poor, but he educated himself sufficiently to gain admission to the College of Schwerin, where he supported himself by giving private lessons. He entered the German army in 1813, afterward went to the University of Rostock to study for the Lutheran ministry, and was licensed to preach in 1819. He united with the Roman Catholic church, 21 April, 1824, and was ordained to its priesthood, 11 April, 1826. In 1833 he volunteered for missionary duty among the Germans of the United States, and labored first in Philadelphia and then as assistant to Father Demetrius Gallitzin in Loretto, Pa. He took up his residence at Ebensburg, and purchased a farm near by, on which he afterward erected St. Joseph's church. He next bought 400 acres of land, on which he built a house and chapel in 1838, and in 1839 he laid out a town on it, which he wished to name after his friend Gallitzin, but, on the remonstrance of the latter, called it Carrollton. In 1840 he succeeded Father Gallitzin as pastor of Loretto, and was then the only priest in Cambria county, but he soon obtained the aid of others. After a successful visit to Europe in 1844 to collect money, he bought 800 acres of land, on which he intended to establish a colony of Benedictines, but they preferred to settle in Westmoreland county. He became a member of the order of St. Benedict on 2 Feb., 1852, performed missionary duty in Kansas, and founded the abbey of St. Benedict in Atchison, Kan. He returned to Pennsylvania in 1858, and after a visit to Germany labored in New Jersey till 1877, when he withdrew to Carrollton, Pa. He wrote his own autobiography, part of which appeared in the journals of Cambria county, and published translations of several controversial works in German, and "Leben und Werken des Prinzen Demetrius Augustin Gallitzin" (Münster, 1861).

LEME, Antonio Pires da Silva Pontes (lay'-meh), Brazilian scholar, b. in Minas-Geraes, Brazil, about 1756; d. there in 1807. He studied at the University of Coimbra, was graduated in 1777, and went to the East Indies, whence he returned to Lisbon, and in 1780 accompanied Dr. Lacerda, who was sent to Brazil by the government of Portugal to study the question of boundaries with the Spanish colonies. In 1781 Leme explored Paraguay and the territories of Cazalvasco and Barbados, meanwhile making copious notes on the geography of the country that were afterward published by the government of Brazil (1841). The commission finished its work in 1783, and returned to Portugal. Leme now drew a complete map of Brazil and a maritime guide of its coasts, for which, in addition to his other services, he was given a medal by the government of Portugal. In 1798 he was appointed by the king professor in the Academy of Lisbon, and on 29 March, 1800, he was appointed governor of the province of Espirito Santo, where he gave much attention to the civilization of the Indians, establishing for them a college and an

industrial school. He retired from his office in 1804, and devoted himself to the completion of his works, but was obliged to abandon them on account of illness. He published a work entitled Construcção é Analyse das proposiçœes geometricas é experiencias practicas que serven de fundamento á architectura naval" (1799).

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LE MERCIER, Andrew (leh-mair'-se-ay'), clergyman, b. in Caen, France, in 1692; d. in Boston, Mass., 31 March, 1763. He was graduated at Geneva, and immediately afterward, in 1715, came to this country through the influence of Andrew Faneuil, to succeed Rev. Pierre Daillé as pastor of the French Protestant church in Boston, over which he presided till 1748. He built a house for the relief of shipwrecked mariners on the Isle of Sables, to which he sent provisions, and which was the means of saving many lives. He wrote "The Church History of Geneva, in Five Books, with a Political and Geographical Account of that Republic" (Boston, 1732), and a "Treatise against Detraction" (1733). LE MERCIER, Francis, French missionary, b. in France early in the 17th century; d. in Martinique, W. I., 12 June, 1690. He entered the Society of Jesus, 14 Oct., 1620, and was sent to Canada in 1635, where he was attached to the Huron mission until its destruction in 1649. He held the post of superior of the missions from 1653 till 1656, labored among the Iroquois till 1658, and was again superior from 1665 till 1670. After leaving Canada in 1673 he was sent to the West Indies as visitor. While he was superior in Canada he published six volumes of "Relations."

