the registered burials 1,950,189; showing an increase of 928,717; so that, even allowing the defi ciency of the baptismal register not to be greater than of the burial register, more than two-thirds of the increase is established upon incontrovertible grounds. Again, in the period between the enumerations of 1811 and 1821, the increase of population in England and Wales appears to have been 1,828,000: while a comparison of registered baptism and burials give an apparent increase of 1,245,000, or rather more than two thirds of the ac tual increase. This similarity of result seems to prove that the enumeration of 8101 was no more defective, as compared with that of 1811, than the enumeration of 1811 is to that of 1821. The annual excess of unentered baptisms over unentered burials is estimated at 13,561, in answer to the third question put to every officiating minister; but three times this number, after making every allowance, would scarcely reconcile the parish register abstract with the actual increase, as resulting from the three successive enumeration abstracts. But that the register of baptisms is much more deficient than that of burials has already been shown, al. though it does not seem possible to ascertain (by direct evidence) in what degree one deficiency exceeds the other. cases could not but become a cottager, and in his new situation could scarcely fail to become a married man. The manufacturing population is naturally on the increase; not only as every short period of propseri. ty and increased wages produces imprudent marriages, but also because in many manufactures, children are able to maintain themselves at an early age, and so to entail little expense on their parents, tu the obvious encouragement of marriage. But this is not a proper place for going deeply into the causes of increasing population, which may be deemed a solid good, or a dreadful evil, according to the circumstances of the country in which it occurs. (Signed) JOHN RICKMAN. June, 1822. British Finances. REVENUE. Customs, (making the deduction for the Excise, (deducting 2,550,000. lost by Assessed taxes, (deducting 500.0007. The proximate causes of the increase of population in Great Britain are obviously the diminished rate of mortality, and the increasing number of chil dren born. The first of these causes has been al-Land tax, ready adverted to, and the remarks on the sche. Miscellaneous, dules, in answer to the 6th question, assign many | Property tax, local causes of increased population, and are briefly inserted in the notes whenever any remarkable in crease appears really to have taken place. The instances of diminished population are very few, and almost always noticed. The remarks which state the increase of population to have resulted from the operation of the poor laws, are too frequent for distinct insertion; they Suppose persons to marry with a direct view of thereby obtaining a weekly allowance, or at least inreliance on that kind of resource in time of need; nor can it be denied but that such an effect seems very naturally to follow from the compulsory nature of the relief afforded to the poor in England; and it is quite certain that whenever employment is scarce, the married man will have a preference, lest he should be constrained to apply to the overseer for gratuitous aid. 1.9,135,102 26,546,415 6,108,640 1,318,000 6,256,811 1,263,274 223,430 34,234 Total net revenue of G.Britain includ 34,234 Total net revenue of G. Britain, exclu Customs, Excise and assessed taxes, Total net revenue of Ireland, Total net revenue of Great Britain and Deduct receipt upon property and war But there is reason to suspect that the poor laws are much less conducive to an increase of popula. tion than they are usually stated to be in argument, and in the remarks on the population schedules; because it must be recollected that although in Scotland there is no poor's rate, the ratio of increase since 1811 is nearly sixteen per cent. upon the resident population; while in England it is no more than 13 per cent. (as computed upon the resi. dent population, of both countries); a small differ. ence and such as probably would be expected had extra expense in Ireland, 220,000 poor rates equally, or not at all existed in both countries. Total net revenue of Great Britain and Army, Navy, EXPENDITURE. 1.7,705,000 Extra expense in Ireland; 150,000 A class of remarks more frequent in Scotland than in England, goes some length in accounting for the increase of the agricultural population; not immediately from the prosperity of agriculture during the first twelve or thirteen years, of the present centu. ry, but consequentially, from the disuse of farm-house servants, (male servants especially), when the master began to live in a very superior manner, to his Interest on exchequer bills, domestics, and the mistress to dislike the trouble of providing for them. The dismissed laborer in such 1,496,598 1,985,933 400,827 65,538 155,034 4,103,931 54,989,837 34,234 54,955,603 7,925,000 5,480,000 1,200,00 1,550,000 glass tumblers, and fifty shoes, FOREVER CEDE AND RELINQUISH the above described lands, with all thereto appertaining or belonging, or reputed so to belong, to captain Robert F. Stockton and Eli Ayres, TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the said premises, for the 3,381,456 use of these said citizens of America. And we, the said kings, and princes, and head men, do further 21,196,456 pledge ourselves that we are the lawful owners of the above described land, without manner of con29,000,000 dition, limitation, or other matter. 1,000,000 The contracting parties pledge themselves to 368,330 live in peace and friendship for ever; and do fur ther contract, not to make war, or otherwise mo30,368,330 lest or disturb each other. 