latter department continued in connection with Capital University only two years, when it was removed to Afton, Minn., as the graduates of this department were expected to serve chiefly in the northwest among the German immigrants. During its stay of two years in Columbus Prof. E. A. Boehme was a member of the theological faculty, but he reëntered the pastorate soon after the removal.

At present the seminary faculty consists of the three professors mentioned. The course is one of 3 years, 40 weeks each year. Lectures alternate in German and English. The seminary serves the interests of conservative Lutheranism in the West, and hundreds of pastors have gone out from its doors on their gospel mission. The attendance averages about 35.

Since the year 1850 there have been connected with this seminary a collegiate and a preparatory department. These latter in fact constitute Capital University in the original sense of the word. The occasion of the establishment was the desire to advance the cause of a higher Christian education and to furnish a feeder for the seminary. The proj ect, from the start, was under the control of the joint synod. The board of directors, which has always been and is yet distinct from that of the seminary, consisted then of the ten men acting in the latter capacity, together with four men chosen by synod and ten citizens of Columbus chosen without any reference to their religious denomination. In 1857 the charter was changed by the legislature of Ohio, so that now the twelve directors of the seminary together with three citizens of Columbus constitute the college board. These latter are always chosen from among the Lutherans of the city, so that the whole college is, and has been for many years, controlled entirely by the synod and its agents. Temporary quarters were secured for Capital University, with which the theological seminary had now already been united by action of the board, on Town street. In 1853 the new building, north of the Union Depot, was dedicated, Senator Seward, of New York, delivering the English address. The institution had then 130 students, of whom 8 or 10 were in the theological department. Of the $15,000 subscribed for the endowment fund, $1,500 were given by Jenny Lind, herself a Norwegian Lutheran, for the establishment of a Norwegian professorship.

The first president of Capital University was Prof. W. M. Reynolds, D. D., of Gettysburg, Pa., who, however, remained only a short time. and was succeeded by Rev. C. Spielmann. The new structure for the college and seminary was built at a cost of about $40,000, on 4 acres of land presented by Dr. Lincoln Goodale, from whom Goodale Park has received its name, it having also been presented to the city by this benefactor of Columbus. In 1856 the institution suffered severely, as its treasurer, Mr. L. Heyl, lost some $18,000 of its funds, wrecking himself and inflicting a blow on the institution from which it did not

recover for ten years. straits.

The management was constantly in financial

Within the last 20 years the college has enjoyed a slow, though substantial growth. Although its curriculum is primarily arranged with a view to the seminary, yet it offers a complete classical course of instruction, laying great stress on the study of the languages. It has prepared for life also men who are not in the ministry, but in other useful callings and pursuits. Its leading principle is, that the fear of God is the beginning of wisdom, and hence it works and teaches from the standpoint of positive evangelical Christianity. Non-Lutherans are also cordially welcome, but its Lutheran confession is never concealed. In 1876 the school was removed to the commodious new structure erected on a 10-acre lot just east of the city. The university is about 3 miles from the Statehouse. The attendance in the three departments during the past few years has been something over one hundred annually. The necessary annual expenses for each student are from $120 to $150. The faculty at present consists of Rev. M. Loy, A. M.; Rev. Emanuel Schmidt, A. M.; Rev. C. H. L. Schuette, A. M.; Rev. George H. Schodde, PH. D.; Rev. F. W. Stellhorn; Geo. K. Leonard, A. M.; Rev. A. Pflueger, A. M., and Rev. K. Hemminghaus.

XXI.-MUSKINGUM COLLEGE.

(NEW CONCORD, MUSKINGUM COUNTY.)

On the 9th day of July, 1836, a meeting of the citizens of New Concord, Ohio, was held for "the purpose of adopting measures for the establishment of an academy in the aforesaid town." After considerable discussion relative to the need of such an institution and the advantages to be derived from it, the meeting adjourned to meet on the afternoon of the 10th of August. The meeting was held according to adjournment, and adopted a constitution and by-laws for the management of the academy and elected a board of trustees consisting of seven members. At a subsequent meeting another member was added to the board.

