Englishmen, were given as the reasons for immediate action. Speaking to the Peterborough Times, on November 22nd, Sir Charles Tupper expressed a similar view. "I am very sorry that there is not a Canadian Contingent standing alongside the Australians and New Zealanders to fight for the Empire to the end of the war. I hope the Government will not only allow a Contingent to be raised, but will also organize and equip it." On December 16th the Rev. Dr. S. P. Rose spoke at a Foresters' banquet in Ottawa, and expressed his pride in being a British subject. "I trust," he continued, "that we of Canada, who are so proud of our connection with the British Empire, will not shrink at proper moments from bearing part of the burdens of the Empire. If our country, as a whole, is too poor to pay the cost of the third Contingent, why should we not, as an Order, pay the cost, and it would save Canada from disgrace? It is worth our serious consideration. I trust that the Independent Foresters who go out will not go out at the expense of the Empire, or C.O.D., as it were, but at the expense of our Order." The press discussed the matter on lines very similar to previous expressions of opinion as to the sending of a new Contingent. The papers which had urged the despatch of one were, as a rule, willing to pay all expenses, and the majority of these were Conservative, and therefore naturally in opposition to the Government. The Toronto Telegram compared the policy of the Government in this respect to that of the Prince of Hesse during the American Revolution. The French-Canadian papers were almost unanimous in describing the raising of the Contingent as simply a permission to Great Britain to enlist troops, and La Patrie, La Presse and Le Soleil were a unit upon this point. On January 28th, of the new year, 1902, the "Canadian Mounted Rifles," as they were called, sailed from Halifax and arrived a month later at Cape Town.

British Des

patches and

Imperial
Honours

During 1901 a number of official documents were made public in which the references to Canadian participation in the war were of exceedingly complimentary character. A series of Field Marshal Lord Roberts' despatches were published, on February 8th, in the London Gazette. Writing on February 6, 1900, Lord Roberts stated that "a subject which from the first attracted my attention was the development and organization of the Colonial forces, of which I was inclined to think that sufficient use had not been made." Referring to the conflict at Paardeberg he spoke of the Canadian advance under Col. Otter as "a gallant deed, creditable to all who took part in it." In a despatch dated March 15th he mentioned "the good services performed by the splendid and highly efficient body of troops from other parts of Her Majesty's Empire.' Reference by name was made to Major S. J. A. Denison and Captain G. P. Lea, of the Army Service Corps and Colonel Girouard. In the despatch of March 31, 1900, dealing with Paardeberg at length, the names of Col. Otter, Majors L. Buchan and O. C. C. Pelletier, Capt. H. B. Stairs, Lieut. A. H. Macdonell, Sergeant Utton and Privates J. Kennedy, H. Andrews, J. H. Dickson, C. W. Duncaife and F. C. Page were mentioned by Lord Roberts. Writing

on November 9th, Sir Redvers Buller specially mentioned Capt. E. M. Morris, of the Devonshire Regiment, as "distinguished for his power of organization, his tact and management of men in camp, and his ability and courage in the field." On May 31st, Lieut.-General, Sir Charles Warren mentioned Lieut.-Col. S. Hughes, and also Major G. H. Ogilvie, Surgeon-Major Worthington and Capt. H. J. Mackie, of the Artillery. General Buller, in the despatch above quoted, also referred to Lieut. C. A. Hensley, of the Dublin Fusiliers, who died afterwards from wounds, Lieut. D. F. Campbell, of the Lancashire Fusiliers and Major J. Moir, of the R.A.M.C., and, in special terms of thanks, to Capt. G. N. Cory of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers. In May, 1901, the despatch of Lieut.-General Sir H. E. Colville, dealing with the operations around Paardeberg, was made public. It was dated March 3, 1900. The first movements of the Royal Canadians with the co-operating British regiments, on February 18th, was described as characterized by "extraordinary courage and determination.” Other events of succeeding days caused praise from his pen and then came the following statement:

On the 27th the Royal Canadians and Royal Engineers especially distinguished themselves; only thoroughly well-disciplined troops could have successfully kept an orderly formation in their 445 yards' advance in the darkness. The coolness displayed alike by the front rank of Canadians, who remained for one hour and a half in the open, covering the working party at a distance of eighty yards from the enemy's trench, and by the rear rank and Royal Engineers in making the trench under a heavy, but fortunately ill-aimed, fire, was admirable.

