one instance there was an announced candidate for Mayor
of one of the future cities, the day before the "rush."
313. The Rush. At noon, on the 22d of April, 1889,
at sound of bugle came the instantaneous occupation of
Oklahoma. The United States cavalrymen, drawn up in
front of the multitude of vehicles, crowded with people,
and a great host of horsemen, mounted for the most part
on wíry prairie ponies, moved forward, wheeled to the
right and left to clear the way, and the occupying wave,
made up, as was estimated along the border, of 40,000
human beings, swept into Oklahoma. There was a moment
of peril at the line, and then the mass opened out like a
fan, and all was safe. From Arkansas City six great rail-
road trains, carrying 6,000 people, moved in the evening
into the new country.

314. Effect on Kansas.-Kansas bore a great part in the opening and occupation of the Territory. It was estimated that the population of Kansas was diminished by 50,000. But Kansas is like the wondrous bush in the wilderness of old, burning, but never consumed. In the year 1889, which saw the opening of Oklahoma, half of the public lands taken in the United States were located in the States of Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota and Colorado. In 1888, the report of the Secretary of the Interior showed that 1,550,235 acres had been patented in Kansas.

315. County Seat Difficulties. In January, 1889, the contention of Ingalls and Cimarron for the seat of justice of Gray county, rendered the presence of troops necessary. After three men had been killed, General Murray Myers, of the State troops, visited the disturbed locality. The controversy was finally ended by the order

of the Supreme Court compelling the removal of the county records to Cimarron.

316. Monument of General Grant.-On the 17th of September was unveiled at Fort Leavenworth the first monument erected in memory of General Grant. The statue is by Laredo Taft. George R. Peck delivered on the occasion an impressive dedicatory address.

317. Kansas at the Paris Exposition. Kansas was represented at the Paris Exposition, and received a gold medal for the best agricultural report exhibited; a silver medal for the publications of the State Labor Department, and honorable mention for the exhibits of the Douglas and Conway Springs sugar manufactories.

318. John A. Martin.-On the 2d of October, 1889, John A. Martin, Tenth Governor of Kansas, died at Atchison. He came to Kansas from Pennsylvania, his native State, in 1857, his eighteenth year, and soon became editor and proprietor of the Atchison Champion, and was distinguished as a Kansas journalist, statesman and soldier from his early youth. He was Secretary of the Wyandotte Constitutional Convention, and a member of the first State Senate. He served in the Civil War as Colonel of the Eighth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, and commanded the First Brigade, Third Division, Fourth Army Corps, and the Third Brigade, First Division, Twentieth Army Corps. He was elected Governor in 1884, and again in 1886. He was buried with military and civic honors of the most imposing character in Mount Vernon cemetery, Atchison.

Among the many positions of honor and usefulness occupied by Governor Martin, was for years that of member

and Vice-President of the Board of Managers of the National Soldiers" Home. He was deeply interested in the Nation's provision for the care of its veteran soldiers and his counsel and effort was given to the establishment of the Western Branch, which was located near Leavenworth, and has grown to be one of the finest military asylums in the country or the world.

SUMMARY.

1. The opening of Oklahoma on the 22d of April, 1889, is participated in by a great crowd of Kansas people.

2. The county seat fight in Gray county excites attention.

3. A monument to General Grant is unveiled at Fort Leavenworth.

4. Kansas is recognized at the Paris Exposition.

5. John A. Martin, tenth Governor of Kansas, dies at Atchison.

CHAPTER XXX.

NEW POLITICAL FORCES.

319. Reunion of the First Supreme Court.-In 1890 began the fourth decade of the history of Kansas.

Early in the year 1890, the meeting of the Kansas State Bar Association was made the occasion of a reunion of the original Supreme Court of the State, composed of Thomas Ewing, Jr., as Chief Justice, and Samuel A. Kingman and Lawrence D. Bailey, Associate. Justices. All the surviving judges who had been members of the court were present, and recollections were revived of the first session of the tribunal, held in an upper room of the "Gale Block," in Topeka, in 1861. It was remembered that the court was opened with prayer by Rev. Mr. Steele, of Topeka, and also that there were no causes ready for hearing. A very impressive address was delivered by ex-Chief Justice Ewing.

320. Grippe.-In January, 1890, Kansas was visited for the first time by the disease since known as the grippe, though at first spoken of as influenza, and said to have been introduced from Russia. In Atchison, 1,000 cases were reported.

321. Honorable David J. Brewer, Associate Justice.-On January 6, 1890, Honorable David J. Brewer was sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Judge Brewer for years had occupied the District and Supreme Court bench of Kansas, and

his choice to the highest court of the nation was regarded as an honor paid the State.

322. Retirement of Colonel A. S. Johnson.-The land agents of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company held a social session in Topeka, and presented Colonel A. S. Johnson, the Land Commissioner of the company, with a silver service on the occasion of his retirement. It was regarded as the signal of the withdrawal of the company from the great land selling enterpris carried on for nearly twenty years, and which had disposed of an empire. system by which millions of acres passed from the hands of the Government, and of a corporation, into the possession and ownership of individuals, with scarcely a trace of friction, was a business miracle.

The

It was announced, in 1890, that Kansas Division, Union Pacific, was the only railroad company having any portion of its original grant for sale.

323. Reverend Nehemiah Green. The Reverend Nehemiah Green died at Manhattan, January 13, 1890. Governor Green was a native of Ohio, born March 8, 1837. He came to Douglas county, Kan., in 1855, but returned to Ohio, where he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and also the Union army. In 1865 he returned to Kansas, and in 1866 was elected LieutenantGovernor. He assumed the executive chair on the resignation of Governor Samuel J. Crawford, to take command of the Nineteenth Kansas Cavalry, and served to the end of the term.