The board at once entered upon its duties. Mr. Andrew M. Black was elected principal, and in the autumn of the same year the school opened with very encouraging prospects. This institution was suc cessor to the Pleasant Hill Academy conducted in the Presbyterian Church, a mile south of the village.

The board, taking into consideration the fact that New Concord was situated in the heart of a fertile country thickly inhabited by a people favorable to literary pursuits, and quite remote from any literary institution, and with ease of access, being situated on the National Road, called a meeting of the citizens with a view to petition the legislature of the State to grant them a charter for a college. As a result the petition was prepared and placed in the hands of Hon. David Chambers, a member of the house of representatives. This being presented to the legislature was favorably considered, and on March 18, 1837, an act was passed incorporating "Muskingum College," to be under the management of nine trustees, with power to increase the number to fifteen.

At a meeting of the board, held June 4, 1837, a faculty was chosen, consisting of Rev. Benjamin Waddle, president, Andrew M. Black, professor of languages, and Elisha McCoy, professor of mathematics. Steps were also taken to procure grounds and erect a college building. During the first year, the educational work of the institution was performed in a rented building. At the opening of the second college year, the building was not completed, but was so far advanced as to allow class-room work to be conducted in it. By the beginning of the third year the structure was completed, and afforded ample facilities for college work at that time.

For the financial means necessary to purchase the ground and erect

the building, the college was indebted to the citizens of New Concord and vicinity. On the 4th of March, 1851, an additional burden was laid upon the people, by the buildings being partially destroyed by fire. However, they resolutely met the difficulty, and when the board met, 9 days after the fire, to take measures to repair the damages, a committee of the citizens met with them and tendered a sum of money sufficient to restore the building. In 1873 the success of the college demanded additional improvements, and to meet this want a building was erected on the front of the old one. Once again the people were called upon, and once more they cheerfully responded. Up to the present time, this improvement has afforded comfortable facilities for educational work, but there is again a demand for more buildings which must be met, if the institution is to keep on in the line of her progress.

From the beginning of the college to 1877 it was under local man agement and was supported by local patronage. At a meeting of the board on July 6, 1877, it was deemed expedient for the interests of the institution to extend its patronage, and with this end in view the college was tendered to the control of two presbyteries of the United Presbyterian Church, namely, Mansfield and Muskingum,

After some consideration on the part of the presbyteries the offer was accepted and a board elected to take the oversight of the institution. This board met and organized August 28, 1877, and took steps to secure a change in the charter adapted to the new relations. For the next five years the presbyteries continued their oversight of the college. Then, further to enlarge the field of patronage, the college was tendered to the United Presbyterian Synod of Ohio, and was ac cepted by the synod.

The board of trust at present consists of 21 members, elected by the synod, together with the president of the college, who is a member ex officio.

The expenses of the college are met in part by a light tuition collected from the students and the proceeds of a partial endowment. These proceeds barely meet the current expenses and afford no help to make improvements. Strenuous efforts are being made to increase the endowment and to enlarge the facilities of the institution.

When the college was opened to students its privileges were extended to young men only. This order continued until March 20, 1854, when young women were admitted to all the privileges enjoyed by the gen tlemen and on the same conditions. The board has never had cause to regret this action. The results have been very satisfactory. While the ladies for the most part have taken the scientific course, yet many have taken a complete classical course and in point of ability and scholarship have shown themselves equal to the gentlemen.

There are two courses of study, the classical and scientific. The classical, including its preparatory, requires 6 years of earnest work and compares favorably with the same course in other colleges. The

scientific course requires 5 years of study. It embraces 8 terms of Latin, all the sciences, and the greater part of the mathematics of the classical course.

The college has had twelve presidents. The first was Rev. Benjamin Waddle, D. D., who was largely instrumentál in originating the college. Mr. Waddle twice held this position, first for 1 year, theu for 3 years. Two of the 12, Rev. James P. Lytle, D.D., and Rev. H. P. McClurkin, D. D., served one year each as president pro tem. The longest presidency was held by Rev. David Paul, D. D., from 1865 to 1879. Dr. Paul was chiefly instrumental in raising the college to the favorable position it occupies in the rank of educational institutions. The present incumbent is Rev. John D. Irons, D. D. He has occupied the position for two years, and under him the college is healthy and prosperous.