6. Failure to Afford Facilities for Interchange of Traffic with Other Lines [§ 978] p 580 7. Preventing Continuous Shipment of Freight [§ 979] p 580 8. Refusal to Deliver Freight [§ 980] p 580 9. Refusal to Give Bill of Lading [§ 981] p 582 10. Failure to Pay for Loss of, or Injury to, Goods [§§ 982–988] p 582 a. In General [ 982] p 582 b. Requisites and Sufficiency of Claim [§ 983] p 582 c. Necessity of Recovering Judgment for Full Amount of Claim [§ 984] p 583 d. Effect of Settlement of Claim [§ 985] p 584 e. Who May Sue and Who Liable [§ 986] p 584 f. Actions [987] p 584 g. Amount of Penalty [§ 988] p 584 11. Failure to Post Transportation Rates [$ 989] p 584 12. Failure to Deliver Express Matter at Residence or Place of Business [§ 990] p 585 13. Refusal to Trace Freight and Give Information [§ 991[ p 585 14. Delivery of Goods without Surrender of Bill of Lading [§ 992] p 585 15. Failure to File Annual Report [§ 993] p 586 16. Disobedience of Orders of Railroad Commission [§ 994] p 586, 17. Noncompliance with Statutes Enacted to Prevent Cruelty to Animals [§§ 995-1007] p 586 (3) Who Liable [§ 997] p 588 (4) Operation and Effect of Provisos Contained in Statute [§§ 998-1001] p 589 (a) Request of Shipper for Extension of Time [$ 998] p 589 (b) Accidental or Unavoidable Causes [§ 999] p 589 (c) Provisions for Care of Animals Obviating the Necessity for Unloading [$ 1000] p 590 (d) Time Expiring at Night [§ 1001] p 590 (5) Computation of Time [§ 1002] p 590 (6) Actions [ 1003] p 590 (7) Amount and Computation of Penalties [$ 1004] p 591 b. State Legislation [§ 1005] p 592 For later cases, developments and changes in the law see cumulative Annotations, same title, page and note number. 18. Refusal to Refund Overcharge [§ 1006] p 592 19. Penalties Imposed on Shipper or Consignee [§ 1007] p 593 XXVII. OFFENSES BY CARRIERS AND THEIR AGENTS [§§ 1008-1024] p 593 B. Failure to File Rates [§ 1009] p 593 C. Transportation of Interstate Commerce without Filing Tariff [$ 1010] p 593 1. Prosecutions Based on Section 6 of the Interstate Commerce Act [§ 1011] p 593 4. Violation of Commodities Clause of Hepburn Act [§ 1014] p 595 E. Unjust Discrimination [§§ 1015-1016] p 595 1. Under State Statutes [§ 1015] p 595 2. Under Federal Statutes [§ 1016] p 597 F. Giving Rebates [§ 1017] p 598 G. Pooling [§ 1018] p 601 H. Delay in Transportation [§ 1019] p 601 I. Embezzlement [§ 1020] p 601 J. Violation of Quarantine Laws [§ 1021] p 601 K. Transportation of Game in Violation of Statutes [§ 1022] p 601 L. Violation of Twenty-Eight-Hour Law [§ 1023] p 601 M. Operation of Freight Trains on Sunday [§ 1024] p 601 XXVIII. OFFENSES BY PERSONS DEALING WITH CARRIERS [§§ 1025–1031] p 601 A. Introductory Statement [§ 1025] p 601 B. Violations of Elkins Act [§§ 1026-1029] p 601 1. Introductory Statement [§ 1026] p 601 2. Accepting Concessions [$ 1027] p 602 3. Accepting Rebates [§ 1028] p 603 4. Receiving Discrimination [§ 1029] p 604 