General Colville then gave the names of those Canadians reported for notice by Major-General H. L. Smith-Dorrien, D.S.O., and who were afterwards mentioned by Field Marshal Lord Roberts-including, also, the name of Captain H. M. Arnold, who had died from his wounds. Dealing, on November 9, 1900, with the Natal Army as a whole General Buller referred to Strathcona's Horse. They had joined his forces in June and "from the moment of their arrival they served with marked success. I can hardly speak too highly of the value Strathcona's Horse have been." Lieut.-Col. S. B. Steele, he added, possessed great influence with all the ranks of his Regiment. "Having a thorough knowledge of frontier work, his services have been most valuable." Major A. M. Jarvis, Major R. Belcher, Capt. E. F. Mackie and Lieut. R. H. B. Magee were described as having done excellent service and proved themselves "most useful soldiers." Amongst the noncommissioned officers and men who were reported to him as having "specially distinguished" themselves were Sergeant-Major J. Hynes, Sergeant W. H. Nelles, Sergeant J. R. Brigham, Corporal A. K. McLellan; Privates C. W. Rooke, G. Gamsby, W. F. Graham and A. C. Gardner. The officers stated, during their time of service, to have performed special acts of bravery or been selected for and successfully carried out arduous or dangerous duties were Major A. E. Snyder, Captains G. W. Cameron and F. L. Cartwright, Lieutenants F. Harper, J. A. Benyon, P. Fall, J. F. Macdonald, J. E. Leckie, T. E. Pooley, A. E. Christie, Surgeon-Lieut. C. B. Keenan, Lieutenants W.

Parker, J. R. Snider, E. J. Steele, A. McMillan, A. H. L. Kyle and Civil Surgeon A. E. Houseman. Twenty-six non-commissioned officers and men were mentioned in the same way. On November 15th Field Marshal Lord Roberts described the difficulty incurred at the time of writing through the period of service having expired in the first Contingents from Canada, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and South Africa itself, and of the great desire he had felt for the Canadians to remain a little longer :

It is impossible to disregard the urgent reasons given by our Colonial comrades for not being able to remain longer at the seat of war. They had done admirable service and shown themselves well fitted to take their places by the side of Her Majesty's regular troops and I witnessed their departure with deep regret, not only on account of their many soldierly qualities, but because it materially impaired the mobility and efficiency of the army in South Africa for the time being, a very critical time, too, until indeed a fresh body of Mounted Infantry could be formed from the nearest available Line battalions, and the several South African local corps could be again recruited up to their original strength.

Various officers and men of the several Canadian Contingents were mentioned in Lord Roberts' despatch of March 29th "for meritorious services performed" and the names included those of Colonels W. D. Otter and C. W. Drury; Lieut.-Colonels L. Buchan, T. D. B. Evans, F. L. Lessard and S. B. Steele; Majors R. Belcher, J. A. G. Hudon, A. M. Jarvis, G. H. Ogilvie and Surgeon-Major A. N. Worthington; Captains G. W. Cameron, F. L. Cartwright, A. C. Macdonell, A. H. Macdonell, E. F. Mackie and H. A. Panet; Lieutenants A. E. Christie, H. J. A. Davidson, A. L. Howard, W. M. Inglis, L. E. W. Irving, J. E. Leckie, J. H. C. Ogilvy, R. E. W. Turner, F. V. Young, and Surgeon-Lieutenant C. B. Keenan. Twenty-two noncommissioned officers and men were also specified including Privates J. Kennedy, L. W. R. Molloy, and R. R. Thompson. Dealing with the relief of Mafeking, Lord Roberts wrote of "the Canadian Field Battery from Bulawayo, ("C" Battery under command of Major J. A. G. Hudon) joining Colonel Mahon, having pressed in by forced marches and rendering valuable assistance.' On April 19, 1901, it was announced in the Gazette that in view of these despatches and covering the period up to Lord Roberts retiring from the command in South Africa, His Majesty the King had been pleased to confer certain distinctions. The following Canadians were honoured in the ways mentioned

K.C.B.

K.C.M.G.

Colonel John George Dartnell, C.M.G. Lieut.-Col. E. P. C. Girouard, R.E.,

Colonel Lessard was at first gazetted a C.M.G., but it was afterwards stated to have been a mistake.

D.S.O.

Capt. G. W. Cameron.

Capt. F. L. Cartwright.
Capt. A. C. Macdonell.
Capt. E. F. Mackie.

Surgeon-Lieut. C.B. Keenan, M.D.

Capt. H. A. Panet.
Lieut. A. E. Christie.
Lieut. L. E. W. Irving.
Lieut. J. E. Leckie.
Lieut. J. H. C. Ogilvy.
Lieut. R. E. W. Turner.

