formed of the nature and condition of the materials, as to their lands and civil rights and privileges. upon which we are about to operate, I will take the And the corporation of Harvard college and the soliberty of adverting to extracts from the report of ciety for propagating the gospel among the Indians Dr. Morse, which was referred to the committee for and others in North America, provide for their rethat purpose. ligious and moral instruction, having charity funds

In New England there are nine tribes, 2,247 souls. in its treasury, appropriated for the use and benefit of In New-York ten tribes, 4,840 souls. In Pennsyl- the Indians, the former 12,000 the latter 9,000 dolls. vania thirty years ago, three tribes, 1,300 souls, num-A stated missionary, the rev. doctor Fish, is supber at this time not known. In Ohio, fifteen tribes, ported at Marshpee. The rev. doctor writes that, 2,047 souls. In Michigan and the N. W. territory, "among them there are a few who are eminently thirty-six tribes, 27,480 souls. In Indiana and Illi- pious; considerable numbers decent in their lives, nois, fourteen tribes, 15,522 souls. Southern In- and not a few shockingly profligate. The state of dians east of the Mississippi, twenty tribes, 66,487 morals low. Intemperance, with its concomitants, souls. Total number east of the Mississippi, twen is found among them. The number of pure bloodty tribes, 120,283 souls. North of Missouri and ed Indians is extremely small, say 50 or 60, and is west of the Mississippi, thirteen tribes, 41,350 daily decreasing. The mixture of blood arises far souls. East of the Rocky Mountains to the Mis- more from their connection with negroes, than sissippi and between Missouri and red river; or with the whites; their number is diminishing on acwest of the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains, count of their vices." The rev. Mr. Thatcher thirty-six tribes, 105,021 souls. Between Red and writes as follows: "It is true we think we see but the Rio del Norte forty-two tribes, 105,021 souls. little good in preaching to these people. Did we West of the Rocky Mountains, eighty-seven tribes, not take into consideration the evils which we pro145,600 souls. Whole number west of the Missis-bably prevent, who would not be discouraged and sippi 337,341. Total number in the United States give up the cause, saying I have labored in vain, besides about 5,000 in Florida, and ten tribes, (num- and spent my strength for nought?" In Rhode ber not known), inhabiting the upper Mississippi, Island it is said their condition is not quite so bad. 457,642 souls. Of those in Connecticut, it is said "that the few Now, said Mr. M. how to civilize and refine, and now remaining in this state have made but few ad.. christanize, these our red brothers and sisters is vances in any thing which pertains to civilization, the question; a question truly of considerable mag- and are gradually wasting away, after the manner nitude, the solution of which appears to be attend- of other tribes, now extinct. The state has assum ed with no inconsiderable difficulty. The pasted the care of their property, in like manner as the and the present history of this matter sheds a faint other New England states have provided for their gleam of light, by which to guide us in future. Indians. They have such advantages of religion Here Mr. M. referred to Loskiel's history of the and moral instruction as they are willing to receive. missions among the Indians in North America which are few, and the effects proportionably smal about 150 years ago. At that period the author in- Those Indians, especially at North Stonington, and forms us that much had been done for the edifica- at Groton, are said to be, with very few exceptions, tion and refinement of the Indians; that vast num intemperate and improvident; of course, poor and bers of them were at that time a pious and exem- miserable. They manufacture mats, brooms, basplary people, rapidly increasing in civilization, and kets, and so on, which they generally sell for arin christian knowledge. By readnig their subse-dent spirits." Such are the results of long expequent history, however, we are irresistibly drawn rience, as we have it from the mouths of individuals to the concluson, that their spiritual fathers wrote who are employed to civilize and to convert them with an eye to their own exclusive benefit and emo-to christianity, and who are compensated for their lument, making those upon whom their heavy con- services by public or private donations. Shall this tributions were levied, the dopes. government take up and follow the hopeless example?