LE MOINE, James MacPherson, Canadian author, b. in Quebec, 24 Jan., 1825. He is the son of Benjamin Le Moine, a wealthy merchant of Quebec and a lineal descendant of Jean Le Moyne, seigneur of three fiefs, who was a near relative of Baron Le Moyne de Longueuil. James received his preparatory education in St. Thomas, Lower Canada, at the home of his maternal grandfather, a United Empire loyalist who fled from Philadelphia in 1783. In 1838 James entered the Petit séminaire de Quebec, where he remained till 1845. He subsequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Quebec in 1850. In 1847 he became superintendent of inland revenue at Quebec, which post he still (1887) retains. He has been president of the Literary and historical society of Quebec, and was selected by the Marquis of Lorne to preside over the first section of the Royal society of Canada. Mr. Le Moine is an enthusiastic student of Canadian history and ornithology, and at his residence, Spencer Grange, near Quebec, he has an extensive aviary, a museum of natural history specimens, and a large collection of books and curios connected with the early history of Canada. He has written on the subject of Canadian history with such impartiality as rarely to challenge adverse criticism. His works include "L'Ornithologie du Canada (Quebec, 1860); Étude sur les navigateurs arctiques Franklin, McClure, Kane, McClintock" (1862); Études sur Sir Walter Scott" (1862); "Legend

J. In Le Insine.

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the Hôpital-Général of Villemarie from suppression by the French government.-Another son of the second Charles, Paul Joseph, Chevalier de Longueuil, b. in Canada, 17 Sept., 1701; d. in France, 12 May, 1778, entered the army in 1718, and was made lieutenant in the Normandy regiment. After being commander of Fort Frontenac he became successively governor of Detroit, Three Rivers, and the citadel of Quebec. He did good service in several campaigns, especially in that of 1747, during which he marched 180 miles in the depth of winter, through frost and snow, at the head of his men to the succor of Rigaud de Vaudreuil, who was besieging Fort George. His subsequent services gained him the cross of St. Louis. Not wishing to live under English rule, he went to France after the surrender of Quebec.-Paul's son, Joseph Dominick Emanuel, Canadian soldier, b. in Canada; d. in Montreal, 19 Jan., 1807, entered the army, became major of marines, and remained in Canada after the conquest. His bravery in defending Fort St. Jean against the English colonists in 1775 gained him rapid promotion. He was made inspector-general of militia in 1777, and afterward appointed colonel of the Royal Canadian regiment. He was created legislative_councillor during the administration of Lord Dorchester, which post he held until his death.-The first Charles's second son, James, Sieur de St. Hélène, b. in Villemarie, Canada, 16 April, 1659; d. in Quebec in October, 1690, took part in the expedition of De Troye against the English in 1686. At the head of a detachment of fifty men he embarked on a deserted English vessel, and attacked Fort St. Rupert. The garrison, although superior in number, were astounded at his daring, and laid down their arms without striking a blow. He then took part in the attack on Fort Quitchitchouen, the capture of which gave the French the mastery of the southern part of Hudson bay. In 1690 he shared the command of the force that was sent to capture Schenectady, and, after plundering and burning this town, he returned to Montreal. In October of the same year Quebec was besieged by Admiral Phips, and Le Moyne was selected to oppose him. With a force of about 200 volunteers he defended the passage of St. Charles river against 1,300 British troops, who were attempting to cross. The English were repulsed, but Le Moyne fell mortally wounded at the moment of victory.— Paul, Sieur de Maricourt, fourth son of the first Charles, b. in Villemarie, 15 Dec., 1663; d. there, 21 March, 1704, followed his brother, Iberville (q. v.), in his different campaigns in Hudson bay, and had a large share in his military successes. In 1686, after traversing countries that were till then unknown, crossing several mountains and rivers and enduring incredible hardships, he reached his brother, who was before Fort St. Rupert. He embarked with a few men on board two canoes, and then, in concert with Iberville, captured an English cruiser in the harbor. He was one of the first to go to the succor of Quebec in 1690, and, except his brother, the Sieur de St. Hélène, no one contributed more to the defeat of the English troops. In 1696 he was placed by Frontenac at the head of a corps composed of Sault St. Louis Indians and Christian Abenaquis. After ravaging the country of the Iroquois, and forcing them to lay down their arms, he successfully negotiated terms of peace. The savages, who had learned to esteem his honesty, adopted him into their tribe, chose him for their protector, and begged of him to be a mediator between them and the French governor.-Joseph, Sieur de Sérigny, sixth son of

