of this I was recently afforded striking evidence when, while attending the Pan-American in Buffalo, I was one day attracted to the residence of the gentleman in whose home our then dying President was laid, and in the near vicinity of which a group of newspaper men, at that moment being photographed, lounged and posed-a group of beardless youths, whose singularly unwholesome looks and anything but polished manners impressed me as being exceedingly typical of the degeneracy of the modern newspaper! For these cadaverous youths were, many of them, drawing good, large salaries; and their observations and reflections upon so momentous a situation as that they were deputed to report and dilate upon, were not only supposed by those who employed them. to be quite adequate and sufficiently authentic, but were greedily anticipated by an omniverous newspaperbuying and credulous public! . . .

There is still another profession to which I must allude, in order the more amply to illustrate how widespread is this objurgated evil, and the more effectually to drive home the application of the gist of my contention and argument. I refer to the clerical profession to those among the clergy of the land who are unduly given to sensational resorts and practices-whose moral turpitude, and whose utterly irreverent habits and methods adopted for the attraction of crowds and for their own and their churches' material aggrandizement and temporal advantage, are commensurate only with the arrogance and hypocrisy of their claims and pretensions. It is the cus

tom of apologists for misdemeanants of this class to contend that the clergy are not supposed to be regarded as "better than their times," that the Church becomes purified only in proportion as the laity, or as the "tone of public opinion," or the order of existent civilization, improve and become sensibly exalted; that the clergy are "only human," like the rest of us, and that it is quite “unreasonable" to assume otherwise! Now here is but another instance of the inverted order of mind, and of the subversion of ethical principles which commonly prevail throughout the length and breadth of the land. For what is the sense, or where the raison d'être, of an appointed order of clergy if, forsooth, they are not supposed to be better than the commonalty, or laity? As well might we contend that it matters literally nothing whether a horse be put before or behind a cart-provided he and it become attached somehow and somewhere. A thousand maledictions on such subterfuge and nonsense! The clergy should be better than their fellows, or, at least, more consistent, and their lives more exemplary.

Now, while in the Church to-day, or in the churches of our various denominations, there are many priests and clergymen who are men of great eminence and learning, and men whose lives and examples, sincere faith, notable virtues, and eloquent sermons are most salutary and inspiring-the lives and examples of the generality are anything but this-are, in fact, most offensive and pretentious and peculiarly denotive of sensuality and imposture. Were the clergy truer to

their high vocation, and more consistent exponents of the doctrines and precepts they profess to preach and to inculcate, a strong check would be brought to bear on prevailing social and educational abuses. As it is, however, the Church, or its priests and clergy, too commonly aggravate and intensify existent evils. Sensational sermons, pretentious "classical" dissertations and exhibitions, insatiate desires and jealousies, unworthy ambitions to excel, in a purely wordly sense, and to live lives of ease, are the most common and most pronounced characteristics and manifestations of the moral status of the modern preacher.

But, to conclude: we have seen how the whole tone of society and the order of our civilization have become contaminated and perverted by the false methods and inconsistent lives and practices of those very classes, professions, and educational influences, which should, by rights, guide and safeguard public opinion and the interests of the community. We have seen, or have attempted to discover, the root of the common evil and the genesis of Anarchy, and how conditional upon rightful methods and upon adherence to fundamental principles are the peace and well-being of the commonwealth. Either we must mend our ways and insist upon drastic reforms of our educational system, and effectual readjustments and regulations of immigration and of the body politic, or else we must stand prepared to endure far greater evils. Our present civilization is one of fever-heat and superficiality only-aggravated to an

intolerable degree by commercial and industrial irregulation and abuses. Not, therefore, until we inaugurate a new order of things, and readjust our lives and conduct accordingly, or not until we resolutely shake off those shackles of our own imposition (which at present oppress us), and lead simpler lives, can we reasonably anticipate a higher and a better order of civilization. At the present moment we do but court national disasters, and involve the evil shades of Lynch Law and of the Assassin.

