ings, how much it will be given to study and how much to play, how much time to the presentation and reading of documents and how much to the discussion of them, how often and how long each member may speak on the same subject. Be careful not to limit your own freedom by too many rules. Remember the Senate.

9. You will no doubt agree that the open forum principle is the best of all educational methods in treating any subject. It will sharpen your wits, compel you to be accurate, help you to respect the other fellow, cultivate the spirit of tolerance, enable you to differ in opinion without differing in feeling, and give you the chance to discover that it is possible for you to be mistaken.

10. Each member should be urged to keep a good note book to be used in the meetings and outside. Keep a record of your own thoughts on the subject, of the good things said in the discussion, references to books, chapters of books, bulletins, magazine articles, where to find information on various phases of the subject. It is wise to gather up the results of your work and not allow them to escape. In years to come you will probably turn often to this note book for valuable material.

II. The two documents in each of the three parts of this book are put there merely to prime the pump, to stimulate you to search for similar or better ones. But until your own pump gets into working order these six documents may be used as

a basis for study and discussion. They are quite sufficient to occupy you for an entire year, if you decide to use them. They will suggest and lead you out into all kinds of riches. If your Club does any concerted piece of public service, be sure to have several members write accounts of it and send the best one to the editor of this series of Citizenship Club books.

12. Don't get scared or discouraged if the six documents in this book seem at first sight a little difficult. Don't surrender to them; make them surrender to you. If they strain your mental muscles, they are doing what they were intended to do. In athletic exercises the real benefit comes when you reach the point of distress. It is so mentally. One of the best of all methods for developing your ability to understand a document is to prepare a series of questions designed to exhibit its meaning. You have made real progress in any subject, when you are able to ask an intelligent question about it. If this year's study enables you to acquire the ability and habit of reading documents like these intelligently, it will be the best investment of a year's time you ever made. A chief equipment for citizenship in a country like ours is the ability to read the nation's documents accurately and form an intelligent opinion. Don't lower the level of the kind of documents you read. Raise yourself up to the level of the best. The best is none too good for an American.

13. It is suggested that all clubs make a careful study of Franklin's "Junto," a weekly club he founded in 1727 and which he says "was the best school of philosophy, morality and politics that then existed in the province." It had a profound influence on his personal development and was the instrument for putting into operation many useful projects in behalf of the community. Franklin's "Junto" will be most suggestive to Citizenship Clubs concerning the subjects to be studied and the method of treating them. It will be most helpful in suggesting the spirit that should guide the meetings. He says, "our debates were to be conducted in the sincere spirit of inquiry after truth without fondness for dispute or desire of victory." Franklin's club will also serve to stimulate young men and women to see what a profoundly important service Citizenship Clubs can render to them and to the nation.

APPENDIX D

RECEPTION OF NEW CITIZENS

THE ceremony of induction into full citizenship may and should be made inspiring and impressive. An impression worthy of its importance will be produced, if it is conducted by some man or woman who is an old and honored citizen of the community,

If

specially selected for this part of the program. the degree of citizenship and medal of honor come from the failing hands of age to the strong hands of youth, the significance of the act will be made more apparent by the pointed contrast. The following is suggested as the type of address fitted for use in the ceremony:

CONFERRING THE DEGREE

To you, who are twenty-one, who are about to live a responsible public life, to assume the duties of citizenship, to acquire the rights of franchise, we, who are about to surrender them, extend a glad welcome, into the fellowship of mutual and continuous service.

We receive you into the active membership of the nation; we entrust into your keeping the rich heritage received by us from our predecessors; we present to you the challenge of an unfinished task; we confer upon you the degree of citizen.

In your preparation for this conspicuous honor, you have begun to realize something of its true meaning. In the high hope and courage of this hour, we express the confident expectation that you will pass it on to your successors, unstained and undishonored. Whether or not our country shall become a land of broken promise depends in large part upon the measure of your devotion to her experiment in democracy.

As you plant your feet today on the long and difficult path into an untried future, we equip you with the spiritual weapon of orderly progress, the distinguished mark of free men and women, the emblem of the individual's enfranchisement, the right to vote. We offer you this and our love together. We shall accompany you in thought with sympathetic concern, as we retire from the places you advance to occupy. "To you from failing hands we throw the torch; be yours to hold it high."

APPENDIX E

LIST OF BOOKS FOR READING
AND STUDY

IN accordance with the Citizenship Club idea, the references are purposely brief and incomplete. A few types of books are suggested to indicate the kind of book which may be used with profit. They can be multiplied to any extent according to the need and pleasure of each club, which ought to collect a few books for its own little working library.

IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS

The Declaration of Independence.

The Constitution of the United States.