court in Europe, in the midst of the most elaborately artificial society ever known to civilization, in plain coat, white hose, spectacles on nose, and wearing a soft white hat. And that court and society were at once charmed and subdued by his majestic and simple presence.

It is impossible to read the accounts of his transactions in Europe without realizing his patience, his method, his foresight, his knowledge of all kinds of human nature, his finesse, his righteous dissimulation, his impregnability to be overreached by anybody, his capacity to get the better of everybody who attempted to outwit him, his firmness, his integrity, his proud humility. All these are manifest throughout his entire career in Europe, and they are particularly plain in the negotiations of the treaty by which Great Britain recognized our independence.

He formed the model upon which American diplomacy has ever since generally been shaped,-plain dealing, plain speaking, simple dignity, adequate, but not superfluous, ceremonial and unswerving fidelity to the interests of his country alone.-Cushman K. Davis.

Columbia, Columbia, to glory arise,

The queen of the world, and child of the skies!
Thy genius commands thee; with rapture behold,
While ages on ages thy splendors unfold,
Thy reign is the last, and the noblest of time,
Most fruitful thy soil, most inviting thy clime;
Let the crimes of the east ne'er crimson thy name,
Be freedom, and science, and virtue, thy fame.

To conquest, and slaughter, let Europe aspire;
Whelm nations in blood, and wrap cities in fire:
Thy heroes the rights of mankind shall defend,
And triumph pursue them, and glory attend.
A world is thy realm; for a world be thy laws,
Enlarg'd as thine empire, and just as thy cause;
On Freedom's broad basis, that empire shall rise,
Extend with the main, and dissolve with the skies.
-Timothy Dwight.

This (Monroe) doctrine, so profound of import, was not, we apprehend, the sudden creation of individual thought, but the result rather of slow processes in our public mind, which had been constantly intent upon problems of self-government, and intensely observant of our continental surroundings; though carried forward, no doubt, like other ideas in the colonial epoch, by the energy and clearer conviction of statesmen who could foresee and link conceptions into a logical chain. Neutrality as to European affairs, freedom from all entangling alliances with the Old World,

was the legacy of experience which Washington bequeathed to his successors. This might have seemed at first to discourage all external influence, and remit our union to the selfish and isolated pursuit of its own interests. But the annexation of Louisiana proved that the union itself was destined to expand over an uncertain area of this continent. And, when, inspired by our example, the Spanish colonies of the American continent were seen one after another to shake off the yoke of the parent country, and spontaneously assert their independence, the philanthropic leaders-and none among them so quickly or so persistently as Jefferson-began to predict the fraternal cooperation in the future of these free republics, all modelled alike, in a common scheme for self-preservation which should shut out Europe, its rulers and its systems of monarchy forever from this hemisphere; for by such means only could the germ of self-government expand, and the luxuriant growth of this hardy plant make it impossible that the monarchical idea should ever strike a deep root in American soil. ***When liberty struggled in America we were not-we could not be-neutral. The time of announcement and the choice of expression, nevertheless, awaited events. *** It was the courage of a great people personified in a firm chief magistrate that put the fire into those few momentous though moderate sentences, and made them glow like the writing at Belshazzar's feast. * * *. James Schouler, 1885.

The years that are before us are a virgin page. We can inscribe them as we will. The future of our country rests upon us. The happiness of posterity depends on us. The fate of humanity may be in our hands. That pleading voice, choked with the sobs of ages, which has so often spoken to deaf ears, is lifted up to us. It asks us to be brave, benevolent, consistent, true to the teachings of our history, proving "Divine descent by worth divine." It asks us to be virtuous, building up public virtue upon private worth; seeking that righteousness that exalteth nations. It asks us to be patriotic, loving our country before all other things, making her happiness our happiness, her honors ours, her fame our own. It asks us in the name of charity, in the name of freedom, in the name of God!-Henry Armitt Brown.

The Monroe Doctrine is a simple and plain statement that the people of the United States oppose the creation of European dominion on American soil; that they oppose the transfer of the political sovereignty of American soil to European powers; and that any attempt to do these things will be regarded as "dangerous to our peace and safety." What the remedy should be for such interposition by European powers the doctrine does not pretend to state. But this much is certain; that when the people of

the United States consider anything "dangerous to their peace and safety" they will do as other nations do, and, if necessary, defend their peace and safety with force of arms.

