(a) “Having walked to Rome, I bought a horse ;

or

(6) “ Balbus, having promised to come, built a wall ; which will be rendered

(a) Quum ambulavissem Romam, emi equum. (6) Balbus, quum promisisset se esse venturum, ædifi

cavit murum.

Quum with the Subj. will also be necessary, when the Lat. Verb used has no Supine. E.g., (c) “Having feared the dragon's voice, I ran to my camp."

Quum timuissem vocem draconis cucurri ad castra

mea.

This construction also is to be ferred, when the Past Part. Pass. is very rare, e.g. in the case of tenēre, to hold.

EXAMPLES :

(a) “My sister and I, being frightened at the dragons' voices,

were hoping that we should not be seen. I and my sister having been frightened by the voices of the

dragons, we were hoping ourselves not to be about to be

seen.

Ego et soror mea, territi vocibus draconuin, spera

bamus nos non visum iri.

(6) “Having heard the lions I ran to Caius's house."

The lions having been heard, I ran, &c.
Leonibus auditis cucurri ad domum Caii.

(c) “My soldiers, having conquered Cæsar's cavalry, were

returning.”
Milites mei, equitatu Cæsaris victo, redibant.

(d) “ I have heard that Portia, having advised you not to come,

promised to give your sister a horse." I have heard, Portia, when she had advised you lest you

might come, to have promised herself to be about to give

a horse to your sister. Audivi Portiam, quum monuisset te ne venires,

promisisse se esse daturam equu msorori tuæ.

E

INSTRUCTION FOR EXERCISES No. 22.

129. The Latin for “this” is Hic, which is thus declined :Sing.

Plu.
M. F. N. M. F. N.
Nom. Hic,

Hæc, Hoc. Hi, Hæ, Hæc.
Acc. Hunc, Hanc, Hoc. Hos, Has, Hæc.
Gen. Hujus, Hujus, Hujus. Horum, Harum, Horum.
Dat. Huic, Huic, Huic. His, His, His.
Abl. Hoc, Hac, Hoc. His, His, His.

130. The Latin for the Pronoun “ that” is Ille, which is thus declined :Sing.

Plu.
M. F.

N.
M.

F. N.
Nom. Ille, Illa, Illud. Illi,

Illæ,

Illa. Acc. Illum, Illam, Illud. Illos, Illas,

Illa. Gen. Illius, Illīus, Illius. Illorum, Illarum, Illorum. Dat. Illi, Illi. Illis, Illis,

Illis. Abl. Illo, Illâ, Illo. Illis, Illis, Illis.

131. These are called Demonstrative Pronouns, and they agree with the Noun (expressed or understood) to which they refer, in Number, Gender, and Case. Thus (a) “ This girl built those walls."

Hæc puella ædificavit illos muros.
(6) “ These boys' sister gave that judge a rose.”

The sister of these boys gave a rose to that judge.
Soror horum puerorum dedit rosam illi judici,

Illi,

132. These Demonstrative Pronouns when used to refer to some Noun just mentioned are often equivalent to the Personal Pronouns he," "she," "it," &c.

E.g.,

means

or

Balbus est bonus. Laudavi illum “Balbus is good. I praised him.” Here illum agrees with Balbum understood :-" I praised that Balbus."

133. The Latin for the Relative Pronoun - Who"
" Which is Qui. It is declined thus :
Sing.

Plu.
M. F. N. M. F. N.
Nom. Qui, Quæ, Quod. Qui, Quæ, Quæ.
Acc. Quem, Quam, Quod. Quos, Quas,

Quæ. Gen. Cujus, Cujus, Cujus. Quorum, Quarum, Quorum. Dat. Cui, Cui, Cui. Quibus, Quibus, Quibus. Abl. Quo, Quā, Quo. Quibus, Quibus, Quibus, This Pronoun must agree in Gender and Number with the Noun or Pronoun to which it refers, but its Case depends upon the clause in which it occurs. E.g., (a) “The girl, whom you saw, is

my sister." Puella, quam vidisti, est soror mea. Here the Acc. quam is used because vidisti go rns it, just as it would govern illam in “

you saw her.” (6) “ The boys, whose voices you heard, are good.”

The boys, of whom you heard the voices, are good.

Pueri, quorum audivisti voces, sunt boni. (c) “ Have you seen the letters which were written by

Portia ?”

Vidistine epistolas, quæ scriptæ sunt à Portiā? Here quce is Nom. to the Verb scriptæ sunt,

134. The Relative is often omitted in English, but it must always be expressed in Latin. Thus

(d) “ The wall we saw is small,” must be declared into

The wall which we saw is small.”

Murus, quem vidimus, est parvus. The Masc. quem is used here (though the English word “wall” is Neuter), because murus is Masc. EXAMPLES :(a) “That girl, having avoided this dragon, ran to this camp”

That girl, this dragon having been avoided, ran, dc.
Illa puella, hoc dracone vitato, cucurrit ad hæc

castra. (6) “ The father of this girl and of those boys has given this

queen those dragons.” Pater hujus puellæ et illorum puerorum dedit illos

dracones huic reginæ. (c) “The boy whose father saw us is the brother of the girls to

whom you gave this book and those roses. Puer, cujus pater vidit nos, est frater puellarum,

quibus dedisti hunc librum et illas rosas. (d) “The girl you saw is the sister of those women who saw

this body.” Puella, quam vidisti, est soror illarum mulierum,

quæ viderunt hoc corpus.