Names of Cases. Section. Page. ... Stoesiger v. S. E. Ry. Co., 3 E. & B. 549 ; 23 L. F. (Q. B.) 293 B.) 300 ; in error 6 E. & B. 333 12 Bom. H. C. R. 113 P.) 75 H. & C. 175; 32 L. 7. (Ex.) 277 Bom. H. C. R. 203 v. Samson, 2 Q. B. D. 23 Uncovenanted Service Bank v. Duffin, 3 N. W. P. H. C. R. 99 Vance v. Lowther, i Ex. D. 176 4; 5 D. & Ry. 374; i Moo. & M. 520 v. Barnes, 5 Taunt. 240 v. McDonald, 2 Exch. 527; 17 L. 7. Names of Cases. Section. Page. Warrington v. Early, 2 E. & B. 763 ; 23 L. 7. (Q. v. Furbor, 8 East, 245 Warwick v. Rogers, 5 M. & Gr. 340 87 75 6,63,77,82 133 117 24,108,120, 124 48 51 80 130 25 69,110 109, 110 ... R. 394 32 ... Watson v. Russell, 3 B. & S. 40 (N. S.) 248 ; 32 L. 7. (C. P.) 161 (Ex.) 108 v. Unwin, 7 Q.B. D. 636; 29 W. R. v. James, 15 Q. B. 498 ; 19 21 7.(Q.B.) 445 v. Jarrett, 5 B. & Ad. v. Waring, 10 B. & C. 2 124; 16 B.) 202 1Q B.) 41 (Bkcy.) 9. Yates v. Nash, 8 C. B. (N. S.) 581; 29 2.7. (C.P.) 306 Yglesias v. River Plate Bank, 3 C. P. D. 60,330. Yorkshire Banking Co. v. Beatson, 5 C. P. D. 109 ; 4 C. P. D. 204 Young v. Grote, 4 Bing. 253 .. 60 6 68 95 100 103 25 II2 152 160 15,88 120 18 4,46 76 ... 152 Page 1, Section 1 line for 1871, read 1882. 5 to note 3, add s. C. 17 Suth. W. R., 442. to note 4, add s. C. 42 L. J. (Q. B.) 183. & W, 139. in note 4 instead of Moreland read Moulard. 45 & 46 Vict. c. 75. D., 227. in note 3 for at p. 463, read at p. 643. C. R. 275 ; Van Ingen v, Dhunna Lall, I. L. R. 5 Mad- 108. in note 5 line 3 after reversed' insert, 9 Q. B. D. 555. in note 3 for 3 A. & E. 193, read 3 Ad. & E., 193. 147 to note 4, add s. C. 17 Suth. W. R., 442. 150 in note 3 after 2 Q. B. 388, add S. C. 11 L. J. (Q. B.) 121 ; 2 G. & D., 116. 155 in note 1 after 8 B. & C. 610, add s. C. Moo. & R., 23. 175 in note 3 for 8 C. B. at p. 166, read 8 C. B. (N. S.) 538. 177 to note 1, add s. C., P. & D. 408 181 in note 1 for 455, read 251. THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881. An Act to define and amend the law relating to Promissory Notes, Bills of Exchange and Cheques. WHEREAS it is expedient to define and amend the Preamble. law relating to promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques; It is hereby enacted as follows: CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY. 1. This Act may be called “The Negotiable Short title. Instruments Act, 1881 :" It extends to the whole of British India; but Local extent. nothing herein contained affects the Indian Paper Currency Act, 1871, section twenty-one, or affects Saving of usages relating any local usage relating to any instrument in an to hundis, &c. oriental language : Provided that such usages may be excluded by any words in the body of the instrument, which indicate an intention that the legal relations of the parties thereto shall be governed by this Act; Commence. ment. and it shall come into force on the first day of March 1882. This is a reservation of Sec. 92 prov. (5) of the Evidence Act I of 1872, whereby any usage or custom by which incidents, not expressly mentioned, in a contract are usually annexed to contracts of that description may be proved. The Proviso would seem to relate to express contracts, and of course all instruments in any European language will come within the provisions of the Act. Nothing in the Transfer of Property Act (IV of 1882, Sec. 139) is applicable to negotiable instruments. The following is a lucid account of what a hundi is, and points out in clear language in what it differs from a bill of exchangeit is taken from a Judgment of Arnould J., in the Bombay High Court. "The documents on which the moneys were sought to “be recovered in the suit were paid, were hundis made payable “to Shah Shah Jogi and such hundis differ from bills of exchange “in one very material circumstance, amongst others, that, as a “ general rule, the acceptance of the drawee is not written across them, so as thereby to give them an additional degree of mer“ cantile credit, and to that extent to make it just to impose an "additional degree of liability on the acceptor; but as a rule the “particulars are only entered in the drawee's books. It may be " added also as a general rule, that hundis are very frequently “ not presented for acceptance, before they are presented for payment, that is before they are either due or over-due.” The general process is this : -“ The Shah' or person who has “ bought or holds the hundi, and whose name must always be in“ dorsed on it before it is presented, sends one of his men to the “shop of the drawee, whose Killidar, after referring to the par" ticulars of advices relating to the hundi, which have in due “course been previously entered in the Chitti nond, or bill book, " and finding it correspond therewith, thereupon enters in the Shah means responsible, respectable : a man of worth and substance, known in the bazaar. A hundi payable to Shah is paid on the responsibility of the Shah, Davlatram v. Bulakidas, 6 Bom. H, C. R., at p. 28. Foog Jogi is equivalent to payee, the person who has the right to be paid ; Thakar Das v. Futteh Mull, 7 Beng. L. R. at p. 302. |