Bases Abroad: The Global Foreign Military PresenceIn this book Robert E. Harkavy analyses the modern status and the associated diplomacy of basing access, against the background of past political, military, and technological relationships. He provides a comprehensive description of the major powers' global basing networks, including theirtypes, their locations, and the politics and economics of their acquisition. Professor Harkavy also gives details of the facilities the bases make available - naval, air, ground, missile, intelligence, communications, research and testing, environmental monitoring, and space-related - and provides awealth of tables and maps depicting US and Soviet global networks.He analyses the roles of these bases for the USA, the USSR and other major powers, and discusses emerging political and technological developments which may alter basing diplomacy: the diffusion of power away from the superpowers, the increasing leverage of the smaller countries that host bases,the strengthened role of satellites in comparison with facilities on land and the possible impact of space defences on basing requirements. The crucial link between arms transfers and the politics of basing is emphasized, and the final section is devoted to the politics and economics of foreignmilitary presence. |
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Contents
Introduction | 1 |
The historical context | 2 |
Definitions | 7 |
Emerging macropolitical trends and bases | 8 |
The scope and boundaries of the subject | 15 |
A typology of FMP | 17 |
The politics and economics of FMP | 20 |
Summary | 22 |
The NATO ACE HIGH and TARE networks | 171 |
Voice of America facilities throughout the world | 175 |
US global facilities for CI | 176 |
Landbased SIGINT facilities | 181 |
Locations of DEW Line and CADIN Pinetree Line radar sites | 191 |
The US Sound Surveillance System | 195 |
Foreignbased AFTAC seismometers and seismic arrays | 198 |
Soviet technical facilities abroad | 199 |
Naval facilities | 26 |
Forms and functions of naval FMP | 30 |
Preferred locales of naval facilities | 34 |
The superpowers global naval deployments and FMP | 41 |
Presence | 59 |
Coercive diplomacy | 63 |
Summary | 65 |
Air force facilities | 73 |
A typology of air FMP | 75 |
US air bases abroad | 80 |
Soviet aircraft bases | 88 |
Other nations use of foreign air bases | 93 |
Aircraft overflights | 95 |
b Trends in US and Soviet access to airfields or airspace in 1987 | 99 |
Summary | 100 |
Notes and references | 101 |
Groundforce FMP | 109 |
Largescale alliancerelated groundforce deployments | 110 |
US and other NATO foreignbased ground forces | 111 |
Soviet foreignbased ground forces | 114 |
Secondtier powers foreignbased ground forces | 116 |
Invasion forces surrogates advisers defence planning manoeuvres training and so on | 118 |
Multilateral peacekeeping forces | 128 |
Missiles | 133 |
Surfacetosurface missiles | 136 |
PreINF Treaty missile deployments in Europe | 138 |
FROG and SS21 battalions in Eastern Europe and Mongolia | 141 |
Surfacetoair missiles | 142 |
The future | 144 |
Notes and references | 145 |
intelligence space and communications | 149 |
A historical note | 154 |
a breakdown | 156 |
US technical facilities abroad | 158 |
Location of known Loran CD transmitters and monitoring | 161 |
Some major communications systems and subsystems | 167 |
The AUTOSEVOCOM network in FR Germany | 169 |
Soviet intelligencecollection ships | 210 |
British French and other nations technical facilities abroad | 212 |
Other nations CI and space facilities | 215 |
Conclusions | 216 |
Notes and references | 218 |
Research and environmental facilities | 231 |
Research | 232 |
US research and environmental facilities | 233 |
Environmental facilities | 242 |
Miscellany | 244 |
Notes and references | 245 |
deterrence and defence | 249 |
Historical background | 250 |
Extant nuclear forces | 255 |
US Pershing II and West German Pershing la facilities in | 259 |
US foreignbased atomic demolition mines 1985 | 267 |
the geopolitics of nuclear basing | 276 |
onboard nuclear weapons and nuclear propulsion systems | 281 |
Foreign liberty ports used by the US submarine force in 1986 | 282 |
advantage and vulnerability in peacetime and wartime | 285 |
power projection | 291 |
Central European military balance 1980 | 294 |
NATO and the WTO 1987 | 295 |
Tank imbalance in Central Europe | 297 |
Soviet and US military transport aircraft | 303 |
Notes and references | 316 |
Arms acquisition patterns based on SIPRI data 197685 | 328 |
Arms acquisition patterns based on ACDA data 1987 | 335 |
Summary of the arms transferFMP nexus for the USSR | 342 |
US Security Assistance Programs for FY 1988 | 349 |
Sovietbloc security assistance to Cuba and Nicaragua 1982 | 361 |
Main and secondary surfaceship operating bases of the Soviet | 369 |
373 | |
377 | |
379 | |
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Common terms and phrases
According activities additional aircraft allies apparently areas Arkin and Fieldhouse arms artillery unit assistance bases Bermuda bombers British Central chapter combat command communications connection conventional countries course Cuba Defense deployed deployments discussed earlier East Europe facilities Fieldhouse note fleet forces foreign forward France functions Germany global Greece ground host IISS note important instance intelligence International Herald Tribune involving Island Italy Japan Korea land located Mainly major military missiles monitoring naval Navy note 28 nuclear Ocean operations overseas Pacific Panama particularly perhaps Philippines points political port possible presence radars range recent Regarding reported requirements Richelson role satellites ships SIGINT SIPRI data South South Korea Soviet Soviet Union space Spain stations storage strategic submarines testing Third World tracking Turkey unit USSR utilized various Washington weapons West Western York