the first Charles, b. in Villemarie, 22 July, 1668; d. in Rochefort, France, in 1734, went to France, and was sent to conduct the flotilla with which his brother, Iberville, was to take possession of Hudson bay. He did good work in this office, and afterward attacked the Spaniards, who had fortified the Bay of Pensacola, driving them away on 15 June, 1719. He then went to Louisiana, where he erected several forts. He raised there a fort with four bastions on Mobile bay, defended Dauphin island against the Spaniards, and, after driving them from it, constructed a spacious roadstead. He sailed for France in 1720, was promoted to the grade of captain in the navy, and afterward resided in Rochefort, of which he was made governor in 1723.-Another son of the first Charles, Antoine, Sieur de Chateauguay, b. in Montreal, 7 July, 1683; d. in Rochefort, France, 21 March, 1747, entered the royal army, and arrived in Louisiana in 1704 with a band of colonists. He served under Iberville in his last expeditions against the English in 1705-'6, was made commandant of the troops in Louisiana in 1717, and king's lieutenant of the colony and a knight of St. Louis in 1718. He took command of Pensacola after aiding with an Indian force in its capture from the Spaniards, 14 May, 1719, surrendered it to them, 7 Aug., 1719, and was himself retained a prisoner of war till July, 1720. He resumed command at Mobile after the peace in 1820, was removed from office and ordered to France in 1726, and was governor of Martinique from 1727 till 1744. He returned to France in the latter year, and was appointed governor of Isle Royale, or Cape Breton, în 1745.

LE MOYNE, Francis Julius, abolitionist, b. in Washington, Pa., 4 Sept., 1798; d. there, 14 Oct., 1879. His father was a royalist refugee from France, who practised medicine in Washington. The son was graduated at the college there in 1815, studied medicine with his father and at the Medical college in Philadelphia, and began practice in his native town in 1822. In 1835 he assisted in organizing an anti-slavery society in Washington, and from that time entered earnestly into the abolition movement. He was the first candidate of the Liberty party for vice-president, his nomination having been proposed in a meeting at Warsaw, N. Y., 13 Nov., 1839, and confirmed by a national convention at Albany, 1 April, 1840. Though he and James G. Birney, the nominee for president, declined the nomination, they received 7,059 votes in the election of 1840. In 1841, 1843, and 1847 Le Moyne was the candidate of the same party for governor of Pennsylvania. At a later period he became widely known as an advocate of cremation. He erected in 1876, near Washington, Pa., the first crematory in the United States. Dr. Le Moyne founded the public library in Washington, gave $25,000 for a colored normal school near Memphis, Tenn., and endowed professorships of agriculture and applied mathematics in Washington college.

LE MOYNE, Simon, French missionary, b. in France in 1604; d. in Cap de la Magdeleine, Canada, 24 Nov., 1665. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1623, came to Canada in 1638, and was assigned to the Huron mission. In 1639 he helped to establish the mission of St. John among the Arenda tribe. He continued among the Hurons up to 1650, and on 2 July, 1653, set out from Quebec to found an Iroquois mission. He ascended the St. Lawrence, entered Lake Ontario, and, after sailing among the Thousand islands, reached a fishing-village at the mouth of Oswego river. After converting a large number of the savages, including some of the chiefs, he returned to Quebec on 11

arm and side, and at the defeat of Col. Pyle, near Haw river, a horse was shot under him. After the war he was appointed a justice by congress and afterward by the state assembly. He was a member of the assembly, and from 1781 till 1795 of the state senate, over which he presided for five years. He also took an active part in the Hillsborough convention for the adoption of the constitution of the United States. At the organization of the State university of North Carolina in 1790 he was chosen president of the board, and for the last eighteen years of his life he was major-general of the militia. A town and also a county in North Carolina were named in his honor.