Mr. M. now referred to Bouchette on Canada, giving an account of the condition of the domicili "The Six nations, residing in the state of New ated Indians of St. Regis, who, for centuries, had York, in number 4,575, remain on their respective been blessed with resident Catholic missionaries as reservations, containing, in all, about 265,315 acres their spiritual fathers; and, instead of progressing of land." "Many petty depredations, and thefts, in civilzation and refinement, or in christian piety and trespasses, are committed by them and the and virtue, were still a lazy, dirty, and degraded whites upon each other." To this testimony may band of savages, unchristian, immoral, and vicious, in the extreme.

be added that of honorable members from New York, who inform us that, instead of advancing in civilization, or in piety, they are rapidly degenerating into vice and corruption.

Mr. M. said he would now refer to the history of the various tribes, or remnants of tribes, in the interior of our own country, by reading extracts Of those in the state of Ohio, it is said: "The from the report of doctor Morse. The rev. E Wyandots came from the country near the Quebec, Kellogg writes the following account: "The Pas-about two hundred and fifty years ago, when the samaquoddies and Penobscots are catholics, and French had dominion of Canada. They maintainunder the care of catholic priests, who receive aed a Roman catholic missionary among them. By stated stipend from the sate treasury. They have these missionaries they were nearly all baptized, made no other than incipient improvements in any and nearly all the aged ones still carry crucifixes thing which pertains to civilized life; and are sadly in their bosoms, under their shirts. Between the given to intemperance." So much for the Indians years 1803 and 1810 the presbyterians supported a in the state of Maine. Now for those in the state missionary among them, on the Sandusky river. A of Massachusetts. "All the Indians remaining in few converts were made, who were put to death this state reside on their respective reservations at by the catholic Indians on account of their reliMarshpee, Herring Pond, Martha's Vineyard, and gion."

Troy, on the south east part of the state, from 50 From this I infer that it is improper to impose a to 100 miles from Boston. The state, by a board tax upon our protestant citizens for the support of of overseers, exercises a guardian care over them, Catholic missionaries, and equally as improper to

tax the catholic for the purpose of supporting pro- | You whites possess the power of subduing almost "testant missionaries. To preserve our holy reli. every animal to your use.' But, after this acknow. gion in its purity, we must let it make its own way, ledgment, on his part, of our superior skill in the with the smiles and friendly countenance of the various arts, and this candid expression of his ad government beaming upon every sect and denomi- miration, he continues thus: "You are surrounded nation, without giving pecuniary aid to any one. by slaves. Every thing about you is in chains; and "The number of Cherokees, inclusive of whites, you are slaves yourselves; I fear, if I should change blacks, and mixed blood, is estimated at 11,500. my pursuits for yours, I should become a slave.In the treaty of March, 1819, they ceded a part of Talk to my sons; perhaps they may be persuaded their territory to the United States. Among other to adopt your fashions, or at least to recommend reservations is one of a tract of land, of twelve them to their sons; but for myself, I was born free! miles square, to be sold by the United States, and and wish to die free!! I am perfectly content with my vested by the president in the most profitable condition. The forests and rivers supply all the stock, as a school fund for the Cherokee nation." wants of nature in plenty; and there is no lack of white people to purchase the products of our la bor."