The doctrine does not contemplate forcible intervention by the United States in any legitimate contest, but it will not permit any such contest to result in the increase of European power or influence on this continent nor in the overthrow of an existing government, nor in the establishment of a protectorate over them, nor in the exercise of any direct control over their policy or institutions. Further than this the doctrine does not go.-John Bach McMaster, 1897.

Ye sons of Columbia, who bravely have fought

For those rights, which unstained from your sires have de

scended,

May you long taste the blessings your valor has bought,
And your sons tread the soil which their fathers defended.
'Mid the reign of mild peace,

May your nation increase,

With the glory of Rome, and the wisdom of Greece;
And ne'er shall the sons of Columbia be slaves,

While the earth bears a plant, or the sea rolls its waves.

Our mountains are crowned with imperial oak,

Whose roots, like our liberties, ages have nourished,
But long ere our nation submits to the yoke,

Not a tree shall be left on the field where it flourished.
Should invasion impend,

Every grove would descend

From the hill-tops they shaded, our shores to defend.

Let our patriots destroy Anarch's pestilent worm,

Lest our liberty's growth should be checked by corrosion; Then let clouds thicken round us; we heed not the storm; Our realm fears no shock, but the earth's own explosion; Foes assail us in vain,

Though their fleets bridge the main,

For our altars and laws, with our lives, we'll maintain.

-Robert Treat Paine, Jr.

Fellow Citizens: Clouds and darkness are 'round about Him. His pavilion is dark waters and thick clouds of the sky. Justice and judgment are the establishment of His throne. Mercy and truth shall go before His face. Fellow Citizens: God reigns, and the government at Washington still lives.-James A. Garfield.

THE

NATIONAL REPUBLICAN

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Following is the prospectus and platform of The National Republican issued upon the removal of the publication to the national capital in January, 1918. It will be noted that the policy laid down for the publication at that time has been followed unswervingly in the editorial utterances of the succeeding three years as quoted in the pages of this volume.

A national, weekly, condensed review of public affairs, published from the center of national events.

A mouthpiece of traditional, constructive principles and policies which have secured to this republic economic independence, material wealth and moral greatness.

A foe of that revolutionary, unreasoning radicalism, which would abandon the landmarks of representative government, and risk in academic experiment the perpetuity of the great constitutional system under which this nation has enjoyed a century and a third of orderly, progressive government, safeguarding those rights of person and property for the preservation of which, as essential to human happiness, governments are instituted among men. It stands for the perfecting, rather than the destruction, of that system.

An enemy of socialism, anarchism and bolshevism, whether open or covert, in public or private life.

An advocate of industrial peace, through justice to all elements of American citizenship, and the overthrow of demagogism, with its appeals to class prejudice and hatred; to envy and cupidity, to laziness and disloyalty, to indifference and inefficiency.

A preacher of the duties as well as the rights of American citizenship; its obligations, as well as its opportunities.

An antidote for that vast volume of socialistic and anarchistic agitation which is flooding the country, polluting public sentiment, undermining the faith of the people in the historic fundamentals of Americanism, destroying the industrial and political efficiency of the American people, and tending to establish in this country, in place of just and judicious government, that irresponsible usurpation of power by classconscious groups which has hurled Russia from the extreme of autocracy to that of anarchy and wiped it from the map of the world as a power.

A champion of a stalwart, unwavering Americanism, which at all times and everywhere throughout the world stands for the protection of lives and rights of American citizens, on sea or land, on this and other continents; which is for America first, last and all the time, and would sacrifice no just interest of the American people in behalf of any visionary scheme of internationalism; which will devote itself in domestic legislation and administration, and in its diplomacy, to the welfare of America and Americans, backing its words with deeds, and commanding respect for itself in both hemispheres by deserving, firmly demanding and promptly enforcing that respect where it is not voluntarily yielded.

A propagandist of preparedness for war in time of peace, and for peace in time of war; for the protection of the American people against the invasion of arms and the invasion of foreign competitors armed with the weapon of a cheapness attained through the sacrifice of human values.

A foe of sectionalism, of political division based upon class or occupational self-interest, of corruption and intimidation, of the use of great government agencies having the power of life and death over industry, for personal and partisan purposes.

An advocate of the doing, by parties, party leaders and individuals, in all matters affecting the public interest, of that which is morally and intellectually safe and right, rather than the merely expedient thing. A believer in the Republican party as the natural conservator and administrator of the fundamental traditions and doctrines of historic Americanism, laboring, as the organ of no feud, faction or individual, for the upbuilding of that party, from without and within, as an essential instrumentality for the preservation and progress of the republic in whose history it has written so many splendid pages, and, if true to its traditions, will write many more.