Geographical Specialist to the late JAMES WYLD, Geographer to the Queen. LONDON: FORSTER GROOM & Co., 15, CHARING CROSS, S.W., MILITARY PUBLISHERS AND BOOKSELLERS. THE sources from which this pamphlet has, been compiled are cyclopædias, old maps, official correspondence between Great Britain and the United States and Venezuela, Schomburgk's map and report, official boundary map of Lord Rosebery, and the despatches of successive Governments. The work includes a history of the colonization of the United States, Spanish Guiana, Dutch and British Guiana, with copies of official boundary maps, fully coloured. The value of the disputed territory-west of the Essequibo (see map) is the gold and other minerals found there, the right to make concessions being the real ground for the acute phase of the dispute. The acute phase of the Anglo-Venezuelan boundary question, has arisen in consequence of the very loose way in which the geographical boundaries are defined in treaties with Great Britain. England's late difficulty with Russia over the Afghan Boundary question of 1873, arose from this cause. In the following pages is given a condensed History of the question, the Monroe Doctrine, the Colonization of the various colonies affected, the growth of the United States, Declaration of Independence, President Cleveland's Message, the Despatches between Great Britain and the United States, Schomburgk's report, and map. February 4th, 1896. Boundary Question-as stated by the United States.. 14 British Guiana—Acquisition by Dutch—The British Acquisition 5 Disputed Frontier 42 England's Title to the Disputed Territory 47 History of the Boundary Question by England England's Claim to an Extended Frontier Extent of Territory Claimed by the Dutch and Ceded to England Is the Monroe Doctrine Sound? (by Lord Salisbury).. Lord Salisbury's Criticism of the Monroe Doctrine 34 48 36 39 43 5 27 40 40 46 41 Schomburgk's Line, as a base for discussion United States-Its Colonization-Declaration-Origin of the Monroe THE VENEZUELAN BOUNDARY QUESTION. THE question in dispute is the value of the Schomburgk line Venezuela does not admit the boundary. The United States agree with Venezuela upon this point, and that this line, being different from other lines suggested from time to time and now abandoned, nullifies England's right to any definite line west of the Essequibo River. England claims the original boundary which Schomburgk, in his Report, considers is the western watershed of the Essequibo River. The Dutch claimed from Spain the same watershed in 1759-69. The territory claimed by the Dutch was formally ceded to England in 1814. BRITISH GUIANA. It is important to remember that nearly 200 years before President Monroe issued his Message enunciating his Doctrine the Guianas were colonized by the Dutch. In 1580 the Dutch settled in Guiana. Their position was contested by the Spaniards. Notwithstanding this fact, the Dutch again established a colony on the banks of Essequibo, which was in a flourishing condition in 1613. In 1669 the Dutch owned the Guianas, including British, Dutch and French. In 1803, the same year in which the United States bought from the French the territory owned by the latter on the west bank of the Mississippi, the British finally acquired the territory now called British Guiana from the Dutch. It was formally ceded in 1814, 11 years before the "Monroe Doctrine" saw light. The territory consisted of three colonies-Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice, so named after the rivers which drain them. In 1831 these three colonies were consolidated. MONROE DOCTRINE AS IT IS APPLIED BY THE Mr. Olney asserts that the Doctrine confers the right on the United States to decide questions of frontier that may arise between |