This particular crime of Czolgosz's does indeed furnish a shocking illustration of the dangers to which Society must be constantly liable so long as it permits of those educational abuses and defects and social and industrial disorders and inequalities which at present so generally prevail. Nor need it be so surprising, after all, that such crimes as these should be committed in a country where "the people " elect their own rulers, where whatever abuses and invasions and inversions of industrial rights do actually prevail, are self-inflicted, for the most partsince Anarchy, properly defined, has its roots in the restlessness and disorder of disaffected (because abnormal) minds, exasperated and inflamed by their dark and seemingly desperate environments and conditions. and relations to Society. In a militant State or under a monarchical or despotic form of government, the material conditions of the anarchist may indeed be more desperate; but the promptings are less goading (because less general), while the restraints are more potent and immediately effica

THE

HE number of lives sacrificed and the fortunes lost in the scramble for sudden wealth, and the amount of misery for which the promoters of the Coeur d'Alene mining excitement in 1883-4 were responsible, will be an unknown quantity until the day of doom. If there is any punishment in the hereafter, if men's souls are to suffer in proportion to the suffering they caused on earth, then the Western railway officials who handled the passenger and immigration departments of their respective roads in those days will have a load of sin to answer.for.

Although the Coeur d'Alene district is now a well known lead, silver, and gold producing country, yet it is also well known as a district where only the rich man can afford to prospect. During the excitement nothing was said about the quartz deposits, the galena, and base low-grade sulphide ores which now form the chief product of the country, but the country was represented to be literally alive with. coarse free gold in easily worked shallow placer deposits. Of a truth, there were two or three paying placer claims, but where is there a district in the Rocky Mountains country which cannot boast of a few paying placer mines?

Salting claims was carried on whole

sale all over the district. A few men would locate on some creek, do a little ground sluicing at intervals along its banks, open up a dozen or so claims so as to show up a few feet of a "breast" of gravel, and then some fine night they would go out armed with shotguns, loaded with a charge. of real gold dust from some other camp, and salt the claims by firing the shotguns at the exposed places in the claims. Then a new discovery would be announced. The railway officials, who were thoroughly cognizant of the swindles would boom the new locality. It is estimated that not less than 148,000 unfortunates, with no more money than was necessary to pay for their passage, were inveigled into leaving their homes in the New England States to immigrate to the Cœur d'Alene paradise, where fortunes could be picked up in a month by the veriest greenhorn.

The writer of this sketch was posted as to the swindle, and while employed on a western daily paper wrote an article warning the public of what was going on. The article raised an uproar. The paper was abused and vilified by all its subsidized contemporaries. Nothing was bad enough for the editor who would try to retard progress and immigration by such falsehoods, and so forth, and so forth.

The editor's annual passes were called in, and he suffered financially in several ways, not to mention the fact that his life was threatened three times.

Wherever possible, embryo townsites were laid out, and the lots sold, as a rule, for fabulous prices. All goods and merchandise were brought into the district over the roughest kind of trails from the nearest railroad points on the Northern Pacific railway. The average distance of the different camps in the Coeur d'Alene district from the railroad was about a hundred and forty-five miles. In the winter of 1883, when the excitement was at its height, dogs and toboggans and hand-sleds were used for freight ing purposes, and about the only men who made any money out of the excitement, besides the railroads and real estate boomers, were the lucky owners of a team of dogs which could pull. Many a man following the ignis fatuus which had been kindled by the railroad companies, was frozen to death on the mountain trails between the shipping point and the diggings.

Several of the fair sex contracted the prospecting fever and took their chances in the first mad rush. Most of these belonged to the shady side of society and generally found a protector in one or another of the sports and sure-thing gamblers who were living on the fat of the land in the log cabin towns and cities," as the aggregations of huts and tents were called. Some of these fair ones, however, were real ladies. One, in particular, was a western school teacher who had saved up a few hundred dollars and made the trip and endured all the concomi

tant hardships for the sake of a chance to make a fortune. She found herself rather heavily handicapped in the race for wealth. Knowing nothing about placer mining, and shrinking naturally from the rougher element which had control in all the towns, she appealed for assistance to the only person of her class whom she had the good fortune, or otherwise, to meet. This person was a kind of a meandering missionary. He belonged to any, or all, of the evangelical denominations, and was called Dr. Shipman. Whether he was really a doctor of divinity, or whether the title was merely assumed, no one knew. He was a tall, lank, cadaverous-looking individual, his features bearing a very strong resemblance to those of United States Senator Teller of Colorado. He put one in mind of a typical New England horse-trading deacon, and showed by his dealings that he might have been educated in such a school. He was always working up some trading deal or other, and his knowledge of men and things was very varied. He managed to pick up a good living on the frontier, but he gave away most of the money he made to people who did not deserve his charity. Like the Mormons, he believed it better to err on the right side for fear he might refuse alms to some deserving object.

This preacher and the lady school teacher were both stopping at the same hostelry. The Cedar Hotel at Eagle City was the best house of its kind in the town. It was a log cabin affair, worth at the most $600, but all prices were high and such a premium was there upon labor in the diggings, that