For a population not half equal to that which is contained in a small county in one of our states, this appears to be an ample provision. Our own Such, said Mr. M. is said to be the languagecitizens, in any part of this union, would rejoice such the sentiments of the Indians, generally. And to have such a school fund as this. what a commentary is this upon the speculations of The Choctaws, it is said, are also well provided the theorist; upon him whose fanciful notions give for. direction to all his actions. What a lesson to the Now, said Mr. M. what are we told by that dis- proud presumptious man, who never thinks of dotinguished fellow citizen, whose keen and penetrating good to thousands, and tens of thousands of ing intellect, and whose long experience enables nearer, and dearer, and much nobler objects imme. him to speak to us the language of wisdom, and diately around him, who are fairly within the sphere to afford us so much light upon this momentous of his action, and in need of his assistance; but is subject? [He then read from the Literary and Scien- continually casting ahead, before the light breezes tific Repository, the following extract of a letter of his own inordinate vanity, pretending to vie with from gov. Cass.] "The lessons of experience upon his maker in acts of universal benevolence. Yes! of this subject are too important to be disregarded. universal benevolence. How have his imaginary In the zealous efforts which are now making to castles been upset and demolished by those plain, meliorate the condition of the Indians, we have much but irresistible and self-evident truths, which have to learn from the history of the progress and result fallen from the lips of an Indian. of the same experiment which was made by the When the forests no longer abound in game, sor Jesuits. We cannot bring to the task more fervid the rivers with fish, in sufficient quantities for the zeal, more profound talents, more extensive or va- sustenance and support of the Indians, he will abanried acquirements, nor probably a deeper know-don the life of the hunter for that of the agricultu ledge of the principles of human nature. But, so far rist, and not before. As long as furs and peltries are as respects any permanent or valuable impression, in demand and can be had by following the chase, they have wholly failed. Very few of the Indians that long there must, and will, and ought to be, profess any attachment to the christian religion: hunters; and, were it in our power, by forced mesand, of those who make this profession there is not sures, or otherwise, to withdraw the Indian from probably one whose knowledge is not confined to the the recesses of the wilderness, from the pursuits imposing rites, and external ceremonies of the of the chase, and learn him to become a tiller of Catholic church. A more vivid impression appears the ground, what would be the consequence?— to have been made upon the Wyandots than upon Would not the white man become a bunter in his any others, and they preserved for a longer term stead? And thus, while, with such eager solicithan any other tribe, traces of the indefatigable tude, we urge and press and force, if we could force, exertions of their spiritual fathers. But, even with the Indians into a state of civilization, do we unthem, superior as they are in intellectual endow civilize, or, rather, savagize, an equal number of ments, and placed by their local situation in contact our citizens. Would not this be the inevitable with a Catholic community, the subject is forgot-result? No one, it is presumed, will, or can, deny ten, or, if remembered, it is remembered only by a the fact. And is it not a fact worthy of most serious few aged and decrepid persons, like other tradi- consideration? I candidly acknowledge that, for tionary legends of their nation." my own part, I have no great partiality for such a change, or rather for such an exchange, even were it in our power to accomplish it.

Upon these remarks, said Mr. M. no commentary can be necessary. I will now pass to one more extract of a letter, from Mr. Sibley, an intelligent Indian agent, of long experience among that peo ple, to Dr. Morse, which I have taken from his

report:

But, I am persuaded that the civilization of the Indians, if effected at all, is to be the work, not only of time, but of necessity. Yes, sir, of sheer, of stern necessity: Slowly progressive in its march, "I have noticed Indians observing with much ap- and by degrees almost imperceptible, it will, withparent interest the effects of our agricultural skill, in the time, and to such extent as their great and our fine gardens, abundant crops, and numerous good Spirit shall direct, come to pass. comforts and conveniences. A very sensible Osage, Let us be careful to throw no obstacles in the the Big Soldier, who had twice been at Washing-way. On the contrary, let us set them a bright exton, once said to me, when I was urging the subject ample, and that example will have its attractions. of civilization upon him: 'I see and admire your We are much the strongest party; therefore, let manner of living, your good warm houses, your justice, peace, and mercy towards them, be our extensive fields of corn, your gardens, your cows, motto. It is our duty to treat them with humanity oxen, work horses, waggons, and a thousand machines that I know not the use of. I see that you are able to clothe yourselves, even from weeds and grass. In short, you can do almost what you please.

and tenderness, and not to abuse the power we possess, by wielding it to their injury and destruction. And, sir, if we go beyond this, if we must and will (draw upon our country's treasury to help them on,