51,564,786 The chancellor of the exchequer entered into a statement of the probable expenses of the year 1822, and taking them on the scale of the present year, assuming that the revenue would be consid erably increased, and that the unfunded debt would be very much diminished, he expressed a strong hope that, at the conclusion of that year, there would also be found a clear surplus of 5,000,000!. Thus, in the two years, the amount of surplus revenue above the expenditure would be 10,000,0001. African Treaty. The following copy of the treaty entered into at Cape Mesurado is a curiosity well worth preser. vation. Agreement for the cession and purchase of lunds entered into between the agents of the American coloni- 】 zation society, and the king and head men of Cape Mesurado. We the kings, princes, and head men, for a proper consideration by us received, do further agree to build for the use of the said citizens of them within the above described tract of ceded land. America, six large houses on any place selected by IN WITNESS whereof, the said kings, princes, and head men, of the one part, and captain Robert F. Stockton and Eli Ayres, of the other part, do set their hands to this covenant on the day, and year above written, (Signed) King Peter, his mark. King George, his mark, King Zoda, his mark. King Long Peter, his mark. Agreement with J. S. Mill. I HEREBY CONTRACT, for the consideration of one barrel of rum, one tierce of tobacco, one barrel of bread, one barrel of beef, one barrel of pork, and one piece of trade cloth, to give to captain R. F. Stockton and Eli Ayres, all my right and title to the houses situated on the land bought by them on Cape Mesurado. In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name, on this sixteenth day of December one thou sand eight hundred and twenty-one. (Signed) Witness: (Signed) We promise to coat. (Signed) JOHN S. MILL. Charles Carey, his mark. William Rodgers his mark. present to Charles Carey, one R. F. STOCKTON. Know all men, That this contract, made on the fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord | one thousand eight hundred twenty-one, between king Peter, king George, king Zoda and king Long Peter, their princes and head men, of the one part; and captain Robert F. Stockton and Eli Ayres, of the other part, witnesseth, That whereas certain persons, citizens of the United States of America, are desirous to es hlish themselves on the Western Coast of Africa; and have invested captain Robert F. Stockton and Eli Ayres with full powers to treat with and purchase from us the said kings, princes, and head men, certain lands, viz: Dozoa Island, and also all that portion of land bounded north and west by the Atlantic ocean, on the south and east by a line drawn in a south east direction, from the north of Mesurado river, WE, the said kings, princes and head men, being fully convinced of the pacific and just views of the said citizens of America, and being desirous to reciprocate the friendship and affection expressed for us and our people, Do HEREBY, in consideration of so much paid in hand, viz: six muskets, one box beads, two hogsheads tobaclast session, was a report from the secretary of state bo, one cask gunpowder, six bars iron, ten iron pots, one dozen knives and forks, one dozen spoons, six pieces blue bafta, four hats, three coats, three pair shoes, one box pipes, one keg nails, twenty looking glasses, three pieces handkerchiefs, three pieces calico, three canes, four umbrellas, one box soap, one barrel rum; and to be paid, the following: three casks tobacco, one box pipes, three barrels rum, twelve pieces cloth, six bars iron, one box beads, fifty knives, twenty looking glasses, ten iron pots different sizes, twelve guns, three barrels gun. powder, one dozen plates, one dozen knives and forks, twenty hats, five casks beef, five barrels pork, ten barrels biscuit, twelve decanters, twelve Foreign Ministers of the U. States. Among the papers laid before congress at the "shewing the amount of money paid as salaries, outfits and contingent expenses of foreign minis. ters since the year 1800, and the amount paid to each." The following recapitulation takes in every thing that can be generally useful for reference as to this subject. M. P. stands for minister plenipotentiary. E. E. and M. P. for envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary-these abbreviations were necessary to mechanical convenience in printing the table. We have also arranged it so that the different missions, &c. of the several gentlemen are placed together, that the amounts paid to each may be more easily ascertained by such as desire it. The cause of the Greeks. FROM THE LIVERPOOL MERCURY. Lord Erskine, whose early career was distinguish ed by his attachment to the liberties of his own. country, is a genuine cosmopolite, whose motto ap. pears to be, "The world my home, and doing good my religion." To his immortal honor, the lively interest he has manifested to the cause of regene. rated Greece presents a striking contrast to the slavish and criminal apatby with which we blush to own our countrymen have witnessed the fate of a struggling and gallant people; towards whom our national habits and earliest predilections ought to have inspired the deepest sympathy. His lordship's appeal, from which we subjoin a few passages, is addressed to the earl of Liverpool; and if it, in any degree, operates favorably upon the approaching congress, we shall greatly rejoice. For our own parts, we have very little hope that a liberal spirit will ever find its way into the deliberations of the holy alliance. "We hail the appearance of this production (says the Morning Chronicle) as the harbinger of Letter fortune