C. Violation of Section 10 of Interstate Commerce Act and Its Amendments [§ 1030] p 6 05 D. Sending Dangerous Goods by Carrier without Giving Notice of Their Character [§ 1031] p 605 XXIX. LIABILITY OF SHIPPER OR CONSIGNEE TO CARRIER FOR TORTIOUS ACT [§ 1032] p 605 PART FOUR: CARRIERS OF PASSENGERS I. DEFINITION AND GENERAL NATURE [§§ 1033-1036] p 606 A. In General [§ 1033] p 606 B. Particular Classes of Passenger Carriers [§§ 1034-1036] p 607 1. In General [§ 1034] p 607 2. Railroads; Street Railroads [§ 1035] p 608 3. Elevators [§ 1036] p 609 П. WHO ARE PASSENGERS [§§ 1037–1062] p 610 A. In General [§ 1037] p 610 B. Necessity of Contract [§ 1038] p 611 C. When Relation Commences [§§ 1039-1046] p 611 1. Intent to Become Passenger [§§ 1039-1044] p 611 a. In General [§ 1039] p 611 b. Going to or Awaiting Train or Car [§ 1040] p 613 c. Signaling Car or Train and Boarding Same [§ 1041] p 615 d. Purchase of Ticket [§ 1042] p 619 e. Payment of Fare [§ 1043] p 620 f. Fraud or Evasion of Fare [§ 1044] p 621 2. Acceptance by Carrier [§§ 1045–1046] p 622 a. Necessity for; What Constitutes [§ 1045] p 622 b. Invitation or Acquiescence of Carrier's Employees [§ 1046] p 622 D. Continuance and Termination of Relation [§§ 1047–1052] p 623 1. In General [§ 1047] p 623 2. Leaving Vehicle [§ 1048] p 625 3. After Leaving Vehicle [§§ 1049-1052] p 626 b. At Point Other Than Destination [§§ 1050-1052] p 628 a. At Destination [§ 1049] p 626 (1) In General [§ 1050] p 628 For later cases, developments and changes in the law see cumulative Annotations, same title, page and note number. E. Employees of Others; Special Callings on Trains [§ 1053] p 630 F. Carrier's Employees [$ 1054] p 632 G. Persons Riding Gratuitously [$$ 1055-1056] p 635 1. In General [§ 1055] p 635 2. Children [§ 1056] p 635 H. Riding on Passes [§§ 1057-1058] p 635 1. In General [§ 1057] p 635 2. On Drover's Passes or under Similar Arrangements [§ 1058] p 636 I. Persons Riding on Vehicles or in Places Not Proper for Passengers [§§ 1059–1060] p 637 1. In General [§ 1059] p 637 2. On Freight Trains [$ 1060] p 640 J. Persons Attending Passengers [1061] p 642 K. Stealing Ride as an Offense [§ 1062] p 642 ш. DUTY TO RECEIVE AND TRANSPORT PASSENGERS [§§ 1063–1068] p 643 IV. STATUTORY REGULATIONS IN GENERAL [§ 1069] p 649 V. RULES AND REGULATIONS OF CARRIER IN GENERAL [§§ 1070-1077] p 650 B. Regulations Must Be Reasonable [§ 1071] p 652 C. Notice of Regulations [§ 1072] p 654 D. Duty to Obey; Enforcement [§ 1073] p 655 E. Waiver or Abrogation of Rules [§ 1074] p 655 F. Use of Carrier's Premises [§§ 1075-1077] p 656 1. In General [§ 1075] p 656 2. Exclusive Privileges [§ 1076] p 657 3. Designating Places for Hacks to Stand [§ 1077] p 659 VI. FARES, TICKETS, AND SPECIAL CONTRACTS [§§ 1078-1150] p 660 A. Fare [ 1078-1106] p 660 1. Definitions [§ 1078] p 660 2. Rate or Amount of Fare [§§ 1079-1091] p 660 a. Rate Fixed by Carrier [§§ 1079-1080] p 660 (2) Published Rates [§ 