Tet it only be done, when there is at least a reason- [We have a numerous household, cons sing of nearable prospect of attaining the great object we have ly ten millions of souls, for whom, if we do not in view. provide, let us not deprive them of the means which Much of the treasure of this people has alrea- they are industriously striving to provide for themdy been wasted in vain and futile attempts to civi-selves. lize the Indians. I say wasted, because its applica- The citizen of this republic who rears a numertion has had no good effect upon them, and has sub- ous family in decency, were he to sit down and served no other purpose, except to fill the pockets calculate the amount of taxes annually paid by him of a few favored individuals, who are interested in upon the articles of sugar, molasses, tea, coffee, deceiving us, and all of whom now unite in one gene- pepper, spices, muslins, callicoes, cloths, and so on, ral cry for more money-more money-give us more an endless list, would be lost in astonishment. Yes, money and the public land, and the good work shall he would be lost in astonishment. be done! Not that any good is likely to be done so as I know, Mr. Speaker, that we represent a magnato be discernable to those who live in our day, and nimous and a generous people. Of taxes they will generation. Oh no! But perhaps some small traces not complain if imposed for humane, and benevo of the good effects of our honest, and disinterest- lent, and useful purposes, and applied accordingly. ed efforts, may be visible to those of our posterity But we are deceiving ourselves, and the people are a few centuries hence, who delight so much in look- deceived, in supposing that we promote the cause ing back through the dark mists and shadows, as of humanity, or add any real substantial benefit to they are closing behind them-through the twilight the Indians by this idle application of our moneyof uncertainty, for the purpose of descrying, and of this wanton waste of the nation's treasure. A word contemplating the virtues, and the generosity of or two in relation to those Indians who are disperstheir ancestors; and of profiting, as individuals of ed and scattered over that vast region of wilder a similar cast always have done, as they now do, ness beyond the borders of our settlements. And and always will do~very little by any good exam- here I do not mean to travel with you upon the ple. waters of the Rio del Norte or along the shores How various are the pursuits of various men.of the Pacific. Nor do I intend at present to run One man is engaged, deeply and ardently engaged, across the path of my honorable and highly re in contemplating the scenes which have long since spected friend from Virginia, by disturbing his ingone by, and over which time-bald pated time! is fant colony at the mouth of the Columbia; though about to throw, or perhaps has already thrown, its I may hereafter stand at his back, when it shall impenetrable mantle, for the purpose of hiding become necessary to support him in opposition to those scenes forever from the view of mortals. the emperor Alexander. But, confining myself to Another devotes his whole life most earnestly the Indians on this side of the Rocky Mountains and zealously to the study of some plan, or scheme, what do they think of our civilizing systems? or project, by which he fondly hopes to add very Let them answer for themselves. The words of a greatly to the future stock of human happiness, and principal chief of the Fox tribes, as related by Mr. of human granduer, and of human glory, and there. Sibly, will shew you their aversion to our laws, and by to procure for himself a name immortal. While, the repugnance they feel to what we call civilion the other hand, such men as myself, limited, ex-zation. "The Great Spirit, said Wah-hal-lo, put tremely limited no doubt in their views, and fully the Indians on the earth to hunt, and to gain a liv sensible of their own weakness, without looking ing in the wilderness; and I always find that, when quite so much at the past, or pretending to form any of our people depart from this mode of life, any very extensive plans for the future, confine by attempting to read and write, and live like the their humble and feeble exertions, principally, to white people do, the Great Spirit is displeased with that, which, in their opinion, will redound most to them, and they soon die "* Here we discover that the honor and interest of their compeers; espe-submission to laws, however mild and equitable in cially of those upon whom their acts are to have an their provisions, is, in their estimation, the most inimmediate, and certain effect-returning thanks tolerable bondage. The various cords and links occasionally, to be sure, for the good with which by which, under the social compact, all civilized their ancestors were blessed, and praying for the societies are united, they look upon as so many good of posterity, but without once losing sight of galling chains, as the very badges of slavery, and what they consider a great, a paramount, and an in- therefore not to be endured. These wild, but dispensable duty, which they owe to the present proud and lofty spirits, indignantly spurn what they generation. are led to consider a dull and ponderous load. Mr. Such men as these, Mr. Speaker, will necessarily Speaker, I know not how to hold the mirror up to inquire of you, how do we raise the revenue out of nature. But little of my time has been devoted to which this civilizing cash is to be furnished? They the study of her laws. I cannot pretend to say, will not forget, that it is raised in part by an indi- whether, in the organization and construction of rect tax upon articles of the very first necessity; the interior man, there is so great a difference that and in part by taxing those articles from the use of the white and red man cannot be brought to think which our citizens derive a very considerable por- and act alike, under similar circumstances. But I tion of all their comforts, and of all their enjoy-will say, that all our attempts to make them think ments; that it is a tax upon articles of necessary and act alike under circumstances so dissimilar, is consumption, a matter of very doubtful policy at not only vain, but, if I may be pardoned for the exany time. For, in proportion to the increase of pression, it is, in my opinion, an exceeding folly, if such a tax, do we depress our own productive citi-not presumption.