The London Gazette, of April 23rd following, announced that the coveted honour of V.C. had been conferred upon Lieut. H. Z. C. Cockburn, Lieut. R. E. W. Turner and Sergeant E. J. Holland. The Medal for Distinguished Service in the field was awarded to Private W. A. Knisley, of the Royal Canadian Regiment. A little before this date, on March 11th, the Victoria Cross was also bestowed upon Sergeant A. H. L. Richardson, of the Strathcona Horse, and he received the cross from the King's hand two days later. The three other recipients obtained their crosses from the Duke of Cornwall and York during his visit to Canada. About the same time SurgeonLieut.-Colonel G. Sterling Ryerson, M.D., was gazetted a Knight of Grace in the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England; Lieut. Duncan F. Campbell, of the Lancashire Fusiliers, was made a D.S.O.; Colonel F. W. Benson, Chief Staff Officer to Lieut.-General KellyKenny, and a native of St. Catharines, was made a C.B.; Lieut. D. S. McInnes, R.E., was given the D.S.O.; Captains G. M. Kirkpatrick, R.E., and E. M. Morris, of the Devonshire Regiment, were promoted to be Majors (brevet). One of the most deserved and appreciated honours of the war, so far as Canada was concerned, was the K.C.M.G. bestowed upon Lieut.-Col. Edouard Percy Cranwill Girouard, D.S.O. His railway experience had commenced on the Canadian Pacific Railway, continued as Traffic Manager of the Woolwich Arsenal Railway, and developed greatly while in charge of railway construction under General Kitchener, in the Soudan. From being Director of Egyptian Government Railways he had become Director of Railways in South Africa under Lords Roberts and Kitchener-with the charge of transporting 250,000 troops over a vast country and controlling the equally difficult transport of supplies and non-combatants during a varied and perplexing warfare. Now, at the age of thirty-three, he had received honours which most men prize in their old age. In his despatch of March 31, 1900— made public in February of the succeeding year-Lord Roberts wrote as follows: "The Director of Railways has carried out his duties in a highly creditable manner. The concentration of troops prior to my advance was carried out by him without a hitch, and he has recently performed valuable service in restoring through railway communication between the Orange Free State and Cape Colony." On April 2nd, Earl Roberts again referred to Lieut.-Col. (Sir) Percy Girouard as having held the important post of Director of Railways. "To his able administration, his powers of organization and his unflagging industry, the success of his Department is mainly due. I am much indebted to him for his valuable services."

On July 25th, the King held an Investiture at St. James' Palace, and amongst the honours personally conferred by His Majesty were

the V.C. and the D.S.O. upon Lieut. H. E. M. Douglas, M.D., a graduate of Queen's University, Kingston. A little later Lieut. W. H. J. Nickerson, a native of Sackville, N.B., received the V.C., and on April 6th, Capt. H. C. Nanton, R.E., was appointed Assistant-Director of Railways in South Africa under another Canadian-Sir Percy Girouard. Capt. G. N. Cory, of the Dublin Fusiliers, was also gazetted a D.S.O. In September additional Canadian honours were recorded in the London Gazette as a result of Lord Roberts' despatches in which Majors R. Cartwright, V. A. S. Williams, W. Forester, G. E. Sanders, Capt. H. B. Stairs, Lieut. E. W. B. Morrison, Lieut. J. Cooper Mason and Lieut. H. L. Borden were mentioned for their services. Lieut.-Col. R. Cartwright received a C.M.G. while Major A. L. Howard, Major G. E. Sanders, Capt. H. B. Stairs, Capt. A. H. Macdonell, Lieut. E. W. B. Morrison and Lieut. J. Cooper Mason were given the D.S.O. The Distinguished Service Medal was conferred upon Sergeant-Majors T. Hynes, W. Guiblett and J. Richards, Sergeants W. H. Nelles and T. R. Miles, Corp. T. Gallaghan, Gunner Laidlaw, Troopers A. W. V. Crawley and Waite and Private L. W. R. Mulloy. During the South African war a very large number of Canadians had been given Commissions in the British Army. On April 1, 1900, according to the Militia List, one hundred and two officers were on service in the Army who had graduated from the Royal Military College at Kingston. Most of them were in South Africa, though a certain number were in India and at other Imperial stations. According to a list compiled by the Canadian Military Gazette-and omitting College graduates-the Canadians who had been granted Imperial Commissions from the outbreak of the war up to March, 1901, numbered fifty-six. Amongst these were seven 2nd Lieutenants appointed upon the nomination of Lord Minto on January 7th and including Messrs. R. Wood, F. E. Leach, Allan Butler, Ronald Cockburn, J. H. Dwyer, W. R. H. Dann and A. N. Bredin. Later in the year Capt. J. H. C. Ogilvy was appointed to a Captaincy in the Gordon Highlanders.

There was something unusual in this appointment. MajorGeneral Smith-Dorrien had selected Capt. Ogilvy for staff work, but the Gordon Highlanders-who had seen a good deal of him in connection with the Royal Canadians were exceedingly anxious to have him in their regiment. The difficulties of direct promotion from a colonial force were got over by all the subalterns of the regiment signing a petition or request that he should be promoted over their heads. The popular officer was finally gazetted, despite the creation of a precedent which Lord Lansdowne disliked and which Mr. Brodrick afterwards accepted. Later in 1901, he was made a Major in the Constabulary and appointed Inspector of the Pretoria-Rustenberg District and a D.S.O. It may be added that Major Ogilvy's great-great-grandfather was Chief Justice William Dummer Powell of Upper Canada. In June Mr. Napier C. G. Cameron was appointed 2nd Lieutenant in the Imperial Yeomanry; 2nd Lieut. Garnet W. Denison, R.E., was promoted Lieutenant;