1080] p 662 b. Legislative Regulation of Fares [§§ 1081-1088] p 662 (1) In General [§ 1081] p 662 (2) Delegation of Power [§ 1082] p 663 (3) Limitations on Power of Legislature [§ 1083] p 664 (4) Reasonableness of Rates [§ 1084] p 665 (5) Particular Regulations [§§ 1085–1088] p 667 (a) In General [§ 1085] p 667 (b) Minimum and Maximum Rates [§ 1086] p 669 (d) Mileage Books [§ 1088] p 671 c. Municipal Regulation of Street Railroad Fares [§§ 1089-1090] p 672 (1) In General [§ 1089] p 672 (2) Limitations on Power [§ 1090] p 675 d. Proceedings to Enforce, or Obtain Relief from, Rates [§ 1091] p 675 3. Right to Require Fare [$ 1092] p 677 4. Excessive and Unauthorized Charges; Recovery [§§ 1093–1099] p 678 a. In General [§ 1093] p 678 b. Penalty and Offenses [§§ 1094-1099] p 678 (1) In General [§ 1094] p 678 (2) Who May Recover [$ 1095] p 679 (3) Defenses [§§ 1096–1097] p 679 (a) In General [§ 1096] p 679 (b) Mistake [§ 1097] p 680 (4) Amount and Number of Penalties Recoverable [§ 1098] p 680 (5) Actions [§ 1099] p 681 5. Time, Place, and Mode of Tender or Payment [§§ 1100-1104] p 681 a. In General [§ 1100] p 681 b. Depositing Fare [§ 1101] p 681 c. Medium of Payment [§ 1102] p 682 d. Amount of Tender; Making Change [§ 1103] p 683 e. By and to Whom Tender or Payment Made [§ 1104] p 683 For later cases, developments and changes in the law see cumulative Annotations, same title, page and note number. 6. Back Fare [§ 1105] p 684 7. Passenger on Wrong Train [§ 1106] p 684 B. Tickets [ 1107-1134] p 684 1. Purchase and Sale [§§ 1107-1115] p 684 a. In General [§ 1107] p 684 b. Authority to Sell Tickets; Brokers [§ 1108] p 686 c. Sale on Credit [§ 1109] p 687 d. Delivery to Purchaser [§ 1110] p 687 e. Extra Charge on Failure to Purchase Ticket [§§ 1111-1115] p 687 a. In General [§ 1128] p 697 b. Right to Token in Exchange [§ 1129] p 698 c. Holder of Commutation Ticket [§ 1130] p 698 d. Coupon Tickets; Detachment of Coupons [ 1131] p 698 e. Where Ticket Is Lost [§ 1132] p 698 9. Redemption of Unused Ticket [§§ 1133–1134] p 699 a. In General [§ 1133] p 699 b. Place and Time of Redemption [§ 1134] p 700 C. Conditions and Limitations; Special Contracts [§§ 1135-1147] p 700 a. In General [§ 1142] p 706 b. Sufficiency of Identification [§ 1143] p 707 c. Effect of Noncompliance [§§ 1144-1145] p 707 (1) Failure or Refusal of Agent to Act [§ 1144] p 707 (2) Where Purchaser Is at Fault [§ 1145] p 707 6. Waiver of Conditions [§§ 1146-1147] p 708 a. In General [§ 1146] p 708 b. Omission to Enforce Condition [§ 1147] p 708 D. Passes [ 1148-1150] p 709 1. In General [§ 1148] p 709 2. Passes Forbidden by Law [§ 1149] p 710 3. Revocability of Pass [ 1150] p 712 VII. LIMITATION OF, OR EXEMPTION FROM, LIABILITY [§§ 1151–1164] p 712 A. In General [§§ 1151–1153] p 712 1. Early Rule [§ 1151] p 712 2. Present Rules [§§ 1152-1153] p 712 a. By Contract [§ 1152] p 712 b. By Notice [§ 1153] p 714 B. For Negligence [§§ 1154-1164] p 714 1. In