zens, and discourage and check the increasing po- There are certain animals which, in their exterior pulation of our own country. Yes, of our own appearance, bear as strong a resemblance to each country! endearing name, but always lost sight of when we are chasing a shadow, or pursuing a phan

*The address of the Indian chiefs to the pre toin, from which no good is to be realized. He that sident, during the present session of congress, will not provide for his own household, is said, by is well known to contain similar sentiments; they the highest authority, to be worse than an infidel. could not think of bruising their hands by labor. Sur. TO VOL. XXII—8.

other as does the white man and the Indian, and yet, laws, gradually extending to them such rights and by nature, they are wholly irreconcilable. Not to privileges as shall be reasonable, perhaps somemention certain quadrupeds of this description, I thing may be done. Otherwise, viewing all our will barely point to some of the feathered tribes. projects as a mere mockery, I am prepared to give The wild duck, for instance-how soon it dives to it over.

hide from you! The partridge conceals itself In support of these views Mr. M. said he would while the shell is yet upon its head. But more es- refer honorable members to the inaugural address pecially the turkey. Do we not see, what we very of the president, on the 4th of last March, and also properly call the wild turkey, often brought into to the report of the honorable secretary of war, life by, and raised with, those of the domestic during the present session of congress, as well as breed, without ever having seen one of its own at the session of 1818. It is but right, said he, to kind? And yet we find that, as soon as it arrives at give the Indians fair play. Encourage them to the sufficient strength and maturity, scorning the barn- exertion of their own faculties, of their own eneryard, though strewed with abundance, it leaves the gies; but do not impose heavy contributions upon roost of its companions, and, bounding aloft, it our white citizens, from which the Indians are, in perches on the top of some distant towering tree truth, to derive no profit, no advantage, but which on the branches of the proudest monarch of the forest within its reach. This is repeated again and again. Wandering from the side of the gen tle brood, he strolls in pursuit of other objects, which, though he has never seen, he is, by the irresistible force of nature, led to believe do somewhere exist. With desire keen and strong he seeks, and, if successful, he bids farewell, a long The following resolutions, moved on a previous farewell, to all his old companions, and returns to day by Mr. Benton, of Missouri, being under con them no more. And thus it is that whole broods sideration, viz:

goes to the special and exclusive benefit of those who can, with the greatest facility and convenience, obtain access to your treasury.

SOCIETY OF UNITED BRETHREN.

IN SENATE, FEB. 22, 1822.

have, from time to time, been brought into life and Resolved, That the secretary of the treasury be raised upon the farm, and have as invariably disap-directed to lay before the senate a copy of the pa peared. Where are they now to be found? Though tent (if any such there be in the treasury departI will not indulge in the afflicting belief that such ment) which issued under an act of congress, of a destiny as this does really await our red brethren, June 1st, 1796, conveying to the society of United yet I do most sincerely believe that such is the Brethren, for propagating the gospel among the barrier which nature interposes between the two Heathen, three tracts of land, of 4000 acres each, people, together with the powerful force of habit to include the towns of Goadenhatten, Schoenbrunn, operating upon them, that all our attempts to civi- and Salem, on the Muskingum, in the state of Ohio, lize those Indians, who are dispersed and scattered in trust to said society, for the sole use of the chrisin the wilderness, will be fruitless and unavailing. tian Indians formerly settled there. And, therefore, in plain and common language, I do most respectfully give it as my humble opinion, that we had better mind our own business-yes, we had much better mind our own business. And equally vain will be all our attempts to civilize those within the interior of our country, and surrounded by our settlements, unless we first remove certain artificial obstacles which we must see, and perhaps can remove. I mean, that we must radically change our present system of policy-the political relations existing between them and us. We may educate them, instruct them in agricultural and mechanic arts, furnish them with the implements of husbandry, and try to convert them to christianity; and, after all, unless we secure to them the benefit and protection of our laws and municipal regulations, and in this way engraft them, like so many twigs upon the stalk, or upon the branches of the stalk of the republic, all our efforts will be without ef fect.

