Kansas, far from the ocean, in the heart and centre of the continent, could hardly be expected to furnish men for the navy, and great enthusiasm was aroused by the discovery that a number of Kansas sailors participated in the battle of Manila. Their names were published with great pride throughout the length and breadth of the State.

SUMMARY.

1. The longest Legislative session held in Kansas was that of 1897; Wm. A. Harris was elected U. S. Senator.

2. Garden City illustrates successful irrigation; an underground river discovered in Central Kansas.

3. Large oil refinery built at Neodesha.

4. The reduction of indebtedness in seven years was $100,000,000. 5. Many old citizens died in the year 1897.

6. The first chapter of the Sons of the Revolution organized in February.

7. Kansas made good display in all departments at the Omaha Exposition.

8. Fire at University destroyed valuable property.

9. W. E. Stanley elected Governor.

10. Ex-Governor Osborn died in Meadville, Pa.

CHAPTER XXXVII.

KANSAS IN THE WAR.

441. Colonel Fred. Funston and Cuba.-Kansas people sympathized from the first with the Cubans in their struggle against the tyranny of Spain, and their knowledge of the situation was increased by the arrival from Cuba, in January, 1898, of Colonel Fred. Funston, a “Kansas boy,” a former student of the State University, with home and friends in Kansas, after a service of two years in the insurgent army in Cuba, and who spoke in many places on the incidents and the lesson of the Cuban war for freedom. The people of Kansas were deeply moved by the sufferings of the hapless Cuban non-combatants; the starving to death of 150,000 people, and the evident determination of the Spanish to exterminate the Cuban race.

442. Destruction of the Maine. The treacherous destruction of the Maine, in the harbor of Havana, stirred the indignation of the citizens of Kansas, as it did of all loyal Americans. They waited, however, the result of the investigation, and in the meantime were generous participators in the effort to relieve the starving Cubans, especially at Matanzas.

443. Events of Moment. The succession of events was watched with the most intense interest; the passage of the emergency bill appropriating $50,000,000 for the defence of the United States; the message of President

McKinley with the Maine report; the President's message recommending the intervention of the United States; the passage by Congress of the intervention resolutions; the submission of the President's ultimatum to Spain; the beginning of the war by the act of Spain in breaking off diplomatic relations with us. Kansas, in every step for the protection of the honor of the United States, stood by the Government.

444. Volunteers.-The President's call for 125,000 men was issued on the 23d of April. But Kansas did not wait for the call. On the 18th of April a company of eighty men marched to the office of Governor Leedy, followed by a great crowd, and offered their services for the war, which the Governor promised to accept on the first call. On the 18th of April a tender was made Secretary of War Alger by General Charles McCrum, of the Kansas National Guards, for any needed service at any time.

The quota of Kansas when the call came was announced as 2,230 men. Governor Leedy summoned to his aid Colonel Fred. Funston, probably the only man in Kansas who had seen military service in Cuba, and the work of recruiting three regiments of volunteer infantry began at once.

445. Action of Kansas University and the State Normal. The desire to enlist ran high among the young men of Kansas, and was manifested in the higher educational institutions. The council of the State University felt impelled to issue a circular, advising students to weigh the question well in their hearts and consciences before enlisting, but if they heard the voice of honor and country call, to receive the blessing of their alma mater and the admonition, "Go, and God bless you." Members of the senior class enlisting were granted their diplomas without waiting for graduation.

The State Normal School extended the same courtesy to its soldier-students.

446. At Camp Leedy. It was soon announced that in Kansas the policy adopted in some of the States, of enlisting the National Guard organizations into the volunteer service, would not be followed, but that the regiments would be raised without regard to existing militia organizations. The first Kansas company recruited at Kansas City, Kan., was largely made up of men from Company B of the First Regiment, Kansas National Guard. This company

was enrolled on the 29th of April, and left for Topeka on the 30th, and would have been the first in "Camp Leedy," as the State Camp laid out at the Fair Grounds at Topeka was called, had not the Topeka company marched out to camp in the morning, before the Kansas City soldiers arrived. The Topeka and Kansas City companies, however, "opened" Camp Leedy. There was a vigorous effort made to have Fort Leavenworth, where many of the Kansas regiments were mustered in the Civil War, adopted as the State rendezvous, but "Camp Leedy" continued during the war to be the spot where the Kansas soldier entered his country's service, while Fort Leavenworth was his place of exit from it.

Recruiting offices were established at various points in the State, but the recruiting officers had an easy task. To raise a company was, at most, a matter of a few days. At Emporia the quota was filled in four hours.

447. Major Joseph K. Hudson, a Brigadier-General. -Governor Leedy, by the 5th of May, was able to inform the War Department that two regiments were ready at Camp Leedy.

On the 27th of May, Major Joseph K. Hudson, who had won his title in the old Tenth Kansas and the Sixty-Second United States Volunteers, was nominated as a BrigadierGeneral from Kansas.

448. The Twentieth.-It was decided that in numbering the regiments, allowance would be

made for the seventeen regiments Kansas raised in the Civil War, and the two recruited afterwards to fight the Indians, and accordingly the first Kansas regiment enrolled in the war against Spain should be numbered the Twentieth, which number came to be heard of on both sides of the world. The Twentieth Kansas Volunteers was made up of the twelve companies recruited at Topeka, Kansas City, Kan.; Leavenworth, Fort Scott, Independence, Ottawa, Osawatomie, Abilene, Salina, Lawrence, Leroy, and Pittsburg, and was mustered into the service of the United States on the 13th of May, 1898, with the following regimental officers: Colonel, Frederick Funston; Lieutenant-Colonel, Edward C. Little; Senior-Major, Frank H. Whitman; Junior-Major, Wilder S. Metcalf; Adjutant, William A. Deford; Quartermaster, Lafayette C. Smith; Surgeon, John A. Rafter; AssistantSurgeon, Charles S. Huffman; Assistant-Surgeon, Henry D. Smith; Chaplain, John G. Schliermann.

449. The Twenty-First.-The companies from Kingman, Wichita, Eldorado, Winfield, Great Bend, Larned, Osage City, Hays City, Norton, Smith Centre, and Wellington, contributed to form the Twenty-First Regiment, and were mustered on the 14th of May, with