were unable to register for want of time. The Kansas Building was visited by from 10,000 to 12,000 persons daily, at first, and during the last two months of the Fair, the attendance reached from 18,000 to 20,000 every day.

SUMMARY.

1. Governor Lewelling was inaugurated January 9, 1893.

2. Senate organized on January 10.

3. The Republicans organized the Douglas House, the Populists, the Dunsmore House.

4. Governor Lewelling recognized the Dunsmore House, the Douglas House protesting.

5. After days of excitement and separate meetings, both houses were united on February 28.

6. John Martin was elected United States Senator.

7. The Spooner library erected at Kansas University.

8. Colonel Samuel Walker died at Lawrence, February 6, 1893. 9. Kansas State Building at the World's Fair dedicated October 22d.

10. Kansas made fine exhibits in every department.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

PASSING OF THE PIONEERS.

395. Death of Two Early Governors.-In the year 1894 Kansas parted with two faithful friends, early guides and advisers who had both held the helm of the ship of State in the early and earliest part of the voyage. Governor Charles Robinson and Governor James M. Harvey.

396. James M. Harvey.—The end came first to Governor Harvey, who died at midnight on the 15th of April, 1894, near Junction City, Kan. He was born in Monroe county, Va., but removed with his father's family to Adams county, Ill., and thence to Kansas. He had been but two years in Kansas when the Civil War came, and he entered the service with Company "G," Tenth Kansas Volunteer Infantry, a regiment which furnished eventually a remarkable number of prominent men to the civil and official service of the State and nation. Captain Harvey displayed in the ranks of the Tenth the steady, patient valor which was native to him, and almost immediately on his return to his home in 1865, he was elected to the Kansas House of Representatives, and again in 1866. In 1867 and 1868 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1868 was elected Governor of Kansas and re-elected in 1870. In 1874 he was chosen to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate, occasioned by the resignation of Alexander Caldwell, and he remained in the Senate until March 4, 1877. With this

brilliant experience of official life he might have been encouraged to press on, but, instead, he retired absolutely to private life. He had early in life added to the calling of farmer that of land surveyor, and his later years were devoted to the hard and toilsome occupation of a Government surveyor in New Mexico and the West. Admonished by failing health of the necessity of living, if he would live, in a milder climate, he sought tide-water Virginia, and remained in the neighborhood of Norfolk for some years, but moved by that irresistible impulse which often comes to men at last, to seek their home, he returned to Kansas, and near the familiar acres he had redeemed from the wilderness, he closed his honorable and useful life.

397.

Charles Robinson.-The death of Charles Robinson, first Governor of Kansas, occurred on August 17, 1894. Governor Robinson was born in Hardwick, Mass., July 21, 1818. He came of that New England generation with whom life is a serious and strenuous business, and, above all, an exploration, if not of actual voyaging to distant and unknown foreign parts, then of independent excursions into all the bays and inlets of thought and conviction. He commenced life as a physician, taught in the learning of the old schools, but as a practitioner venturing into such paths as seemed to lead somewhere, to the grief of his regular brethren. But he was destined to travels and adventures. He went "overland" to California, crossing the to-be site of Lawrence, and soon took sides in a fight for "squatters' rights," which involved for him and his

Governor Charles Robinson.

friends some actual fighting, followed by imprisonment. He was accustomed to say, in later days, that he had been indicted in California for murder, assault with intent to kill, and conspiracy, and for treason in Kansas, but had not been tried on any of the charges. He was, after the period of combat was over, elected a member of the Legislature of California from the Sacramento District. He was a supporter of John C. Fremont, for United States Senator, and an upbuilder of the Free State of California. In 1851 he had an adventurous voyage to the States, involving shipwreck, and, as on the Missouri river years afterward, an encounter with the cholera among his fellow voyagers, which he met with skill and courage. On this voyage the steamer touched at Havana and he saw the tragic end of the Lopez filibusters. He got back to Massachusetts in safety and settled down to the practice of medicine, when, in 1854, he became interested in the Kansas question, which that year became a burning question.

Dr. Robinson, as he was then, and for a long time after, called, entered into the work of the New England Emigrant Aid Society, and he led the second party of emigrants-the first, it is said, who came to stay-to the Lawrence townsite. Thenceforward he was a part of everything that went on in Kansas Territory. He was a great believer in the power of reason, in the virtue of the New England practice of "talking it over," nevertheless, he "dwelt in the midst of alarms," his house was burned, his property destroyed, and he was himself arrested and held for months a prisoner on the charge of treason. He was an advocate early and late, of the Topeka Government, was chosen Governor under it, and stood by it until the safety of the Territory as a

future Free State was assured. Under the Wyandotte Constitution he became the first State Governor of free Kansas. In 1851 Dr. Robinson had married Miss Sara T. L. Lawrence, who accompanied him to Kansas, shared all the perils of the time and hour, and became their very clear and interesting historian.

On becoming Governor of Kansas, after so many perils past, he found himself the head of the State in the midst of a war for its life. He may be said to have armed and equipped the State, and sent it to battle.

After his service as Governor, the name of Charles Robinson continued as prominent as before in the State. He was always called on to fill trusts, execute commissions, assume responsibilities. He was sent to the Legislature when there was work to do. One of the trusts he executed with great kindness and fidelity, was the superintendency of the Haskell Institute, the Indian school at Lawrence, and there were many other labors.

He was the steadfast friend of the Kansas State University; he gave the original site; his gifts amounted, it was estimated, to $150,000; and he made the University his final heir after his wife, who survives him. The Legislature appropriated $1,000 to secure his marble bust for the University.

In his later years Governor Robinson resided on a fine farm three miles north of Lawrence, dwelling in the shade of noble trees which he planted with his own hands. Here he dispensed a grateful hospitality. He was buried at Oak