to the cause of that unfortunate people. Religion and humanity have here guided the pen of thus amiable and venerable nobleman, whose voice has so often and so successfully been already raised in behalf of the oppressed; and the heart that can read his powerful appeal unmoved, must be torpid indeed. On the religious part of the com munity, we are warranted in believing that it will produce a strong and durable impression." His lordship commences with informing lord Liverpool that he is solemnly and indispensably forced, by a duty paramount to that of a statesman, to make an instant effort to engage the nations in alliance with this country, to overthrow the cruel dominion of unprincipled, incorrigible barbarians, over a christian people, struggling for freedom and independence." The noble writer then proceeds as follows: "The freehold of the Greeks, if I may so describe the possessions of that nation, comprehend Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly, Epirus, Achaia, Peloponne. sus, and Negropont, &c. with most of the islands in the Archipelago, the Ionian islands amongst the number, they being sometimes called Ionians on that account. They were masters of the celebrat cd cities, with their districts, of Athens, Sparta, Thebes, Corinth, and Mycæne, &c. and were a most refined and celebrated people. Classical learning, so justly encouraged in all countries as indispensable, derives its principal sources from their sub lime superiority in poetry and eloquence, which, in the lapse of so many ages, have found no com. petition; and, even at this hour, to inspire those who are to live after us with the most exalted sen. timents, with contempt of danger, and the sacred love of their country-we make them stoop at their desks, in their earliest years, over the histories of their illustrious forefathers, in periods when the noblest of our own were in the woods. The claim, therefore, of the Greeks, with the aid of all chris. tendom, to a free and undisturbed territory, com mensurate, at least, with the present population, is the clearest in human annals, whilst the dominion of the Turks, who overpower and oppress them, is the most audacious usurpation. They began, extended, and completed their ravages under the mask of imposture, impiously pretending to a commission from heaven for the desolation of the earth. "All that I ask of the British government, through your lordship, is an instant, faithful, and strenuous exertion, to engage our allies in this great cause of humanity, without giving rise (as I assert it could not) to any probable, or, rather, possible contest, which could deserve the name of war. "It cannot be questioned, that, by thus taking the lead for the deliverance of the Greeks, we should lay the foundation of an endless gratitude, be advantaged by their returning power and commerce, while we were snatching from the desert the most fertile provinces, and redeeming from their abject slavery and contagious pestilence, the noblest peaple of the ancient world. "But it is objected that the Greeks are not less savagely cruel than the Turks. I will not hear such a charge--the gentlest animals which Providence has subjected to us, patient of labor, and licking the benevolent hand that feeds them, when maddened. with terror and goaded by barbarous oppression, will change on a sudden all the characteristics of their original natures, and overthrow every thing in their course. To judge of what the Greeks, under good government, are capable of being, we have only to look back to what they have been. Their pedi grees, in which we can trace so many great men, who never should have died, ought to protect them from the Saracens, who cannot show, in all their escutcheons, a single man who should have lived. Well then may we exclaim to such miscreants, in the language of Milton "Lift not thy spear against the Muse's bower, "But, although I have thus endeavored, against my most predominant feelings, to expel from my indignant views, cruelties by whomsoever committed, and, in protection of the unfortunate Greeks, have covered them with the veil which our imperfect natures entitle me to throw over them; yet, let it be remembered, that what I have written concerning them, applies only to unpremeditated in. humanity, such as, when hunted like wild beasts, they have turned upon their pursuers, but that bat barous retaliations can receive no pardon-it continued when they are contending, as a nation, for their religion and freedom. I rejoice that they are advanced in that condition, that they are marshal. ling armies, that they are laying the foundations of a civil government; and I feel confident that they will henceforth remember that they are soldiers and christians. "That our influence could fail, if faithfully exert ed, I cannot bring my mind to believe. I might ask those who were the warmest advocates for the war. and who hold the highest its happy termination, and the eminence on which it has placed us, what THEY would think, if it could be doubted, that if we spoke the word we should be obeyed? The misfortune is, my lord, that we did not speak it at a time when many of the enormities which have taken place, and for a long time must follow, might have been averted, and I fear that we may be Now under great embarrassment in holding a different course. I am convinced that it has been entirely owing to the system which the governments of Europe have too long been pursuing, that the great work of humanity and justice has not long ago been complete, and the only difficulty I can foresee to its instant accomplishment is, that, perhaps, we ourselves must retrace some of our steps in taking the lead to give it effect. Our alliance with the Porte ought to have been long ago