General [§ 1154] p 714 2. Degrees of Negligence [§ 1155] p 718 3. Negligence of Carrier and That of Its Employees [ 1156] p 718 4. Applications of Rule to Particular Classes of Passengers [§§ 1157-1162] p 719 a. In General [§ 1157] p 719 b. Gratuitous Passengers; Free Passes [ 1158] p 720 c. Employees of Others in General [§ 1159] p 721 d. Drovers' Passes or Contracts [§ 1160] p 723 e. Express Messengers [§ 1161] p 725 f. Mail Agents [§ 1162] p 726 5. Transportation over Connecting Lines [§ 1163] p 726 6. What Law Governs [§ 1164] p 726 VIII. EJECTION OF PASSENGERS AND INTRUDERS [§§ 1165-1228] p 727 A. Disorderly Conduct; Obnoxious Persons [§§ 1165–1166] p 727 1. In General [§ 1172] p 731 2. Where Failure or Refusal Is Justified [§ 1173] p 734 3. Opportunity to Pay Fare or Produce Ticket !§ 1174] p 735 4. Failure to Procure Ticket or Permit for Freight Train [§ 1175] p 735 5. Extra Fares or Charges [§ 1176] p 736 D. Taking Wrong Train; Carried Past Destination; Turning Back Car [§ 1177] p 737 1. In General [§ 1178] p 739 2. Failure to Comply with Conditions of Ticket [§§ 1179-1180] p 740 a. In General [§ 1179] p 740 b. Conditions as to Signing, Stamping, and Identification [§ 1180] p 740 3. Where Time Limit Has Expired [§ 1181] p 742 4. Where Defect Is Due to Agent's Mistake [§§ 1182-1184] p 743 744 a. Rule That Ticket Is Conclusive Evidence as to Right to Transportation [§ 1182] p 743 F. Mistake of Conductor as to Right to Transportation [§§ 1185-1186] p 746 1. In General [§ 1185] p 746 2. Mistake of First Conductor [§ 1186] p 747 G. Payment or Tender of Fare to Prevent Ejection [§§ 1187-1189] p 748 1. Before Steps Taken for Ejection [§ 1187] p 748 2. After Steps Taken for Ejection [§ 1188] p 750 3. Sufficiency of Payment or Tender [§ 1189] p 751 H. What Constitutes Ejection [§ 1190] p 752 I. Place or Time of Ejection [§§ 1191-1192] p 753 2. At Improper Time or Place [§ 1192] p 754 J. Manner of Ejection [§§ 1193-1196] p 756 2. Use of Force [§ 1194] p 757 3. From Moving Train or Car [§ 1195] p 759 4. Resistance [§ 1196] p 760 K. Return of Fare or Ticket [§ 1197] p 762 L. Right to Arrest or Detain Passenger [§ 1198] p 762 M. Liability for Wrongful Ejection [§ 1199-1201] p 763 1. In General [§ 1199] p 763 2. Applications of Rules [§ 1200] p 764 3. Companies and Persons Liable [§ 1201] p 765 N. Contributory Act or Negligence [§ 1202] p 766 0. Damages [$ 1203-1212] p 767 1. In General [§ 1203] p 767 2. Expense; Loss of Time; Inconvenience [§ 1204] p 767 3. Physical Injuries [§ 1205] p 768 4. Humiliation and Mental Suffering [§ 1206] p 768 5. Proximate and Remote Damages [§ 1207] p 770 6. Mitigation of Damages [§ 1208] p 771 7. Duty to Prevent or Reduce Damages [§ 1209] p 772 8. Exemplary Damages [§ 1210] p 772 9. Nominal Damages [§ 1211] p 776 10. Inadequate or Excessive Damages [§ 1212] p 776 For later cases, developments and changes in the law see cumulative Annotations, same title, page and note number. |