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ARTICLE XIV.1

SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. SECT. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being 21 years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 21 years of age in such State.2

SECT. 3. No person shall be a senator or representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitu

1 The fourteenth amendment was proposed to the States on 16 June 1866 and was declared adopted on 21 July 1868.

2 After the 15th decennial census, the Act of 8 August 1911 apportioned the representatives to the 48 States as follows:

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There are 435 members in all or approximately 1 member to 210,669 people. Besides, the territories of Alaska and Hawaii have each 1 nonvoting delegate, the Philippine Íslands have 2 resident commissioners, and Porto Rico has 1 resident commissioner.

tion of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two thirds of each house, remove such disability.1

SECT. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

SECT. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.2

SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

SECT. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

ARTICLE XVI.3

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

ARTICLE XVII.1

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of 2 senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for 6 years; and each senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

1 This section is practically obsolete through successive legislative measures from 1872 to the Act of 6 June 1898.

2 The fifteenth amendment was proposed to the States on 27 February 1869 and was declared adopted on 30 March 1870.

The sixteenth amendment was proposed to the States on 26 July 1909 and was declared adopted on 25 February 1913.

The seventeenth amendment was proposed to the States on 17 May 1912 and was declared adopted on 31 May 1913.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

ARTICLE XVIII.1

SECTION 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

SECT. 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

SECT. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within 7 years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.2

1 The eighteenth amendment was proposed to the States on 3 December 1917 and was declared adopted on 29 January 1919.

2 A nineteenth amendment, proposed to the States on 4 June 1919, but at the moment of going to press not yet ratified by the legislatures of three fourths of the States, reads as follows:

SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

SECT. 2. Congress shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions of this article.

INDEX.

[The reference is made to page and (in parentheses) to the article or articles of the
particular constitutional document appearing on that page. In a few instances, where
one article covers two or more pages, the reference in parentheses is to the section of
the article instead of to the article. Continued reference is indicated by a short dash,
e. g., 207 (45)-208 (62) or 207 (45-47). The letter n and a figure placed in italics
after the page number indicates that the reference is to the corresponding footnote on
that page.
Although the indexes under the individual countries are fairly complete, the
references under general subject-headings are in many instances merely selective.]

Abdul Hamid II, 481.

Aborigines: Liberia, 373(14); Nicaragua,

448 (38).

Academic degrees, see Degrees.

Acquaviva (Parish, San Marino), 550 (9).
Adolphus, Grand Duke (Luxemburg), 391,
396 n1.

Adrianople, Treaty of, 553.
Africans, 153(6).

Agriculture: Brazil, 69 (35); Bulgaria, 104
(161); Costa Rica, 130(12); Egypt,
183 (36), 186(42); Haiti, 296 (5); Hun-
gary, 29 (14); Japan, 356 n1; Nica-
ragua, 442(6).

Ahmed, Mirza, 482.

Ain, Department of (France), 210(2).
Aisne, Department of (France), 210(2).
Akkerman Convention of 7 October 1826

(Serbia), 553.

Alabama (U. S. A.), 621 n2.

Alagoas (Brazil), 66 ns.

Alajuela, (Costa Rica), 143 (116).

Alaska (U. S. A.), 621 n2.

Albania, 1.

Albert, King (Belgium), 53 n1.

Albert, Charles (Italy), 337.

Alexandria (Egypt), 177(3).

Alexinatz (Serbia), 564 (81).

Algeria, 200 (11), 202 (20), n2, 208 nz,
210(2).

Alienation of territory: Bulgaria, 101

(142); Costa Rica, 130(6); Nicara-
gua, 442(14); Serbia, 554(4); see also
Territory.

Allier, Department of (France), 210 (2).
Alpes-Maritimes, Department of (France),
210 (2).

Alsace-Lorraine, 219 n1, n2, 221(6), 224 n4.
Amazonas (Brazil), 66 ns.

Ambassadors: China, 109 (34); France, 193

(3); Germany, 223 (11); Greece, 277
(102); Italy, 341 (33); Liberia, 366
(1), 368 (5); Serbia, 567 (98); Turkey,
598 (62); United States, 614-615; see
also Diplomatic affairs.
Amercietur, 241 (14).

American Academy of Political and Social
Sciences, Annals of, see Currier, C. F.
A.; Rowe, L. S., and S. M. Lindsay;
Vincent, J. M., and A. S. Vincent.
American Colonization Society, 374 (16).
American Constitutions, see Rodriquez, J. I.

American Journal of International Law,
Supplement to the (cited), 106 n1.
Amnesty Brazil, 69(27); Bulgaria, 89 (15),
103 (159); China, 109 (40); Costa
Rica, 138(12); Cuba, 162(10), 165
(15); France, 193(3); Greece, 267
(39), 273(81); Guatemala, 288 (16);
Haiti, 305 (75), 313; Honduras, 324
(7), 328(9); Japan, 353(16); Li-
beria, 367 (1); Montenegro, 408 (12),
408 (13); Nicaragua, 441(85), 442
(23), 446(111); Panama, 465(17),
468 (18); Portugal, 507 (18), 513 (71);
Russia, 540(23); Serbia, 560 (51);
United States, 614 (2).

Amparo, 335 (162), 454(159).
Anderson-Porras Treaty, 113(5).
Andreas II (Hungary), 25.
Anglican Church, 57 n4.

Anhalt (Germany), 219(1), 221(6), 224 n4.
Anne of Denmark, 259 (3).

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(cited) (Bulgaria), 87 ní, n3, n4, 88 n1,
106 n1; (Cuba), 151 n; (Persia),
481 n2, 549 n2, 554 n3, 555 n2, 566 n1.
Annual Register (cited), 1 n1.
Antivari (Montenegro), 421 (129).
Antwerp, 44(1).

Arab Bedouins, 177(3).

Ardèche, Department of (France), 210(2).
Ardennes, Department of (France), 210 (2).
Ariège, Department of (France), 210 (2).
Arizona (U. S. A.), 621 n2.
Arkansas (U. S. A.), 621 n2.
Army, see Military affairs.

Arndt, A., Verfassung des deutschen Reichs
(cited), 229 n1.

Arrest and prosecution: China, 106(6), 108

(25); Costa Rica, 116 (30); Cuba, 154

(16, 20); Guatemala, 282 (30); Haiti,
296 (9); Liberia, 366 (11); Liechten-
stein, 376(9-11); Nicaragua, 435 (26);
Panama, 460 (23); Portugal, 501 (16);
Russia,
541 (31); Serbia, 559(9);
United States, 610 (6).
Arringo generale (San Marino), 549.
Arsenals: United States, 611 (8).
Artibonite (Haiti), 299 (37).

Arts: Brazil, 69 (35); Cuba, 156(31);
Panama, 465 (13); Persia, 491 (18);
United States, 611 (8).

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