of General Herron, and fought till the sun went down on the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark. On this field were gathered the largest number of Kansas troops, up to that time ever drawn together, there being represented the Sixth and Ninth, the Tenth and Eleventh and Thirteenth Regiments, and the Second Kansas Cavalry. The guns of three Kansas batteries, commanded by Smith, Tenney and Stockton, did excellent service.

Gov. Thomas Carney.

Within the year, Blunt defeated the enemy at Newtonia, Old Fort Wayne, and Cane Hill, and closed it with the capture of Van Buren.

151. Second State Election.-In November, 1862, occurred the second State election in Kansas. Thomas Carney was chosen Governor, with Thomas A. Osborn, Lieutenant-Governor; W. H. H. Lawrence, Secretary of

State; Asa Hairgrove, Auditor; William
Spriggs, State Treasurer; Warren W.
Guthrie, Attorney General; Isaac T.
Goodnow, Superintendent of Public
Instruction; John H. Watson, Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court; Lawrence
D. Bailey, Associate Justice. A. Carter
Wilder was elected Representative in
Congress.

152. Strife in Indian Territory.In 1863, the Kansas fighting was transferred to the Indian Territory. Colonel William A. Phillips with his Indians, fought Colonel Coffey at Fort Gibson, which has been

changed to Fort Blunt. Colonel James M. Williams, with the First Kansas, colored, 800 strong, and 300 Indians, defeated General Stand Watie at Cabin creek.

SUMMARY.

1. The census of 1860 gave Kansas 143,643 inhabitants.

2. Kansas furnished a surplus of 3,433 men during the Civil War. 3. Kansas lost more soldiers per 1,000 than any other State in the Union.

4. The First and Second Kansas fight at Wilson's Creek.

5. The "Kansas Brigade" campaigned in Missouri.

6. Indian and colored troops gave their services to Kansas.

7. Kansas troops fought at Prairie Grove, Ark. 8. Second State election, November, 1862. econd Governor.

Thomas Carney the

CHAPTER XVII.

QUANTRELL'S RAID.

153. Kansas' Position.-Kansas, during the war, was exposed to three species of invasion and calamity: first, to the hostile approach of the regular forces of the Confederacy; second, to the raids of Indians; and, third, to the attacks of guerillas, irregular troops, the scourge and curse of war. These predatory rangers, whose occupation was robbery, and whose pastime was murder, broke in many times. The places chosen were those without defences or garrison, where it was possible to plunder and kill with comparative safety. The most appalling of these disasters was Quantrell's raid on Lawrence, on the morning of the 21st of August, 1863.

154. Recorders of the Event. The story of the Quantrell raid has been written many times. No dire event in Kansas history has been described with more painful care. Rev. Dr. Richard Cordley, still of Lawrence, whose congregation was filled with death, and who said the first hurried prayers over the thronged and crowded corpses, wrote one of the first accounts of the tragedy. Mr. Hovey A. Lowman, a journalist, wrote another. After many years, Dr. Cordley, in his "History of Lawrence," has retold the strange eventful story, and Mr. John Speer, who was a witness and a sufferer, two of his sons being murdered, has of recent years, in his "Life of James H. Lane," referred to the destruction, though shrinking from entering into the awful details.

155. Attack a Surprise.-Now aging people, who talk over the Quantrell raid, as they still do, have not ceased to

wonder at it, that a town which had served as a rendezvous for troops through the war, should, on that morning, have had at hand no single armed military organization for its defense, and that an attacking force of between 300 or 400 men

should have ridden through forty miles of settled country from the Missouri border, without a single messenger reaching the doomed place with word of warning. At one point a Federal force was passed by the guerillas, and their character made out, and word was sent to Kansas City, but not to Lawrence. It was five o'clock in the still, summer morning when drowsy Lawrence was wakened by vengeful yells, the crash of revolvers, and the pattering hoof of horses. There was no defence. There were no defenders. The soldiers in the town were but a small body of recruits who were in camp, but had not yet received arms. These were nearly destroyed

by what might be called a single volley. The militia company of the place had stored their arms in their armory, and could not reach each other or their arms.

156. The Massacre.-There was first the hurried murder of the charge, the guerillas firing on whoever they saw as they rode past, and afterward the deliberate and painstaking massacre, house by house, and man by man, which lasted for four hours. As is often the case in seasons of terror, as in shipwrecks, the women displayed the highest courage, struggling with their bare hands to save their houses from the flames, their sons and husbands from the swarming murderers. The town was robbed and burned, the black smoke rising in a great cloud in the still air. The Eldridge House, the successor of the old Free State Hotel, burned in 1856, was specially devoted to the flames. The safeguard given the guests and inmates of this hotel by Quantrell himself, was the one ray of mercy that illumined the darkness of the time. These were protected while he remained in the town. The guerillas, loaded with plunder, left unmolested. They avoided places that looked defensible, and a few Union soldiers on the north side of the river, firing across the stream, kept the neighborhood near the river bank cleared of enemies. There was no seeking for a combat. Those who were killed were non-combatants who died without an opportunity for defense. As the enemy drew off, General Lane and Lieutenant John K. Rankin gathered a handful of men, and pursued, but only sufficient in force to keep the enemy moving.

157. Estimate of the Killed.-To this day the count of the dead and wounded on that fatal day varies. Speer estimates that 183 men and boys were killed.

Mr.
Dr.