Resolved, That the president be requested to cause to be collected, and communicated to the senate, at the commencement of the next session of congress, the best information which he may be able to obtain, relative to the said christian Indians, and the lands intended for their benefit in the abovementioned grant; shewing, as correctly as possible, the advance or decline of said Indians in numbers, morals, and intellectual endowments; whether the said lands have inured to their sole benefit, and, if not, to whom, in whole or in part, have such benefits accrued.

Resolved, That the secretary of the senate furnish a copy of the above resolutions to the society of United Brethren for propagating the gospel among the Heathen, addressed to the president of the society, at Bethlehem, in Northampton county, in the state of Pennsylvania.

Mr. Benton said, that he would undertake to shew, by a dry detail of historical facts, the propriety of adopting them.

If the states, respectively, in which the small tribes or remnant of tribes remain, will not consent He said, it happened about an hundred years ago, to the removal of these artificial obstacles, and suf- that the followers of the sectarian Schwenkfeld fer our civilizing experiments to be fairly made, for were expelled, by the reigning elector from the one I despair of success; and, abandoning all our electorate of Saxony; and about the same time a projects as idle, and even visionary, I will not vote Dr. Spangenburg, theologus adjunctus in the unimy country's treasure to any such purpose. En-versity of Halle, lost his place in the university on compassed around about by such a power as this, account of some dispute with the divines. Being what can they do, while they remain, not indepen-out of employment, these individuals united in a dent communities, but dependent upon our will, and project to cross over to the British colonies in yet without the pale of our laws? Aliens in their America for the purpose of civilizing and convertown country, they can do nothing; they may recede, ing the Indians; and, addressing themselves to gothey cannot advance. If the government will give vernor Oglethorpe, then in London, received from them, individually, a just and reasonable portion of him the means of transportation to Savannah, in their lands of their respective reservations, laid Georgia. Arrived at that place, they immediately out in its proper metes and boundaries, and take commenced their labors among the Creek Indians; ahem under the jurisdiction and control of the founded a church and a school at a place called

Irene, five miles from Savannah, and had the great-gress in their studies. He alluded to the opinion of est success, according to the published accounts, Dr. Franklin about these establishments, but passed in teaching and converting the natives. The noise on to the Muskingum, on the Ohio, where the van. of their employment and success drew others from guard of the Brethren arrived about the year 1770. Germany, and with the increase of laborers was duly Here they founded the towns of Gnadenhatten, extended the field of action. They spread to the Schoenbrunn, and New Salem, and were proceed. north, and entered the colony of Connecticut, being ing with their usual success, as testified by the his. invited, as the history of the mission reports, by torian, when the settlements were broken up, and the Indians themselves. Mr. B. said, that he could themselves dispersed by the troubles of the revonot gainsay the alleged fact of the invitation, norlutionary war. It was not until after the return of was it material to the point in hand; but he could peace in 1783, that they could return to their labors, say, that such an invitation implied a contradiction and about this time they began to attract the notice of every spring of human action, there being no of the American government, and to receive from principle in the breast of man, either civilized or it promises of aid, in consideration of their great barbarian, which can impel him to invite another to success in teaching and converting the Indians. make an attack upon the articles of his faith and the He read from Loskiel, to shew that the Brethren sanctity of his God. Be that as it may, Mr. B. said were now full of courage and confidence; that the that the Brethren (for by that name they began to schools and churches flourished; that the young be known) established themselves in the village of especially exceeded the old; that their converts, Shekomeko, which, if it now stands, will be found in the whole, had amounted to 1500 persons, "which between the rivers Hudson and Connecticut, some they considered to be a stock large enough to be fifty miles west of Hartford. It was & principal a light of the Lord shining unto many heathen natown of the Mahikander tribe, and the Brethren tions, for the eternal salvation of their immortal immediately established a school and a church, and had the most wonderful success in teaching and converting. To do justice to their labors, Mr. B. said that he would read the account given of it by their own historian, Loskiel.