LENOX, James, philanthropist, b. in New York city, 19 Aug., 1800; d. there, 17 Feb., 1880. He was the only son of Robert Lenox, a wealthy Scotch merchant of New York, from whom he inherited, in 1839, a fortune of several millions of dollars. He was educated at Columbia college and studied law, but never practised the profession. He went to Europe soon after his admission to the bar, and while abroad began collecting rare books, which later became the absorbing passion of his life. To a scholarly love of literature he added a taste for art. For half a century he devoted the greater part of his time and talent to forming a library and gallery of paintings not surpassed in value by any private collection in the New World. These, together with many rare manuscripts, marble busts and statues, mosaics, engravings, and curios, he conveyed in 1870 to his native city, together with the massive building which he erected for their preservation. The Lenox library, represented in the accompanying illustration, occupies the crest of the hill on Fifth avenue, between Seventieth and Seventy-first streets, overlooking the Central park, and cost $450,000, the land being valued at very nearly the same amount. It is a fire-proof structure, with outside walls of Lockport limestone, with a front of 200 feet and a depth of 114 feet. It contains four spacious reading-rooms, a gallery for paintings, and another for sculpture. The collection of Bibles, including the Mazarin, both as to number and rarity, is believed to be unequalled even by those in the British museum, while its Americana, incunabula, and Shakespeariana surpass those of any other American library, public or private. The collection may safely be valued at nearly a million of dollars, which, with the $900,000 for the land and building and the endowment, make a total of above $2,000,000. In addition to the library, which the founder saw completed several years before his death, he gave about half a million in money and land to the Presbyterian hospital, of which he was for many years the president. Mr. Lenox was also the president of the American Bible society, to which he was a liberal donor, as he was to Princeton college and theological seminary, and to many churches and charities connected with the Presbyterian church, of which, like his father, he was a member. His gifts were unostentatious; but their number and magnificence made it inevitable that they

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should be known to the world, from which in many instances Mr. Lenox strove to hide them. Several gifts to needy men of letters which passed through the writer's hands were accompanied by the condition that he should not be known as the donor, the same condition being imposed on a lady to whom he sent $7,000 for a deserving charity. When, some years later, she applied a second time, Mr. Lenox declined to contribute, although the object commended itself to him, because she had revealed his name on the previous occasion. He was of that small class who do good by stealth and blush to find it fame." He never married. The only lady to whom he was ever attached, and who in early life refused him, is still living and still single. This event increased his peculiarly reserved and retired habits, and he became and continued a recluse, never being seen in the best society of his native city, to which by birth and connection he belonged. He declined proffered visits from the most distinguished men of the Old World and the New and from a recent highly gifted governorgeneral of Canada, as he would doubtless have done had the Queen, whom Lord Dufferin so well represented, expressed a wish to pass his Fifth avenue threshold. An eminent scholar, who was occupied for many weeks in consulting rare books not to be found elsewhere, failed to obtain access to the library of Mr. Lenox, who, however, assigned an apartment in his spacious mansion for his use, and to that apartment the works were sent in instalments without his ever penetrating into the hall containing the precious collection, or to the presence of its possessor. Mr. Lenox occasionally reprinted limited editions, restricted to ten or twenty copies, of rare books, which he placed in some of the great public libraries and notable private collections like John Carter Brown's (q. v.). Of his seven sisters, two outlived him, but they have since died; Henrietta Lenox, the last survivor, giving to the library twenty-two valuable adjoining lots and $100,000 for the purchase of books. Portraits of Mr. Lenox were painted by Sir Francis Grant in 1848, and by G. P. A. Healy three years later, which may be seen in the Lenox gallery. He was also painted by Daniel Huntington in 1874. This picture, from which our portrait is copied, is in the Presbyterian hospital. His special request to the family was that no details of his life should be given for publication, and that not even the time of his modest funeral should be announced. See

"Recollections of James Lenox," by Henry Stevens (London, 1886).-His nephew, Robert Lenox Kennedy, b. in New York city, 24 Nov., 1822; d. at sea, 14 Sept., 1887, was for many years president of the Bank of Commerce, and succeeded his uncle as president of the board of trustees of the Lenox library, to which institution he presented, in 1879, Munkácsy's important picture of "Blind Milton. dictating Paradise Lost' to his Daughters."