removed out of the way, as being unworthy of the British government and people; and, without contending that we should at once trave resented by hostility their monstrous ini New Jersey. The elections in this state were held last week. No opposition was made to the republican candidates for congress: to the council 9 republicans and 4 federalists are returned; to the assembly 30 republicans and 12 federalists-majoriin joint meeting twenty three. quities, yet, if not a man in England were prepared "My observations, my lord, upon this afflicting subject, are drawing fast to their close. It has been for some time no secret that a congress is to be held upon the continent, where the subject of the Greeks cannot but come under consideration, and that we are to be represented at it by some minister of state. It was this which determined me, without a moment's delay, to write and to publish this letter; because it would have been too late to make any useful appeal to your lordship or the public, after we had taken our part, and, perhaps, concurred in measures which I could then only uselessly dissent from. "If this congress of sovereigns and their ministers is only to have for its object the renewed support of principles and projects already too notori ous, and if, to avoid any incongruity or departure from the system hitherto acted upon, Turkey is to he sanctimoniously upheld as a legitimate sovereignty, and the Greeks are to be sacrificed, or in any manner compromised, on the ground that they are the subjects of the Porte, and bound by their allegiance, though against their universal will, to obedience and peace, I desire hereby to express my abhorrence of comprehending this country in such an odious combi. nation, and I am confident that the great mass of the British people will join me in my protest. My alarm as to the future, my lord, is justified by what is past. The conduct of Russia is quite inexplica ble upon any other ground than that she has been, recently, at least, acting in concert with the continental powers, and ourselves, perhaps, along with them, had taken no steps for any establishment for the Greeks, nor were preparing to provide for them any security whatsoever." CHRONICLE. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe lately met, like private persons, at Charlotte ville, or as ordinary visitors to the University of Virginia. Florida. The legislative council bave agreed to wear crape for sixty days, in testimony of respect for their late president, Dr. James C. Bronaugh. This late valued man fell a victim to his disinterested zeal in attending the sick at Pensacola. Washington City. The first beil erected in this city for public purposes, was placed in the tower of the Unitarian church on the 11th instant. Close polling. An election was held last week in the district composed of the city and county of Philadelphia and county of Delaware, (under the former apportionment), to supply a vacancy in the present congress-the amount of votes was 11,953, of which col. Forrest had a majority of one. Philadelphia. Robert Wharton, esq. is re-elected mayor. | The gentlemen elected to congress are Messrs. Lewis Condict, Geo. Cassedy, Samuel Swan, Geo. Holcombe, James Matlack and Garrison. Delaware election. The returns are now publish. ed and shew that Louis McLane is re-elected to congress by a majority of 639 votes- and that Daniel Rodney is chosen to supply the place of C. A. Rodney, in the present congress; these are "federalists,” though a “republican” governor has been elected by a majority of 22 votes. The legislature, for nearly the first time we believe, has a decided republican majority. Maryland election. The following is a list of the members of congress lately chosen in this statePeter Little, Samuel Smith, Joseph Kent, Henry R. Warfield, Raphael Neale, re-elected. Thomas Hayward, jr. in the place of Mr. Wright, George E. Mitchell, in the place of Mr. Read, John S. Spence, in the place of Mr. Bayly, and John Lee, in the place of Mr. Nelson-the old members in each of those cases having declined a poll. More mines in North Carolina. Gold and silver, as well as lead, in considerable quantities, have lately been discovered in Lincoln county, in the state of North Carolina, Mad dogs. A London paper states that the hydrophobia prevailed to such a degree in New York and Philadelphia, that the military had been called out to kill the dogs! A tyger, weighing 92 lbs. and measuring 6 feet 3 inches, was lately killed in the neighborhood of Blakely, Alabama. Squirrels. In some parts of Ohio, these animals are so numerous as to threaten the destruction of whole crops of corn. Thousands of them are killed by hunting parties, without an apparent diminution of their numbers. A Cadiz paper says "they are literally thronging the streets and house tops of our villages every day"-2,551 of them were killed by a party of eleven men in four days. Geese. James Sisson, esq. who resides near Warren, R I. has a breed of geese, that weigh, when fatted, 20 lbs. or upwards a piece. The old ones were imported from Germany, and the young broods appear to do well. Newspapers. For the first eig ty years after the British colonies began to be settled, (says Dr. Dwight), there were no newspapers printed in any of them. The first was the Massachusetts Gazette, originally the Boston Weekly Newsletter, which was published in 1704. There were only 7 published before 1750. In 1765 there were 26 on the continent, and 5 in the West India Islands. The Massachusetts Gazette begun 1704 1721 1728 1734 1735 1742 1742 1745 1751 1754 1755 1757 1765 PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEN NILES, AT THE FRANKIIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, BAST OF SOUTH-STREST. |