souls."

usual privileges to sue and be sued, to have and to hold real and personal estate, were imparted to it, and it was to this society that the land in question was granted, in trust, for the sole use of the christian Indians of the towns he had mentioned.

Mr. B. said, it was to these Indians that the resolutions referred; for their use that 12,000 acres of land was granted, and it was their present number and actual condition which he wished to learn. He read "In July the new chapel at Shekomeko He said, it was about this time that the Brethren, was finished and consecrated; some of the elders of with others, became incorporated, under the act of the congregation of Bethlehem being present. The the general assembly of the state of Pennsylvania, congregation usually met every forenoon to hear by the name of "The society of United Brethren for a discourse delivered upon some text of scripture. propagating the gospel among the Heathen." The Every evening an hymn was sung. A monthly prayer day was likewise established, on which accounts were read concerning the progress of the gospel in different parts of the world, and prayer and supplication made unto God for all men, with thanksgiving. The prayer days were peculiarly Mr. B. adverted to the resolutions which he had agreeable to the Indians; especially because they submitted, and to the nature of the inquiry which heard that they were remembered in prayer by so they contemplated. He said, the grant conveyed many children of God in other places. Both on nothing but the use of the land, and that upon a those days and on all festival days, Shekomeko was precise limitation. If the use had failed, the limitaall alive, and it may be said with truth, that the tion had attached, and the ground returned to the believers shewed forth the death of the Lord both grantor. He said it would have been idle in him to early and late. One day above one hundred sa undertake to put the senate upon this inquiry, withvages came thither on a visit, and one of the mis-out being able to suggest a failure of the use; he sionaries observed, that, wherever two were stand ing together, our Lord Jesus and his love to sinners, the cause of his bitter sufferings, was the subject of conversation."

therefore made the suggestion, but without going into particulars, hoping that the senators from Ohio, so much more competent than himself, would do the senate that favor.

Mr. B. said that the history went on to shew that Mr. B. said he was a friend to the Indians and an the converted Indians increased in number and enemy to the abuse of charities. He believed that grace until they became an example to the people great abuses had been committed on public and of Connecticut. He mentioned particulary the private charity, in the name of humanity to Indians. case of a certain justice of the peace, as related by He did not include all missionaries in this censure. Loskiel, who came to Shekomeko to find out whe- He knew that the best men upon earth had engaged ther any thing was going on there contrary to the in that business from the purest and most disinte laws of the colony, and who was made ashamed of rested motives. He knew that the early history of himself by the godly walk and conversation of the North and of South America was full of such examIndians, and returned home rebuked and edified ples-examples of men who, braving all dangers by their example. and hardships, died at the stake in flames and torMr. B. said that, continuing to increase in num-tures, martyrs to their zeal to carry the light of bers and to widen their theatre-the Brethren ap- the gospel into the darkest regions. Still he bepeared in Pennsylvania among the Delawares and lieved that great abuses had been committed, and Shawnese, then in great numbers upon the Susquehe could hold it but little short of an abuse to athannah river and in the neighborhood of Philadel- tempt, at this day, with the experience of 300 years phia. He mentioned Nain, Shamokin, Bethlehem, before our eyes, to raise money from the weak and Nazareth, and many other places, as founded at credulous for the purpose of converting the Indians. this time and filled with converted Indians, and He said we had the experience of 300 years, and read from Loskiel to shew that a single congrega. every year of it would furnish illustrations of the tion consisted of five hundred converts and that the truth of his position; but he would only go back schools were thronged with girls and boys, divided two hundred, and that for the sake of a single exto regular classes, and making wonderful pro-ample. Canada was then just discovered-the